Objective To investigate the effect of levodopa on Parkinson's disease rats induced by 6-OHDA lesioned in different degrees. Methods Each group of PD rats whose nigrostriatal had been previously lesioned unilaterally by 6-OHDA received levodopa or saline injections twice daily for three weeks. The rotational behavior, immunohistochemistry and GSH level were observed. Results The rotational behavior ameliorated levodopa was seen only in severely lesioned PD rat. The levels of GSH in striatum were upregulated by levodopa treatment in moderately and severely lesioned PD rats. The number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunorecative neurofibers in the striatum were increased in mildly and moderately lesioned PD rats received levodopa treatment. Conclusions Levodopa upregulates the level of GSH in the striatum in moderately and severely lesioned PD rats. Levodopa will be benefical to mildly and moderately lesioned PD rats and has neurotrophic effect to promote the recovery of TH immunoreactive neurofibers in the striatum.

Objective:To analyze the optimal application groups and influent factors of MMSE were studied. Methods:A total of 4921 old people aged 55 years and over were selected by means of randomized stratification cluster sampling from the urban and rural areas in Xi'an. The MMSE scores distribution and positive predictive values were analyzed among subjects of different ages and educational levels. Multiple stepwise regression method was used to evaluate significant variables. Results:MMSE scores showed a negative and cliff distributions for different ages, education levels, as well as for the whole sample. Moreover, these features were found to be most pronounced in relatively younger old subjects (less 70 years) with comparably higher educational levels (upper high school). Accordingly, the screening-out rates for dementia were higher among relatively older subjects with poor educational levels, when compared to younger and fairly well-educated subjects. Variables such as education, age, sex, hearing loss and daily functional abilities could significantly affect the MMSE score ( P

Aim To explore the antioxidation of pergolide on rat models of Parkinson disease and its mechanism. Methods Wistar rats were pretreated daily with pergolide(1.0 mg?kg -1,ip),pergolide combined with sulpiride(25 mg?kg -1) or sulpiride alone for 7 days, and then sacrificed by decapitation. The activity of SOD and GSH in striatum was determined. Unilateral Parkinsonian models were made in rest of the rats by stereotaxically injecting 6-OHDA. After two weeks, apomorphine (APO)-induced rotational behavior of each group was compared, and the concentrations of striatal dopamine (DA),dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid(DOPAC) and homovanilic acid(HVA) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Result Administration of pergolide for 7 days significantly increased the act- ivities of SOD and GSH in the striatum (P

Objective To investigate the risk factors of postoperative hemorrhage after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).Methods The retrospective case-control study was adopted.The clinical data of 857 patients with pancreatic diseases who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University from January 2007 to December 2014 were collected.All the 857 patients underwent PD and digestive tract reconstruction using the Child method.The number of patients with postoperative hemorrhage,classification,bleeding sites,source and time of bleeding and method and effect of treatment after PD were observed.The correlations among the gender,age,concomitant diseases (diabetes and hypertension),malignancy degree of tumor,the preoperative levels of serum alanine transaminase (ALT),total bilirubin (TBil),albumin (Alb) and prothrombin time (PT),international normalized ratio (INR),operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,method of pancreatic and jejunal anastomosis and postoperative hemorrhage after PD were analyzed.The follow-up of outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to observe postoperative recovery of patients for 2 months till February 2015.Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were done using the chisquare test and Logistic regression model,respectively.Results Of 72 patients with postoperative hemorrhage,grade A,B and C hemorrhage were detected in 3,41 and 28 patients,respectively,and 41,29 and 2 patients had respectively enteral hemorrhage,parenteral hemorrhage and enteral and parenteral hemorrhage.After PD,38 patients had hemorrhage located at the gastrointestinal tract,9 at the common hepatic artery,proper hepatic artery and gastroduodenal artery (5 due to pseudoaneurysm),5 at the pancreatic section,3 at the jejunal mesenteric vessels,2 at the middle colic arterial branches,1 at the superior mesenteric artery,1 at the superior mesenteric vein and 13 at the ambiguous bleeding sites.The early and late stage hemorrhages (within postoperative hour 24 and after postoperative hour 24) were detected in 20 and 52 patients,respectively.Of 44 patients with grade A and B of hemorrhages,17 underwent conservative treatment,16 underwent reoperation,8 underwent hemostatic therapy under gastroscopy,3 underwent interventional treatment.All the 44 patients had good hemostasis effect.Of 28 patients with grade C of hemorrhage,interventional treatment,reoperation,hemostatic therapy under gastroscopy,conservative treatment,interventional treatment + reoperation and gastroscopy + interventional treatment were applied to 10,7,4,3,3 and 1 patients,respectively.Ten of 28 patients died and 18 had successful hemostasis.The gender and preoperative levels of ALT and TBil were related factors affecting postoperative hemorrhage after PD in the univariate analysis (x2 =4.516,7.585,7.209,P ＜ 0.05).Male,preoperative ALT ≥ 172 U/L and preoperative TBil ≥ 159 μmol/L were the independent risk factors affecting postoperative hemorrhage after PD in the multivariate analysis (HR =2.033,1.860,1.872,95％ confidence interval:1.237-3.341,1.135-3.047,1.060-3.307,P ＜ 0.05).Fifty of 62 patients were followed up for a median time of 2 months with a follow-up rate of 80.6％ (50/62),and no rehemorrhage was occurred.Conclusion Male,preoperative ALT≥172 U/L and preoperative TBil≥≥ 159 μmol/L are the independent risk factors affecting postoperative hemorrhage after PD.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of double-“ U” embedding and pursestring suture and binding pancreaticojejunostomy for the prevention of pancreatic fistula.Methods The retrospective cohort study was adopted.The clinical data of 208 patients who underwent pancreaticojejunostomy at the Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from March 2011 to March 2015 were collected.Of 208 patients,106 patients undergoing double-“ U” embedding and pursestring suture and binding pancreaticojejunostomy were allocated into the double-“ U” group and 102 patients undergoing Child pancreaticojejunostomy were allocated into the Child group.Observation indicators included (1) surgical effects:anastomosis time,postoperative pancreatic leakage,duration of hospital stay,(2) follow-up situations.The follow-up using telephone interview and outpatient examination was performed to detect postoperative long-term complications and recovery of patients by abdominal ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) at every 6 months postoperatively up to September 2015.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as x ± s and comparison between groups was analyzed by t test.Count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Results (1) Surgical effects:208 patients underwent successful surgery without occurrence of death.The anastomosis time was (13.0 ± 1.5) minutes in the double-“ U” group and (20.0 ± 1.6) minutes in the Child group,with a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (t =4.713,P ＜ 0.05).Two patients in the double-“ U” group were complicated with grade A of pancreatic leakage,including 1 of 36 patients with normal pancreatic remnant and 1 of 70 patients with fibrotic pancreatic remnant.Nine patients in the Child group were complicated with pancreatic leakage,including 6 in grade A,1 in grade B and 2 in grade C,and there were 6 of 33 patients (4 in grade A,1 in grade B,1 in grade C) with normal pancreatic remnant and 3 of 69 patients (2 in grade A,1 in grade C) with fibrotic pancreatic remnant.There were statistically significant differences in the pancreatic leakage between the 2 groups and among the patients with normal pancreatic remnant in the 2 groups (x2 =2.951,4.994,P ＜ 0.05).The duration of postoperative hospital stay was (13.5 ± 1.2)days in the double-“U” group and (15.7 ± 2.6)days in the Child group,with a statistically significant difference (t =1.011,P ＜ 0.05).No readmission in the 2 groups occurred.(2) Followup situations:91 of 106 patients in the double-“U” group were followed up for 6-54 months with a median time of 30 months.During the follow-up,8 patients were dead,12 patients didn't undergo reoperation due to multiple metastases in the liver,lung and greater omentum,4 and 4 patients were respectively complicated with relapsing pancreatitis and refluxing cholangitis,and other patients had good conditions without the occurrence of diabetes,diarrhea,indigestion and hypopancreatism.Eighty-eight of 102 patients in the Child group were followed up for 6-54 months with a median time of 25 months.During the follow-up,10 patients were dead,11 patients didn't undergo reoperation due to multiple metastases in the liver,lung and greater omentum,6 and 6 patients were respectively complicated with relapsing pancreatitis and refluxing cholangitis,and other patients had good conditions without the occurrence of diabetes,diarrhea,indigestion and hypopancreatism.Conclusion Double“U” embedding and pursestring suture and binding pancreaticojejunostomy for the prevention of pancreatic fistula can reduce the suture time,incidence of pancreatic leakage and duration of postoperative hospital stay,and it is especially suitable for the patients with normal pancreatic remnant.

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to investigate the osseointegration condition by measuring the implant stability quotient (ISQ) to study the effect of osseointegration in the posterior area by Shenggu pills.

METHODSA total of 101 DENTIUM implants were placed in 48 patients. Fifty implants placed in 24 patients were addressed as usual, whereas 51 implants placed in 24 patients were treated with Shenggu pills. ISQ was tested on the day of surgery and consecutively at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. All data were analyzed.

RESULTSThe efficacy of the treatment group was no much better than that of control group on the day of surgery and consecutively at 12 weeks with no significant difference (P>0.05). The efficacy of the treatment group was significantly better than that of the control group at 4 and 8 weeks (P<0.05). The implants placed in the mandible were significantly better than those placed in the maxilla (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSEarly intake of Shenggu pills could accelerate the implant bone union, improve the implants' ISQ, and ensure the success rate of the operation.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine on sedation in post-cardiac surgery patients with NIV intolerance.The changes of respiratory function and hemodynamics of the patients as well as non-invasive ventilation (NIV) failure rate were also under evaluation.Methods Thirty-five post-cardiac surgery patients with NIV intolerance and hypoxemia were enrolled in this prospective study.All patients were sedated with dexmedetomidine.NIV was standardized according to the uniform protocol.The main outcome was NIV success (avoiding endotracheal intubation) or NIV failure (requiring endotracheal intubation or die).The cardiorespiratory parameters (BP,HtR and RR) and artery blood gas analysis were prospectively recorded before and after sedation.The respiratory function and hemodynamics changes in both groups (NIV success group and NIV failure group) were then evaluated.Factors independently associated with NIV failure were identified using a logistic regression model.Results Twenty out of 35 patients (57.14％) survived while 15 (42.86％) patients failed NIV.After 1 h and 4 h of NIV with dexmedetomidine sedation,respiratory rate in both groups were decreased compared with baseline,especially in NIV success group.The PaO2/FiO2 was also improved after 1h and 4h of NIV treatment compared with baseline.The improvement was more significantly in NIV success group.The heart rate was decreased compared with baseline with no differences between two groups.There were no significant changes on PaCO2 and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during the treatment.The respiratory and hemodynamics variables identified as predictors of NIV failure were included in a multivariate logistic regression.RR ＞ 23 time/min (OR =3.2,95％ CI:2.043 ～ 4.301,P ＜ 0.01) 1 h after NIV,RR ＞ 20 time/min (OR =2.1,95％ CI:1.659～3.231,P=0.025) 4 h after NIV,PaO2/FiO2 ＜178 mmHg (OR=2.4,95％CI:1.892 ～ 3.287,P ＜0.01) 1 h after NIV and PaO2/FiO2 ＜ 185 mmHg (OR =1.7,95％ CI:1.243 ～ 2.365,P =0.041) 4 h after NIV independendy predicted NIV failure.Conclusions Dexmedetomidine might be considered as an effective and safe sedative for post-cardiac surgery patients with NIV intolerance.Early identification of predictors of NIV failure may facilitate early intervention.

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease has become the most important chronic liver disease in China.Its mechanism is not completely clear.Professor Sheng Guoguang examines the symptoms and seek the cause,treats the disease by stages from the perspective of"earth-obstructing and wood-stagnation,phlegm and blood stasis",summarizes the core pathogenesis of each stage,and prescribes drugs for the pathogenesis.In the early stage,the disease is mainly caused by earth-obstructing and wood-stagnation and phlegm and blood stasis and the corresponding treatment method should be activating spleen to eliminate depression,relieving phlegm and promoting blood circulation,with common use of modified Sizhu Decoction combined with Erchen Decoction.In the middle stage,phlegm and blood stasis transform into heat are the main pathogenesis,and the appropriate treatment is clearing liver and purging fire,and relieving phlegm and promoting blood circulation,with common use of modified Xiaochaihu Decoction combined with Erchen Decoction.In the late stage,weakness of the internal organs is the main pathogenesis,and it is appropriate to nourish liver and fortify the spleen,tonifying the kidney and consolidate the root,supplementing with reducing phlegm and activating blood circulation,with common use of modified Yiguan Decoction combined with Liujunzi Decoction in modification,which has achieved confirmed clinical efficacy.

We reported one case of a patient with Sjögren's syndrome and dental implant. This patient was followed up for more than one year. The patient was diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome for 5 years and treated with long-term corticosteroid. Four implant-tissue interface hydrophilic implants were placed on 15, 16, 44, and 46 of the mandibular and maxillary areas. After the surgery was completed, the patient was treated with oral antibiotic and "shenggu pills" to prevent infection and glucocorticoid to manage Sjögren's syndrome. Consequently, six implants were placed in other parts of the mandibular and maxillary areas. After more than one year of follow-up, the implants and prosthesis remained stable and had no complications. Cone beam CT reconstruction showed good implant-bone combination.
Dental Implantation ; Dental Implants ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Sjogren's Syndrome

Objective To study the incidence,possible risk factors,and influence on patient outcomes of diaphragmatic dysfunction in patients after surgical treatment of type A aortic dissection using ultrasound.Methods Patients who received replacement of hemiarch or total arch with concomitant procedures concerning aortic pathology,and an elephant trunk procedure for the descending aorta were prospectively enrolled in this study from February to May 2017.After surgery,they were transferred to the cardiac surgical intensive care unit.They were divided into two groups based on diaphragmatic excursion:diaphragmatic dysfunction (DD) group and diaphragmatic function normal (DN) grouBilateral diaphragmatic excursions were evaluated using ultrasound during spontaneous breathing trial by T-tube.The differences in demographic characteristics,operation-related variables and outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 42 patients were enrolled in this study,and 32 of them suffered from diaphragmatic dysfunctions.Compared with DN group,the excursion of the influenced diaphragm in DD group was significantly reduced[(0.450 ± 0.331)cm vs.(1.801 ± 0.616)cm,P＜0.01],while the excursion of the non-influenced diaphragm was not reduced[(2.013±0.655)cm vs.(1.801 ±0.616) cm,P=0.254].Diaphragmatic thickness was comparable [(0.184±0.028)cm vs.(0.189±0.028)cm,P=0.559 ] between the two groups while thickening fraction was significantly reduced in DD group[(4.67％±3.63)％ vs.(23.58％±10.69)％,P＜0.01].Meanwhile,respiratory rate was significantly higher in DD group as compared to DN group [(24.13 ± 4.98)times/min vs.(20.50 ± 3.17)times/min,P=0.037].Patients in DD group showed longer cross-clamp duration[(121.78±27.75)min vs.(93.10±18.84)min,P=0.004] and longer cardiopulmonary bypass duration [(208.09±32.78)min vs.(182.70±24.38)min,P=0.03] than patients in DN grouFurthermore,binary logistic analysis indicated that longer cross-clamp duration was the potential risk factor for diaphragmatic dysfunction after type A aortic dissection surgery.Mechanical ventilation duration was longer in DD group than in DN group (88 h vs.37 h,P=0.194) but without statistical significance.The usage of noninvasive ventilation was significantly increased in DD group as compared to DN group (46.88％ vs.10％,P=0.036).Other outcomes such as post-operative complications,mortality,ICU length of stay were comparable between the two groups.Conclusions Diaphragmatic dysfunction was very common after surgical treatment of type A aortic dissection.Longer duration of cross-clamp was considered as a potential risk factor of diaphragmatic dysfunction.A sequential management of noninvasive ventilation after extubation was feasible for diaphragmatic dysfunction after surgical treatment of type A aortic dissection.