The anonymous review system for doctoral dissertations is an effective way of comprehensively evaluating the research capability and academic cultivation of doctoral students. It brings remarkable results in the quality control process of doctoral dissertations. However, the anonymous review system for doctoral dissertations also has some limitations. Unceasing development and improvement are needed in the practice, as well as continuous creation and exploration.

Children' s chronic diseases have become the main public health problems affecting children' s health. The traditional management has not been able to meet the medical and health needs of children with chronic diseases. With the development of information technology,big data is a information asset with more decision - making power,insight and process optimization ability,which provides innovative and promising management measures for the management of chronic diseases in children. Now,the disadvantages of the traditional management scheme and the ne-cessity of the reform were discussed,the research progress of big data in children's chronic disease management was ex-pounded,and the shortcomings and challenges of big data analysis in children's chronic disease management were ana-lyzed.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is an acute cerebrovascular disease with the highest mortality in subtype of stroke, accounting for 15%-20% of all strokes. There was no specific treatment for ICH currently. The mechanism of secondary neurological impairment after ICH remains unclear. Whether it is related to the process of ferroptosis caused by iron deposition is worth to further discuss. This paper reviews the related published articles about ferroptosis, which include mechanisms, inhibition methods and biomarker of ferroptosis.

Objective:To evaluate endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy in treatment of children with acute uncomplicated appendicitis.Methods:Sixty children patients were admitted at the Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from Oct 2019 to Jun 2021 and were divided into ERAT group ( n=30) and LA group ( n=30). Results:All operations were successfully performed . ERAT children started oral feeding earlier [(6.8±2.0) h vs. (12.3±2.0) h, t=-10.636, P<0.001], postoperative hospital stay was shorter [(3.2±1.3) d vs. (5.0±1.3) d, t=-5.360, P<0.001]. After 14 months follow up, the recurrence rate in the ERAT group was 6%. The complication rate of LA was 10%. Conclusion:ERAT is a safe and effective therapy in treating children with acute uncomplicated appendicitis with low,acceptable recurrence rate.

Objective: To explore the long-term efficacy of laparoscopic-assisted anorectoplasty and conventional anorectoplasty in the treatment of children with high and middle anal atresia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was used. Inclusion criteria: (1) children with high and middle anal atresia; (2) complicated with rectourethral or rectovesical fistula; (3) complete follow-up data. Exclusion criteria: (1) complicated with 21-trisomy; (2) cerebral palsy and other mentaldisabilities; (3) Currarino syndrome; (4) FG syndrome. Clinical data of 88 patients with middle and high anal atresia, who complicated with rectourethral fistula or rectovesical fistula, and underwent anoplasty at Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2009 to June 2014 were enrolled in the study and analyzed. There were 24 cases with middle atresia and 64 cases with high atresia. All the cases were divided into 2 groups based on the operative method: laparoscopic group (laparoscopic-assisted anorectoplasty, 49 cases), pena group (posterior sagittal anorectoplasty, 39 cases). The demographic features of two groups were comparable. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, body mass, classification of anomaly types and sacral ratio (all P>0.05). Student t test and Chi square tests were used to compare the surgical conditions (operative time, postoperative hospital stay and complications), anal function (Kelly score), constipation (Krickenbeck constipation score) and anorectal pressure. Results: Children of both groups all completed operation ssuccessfully. There were no statistically significant differences between laparoscopic group and pena group in the operative time [(120±31) minutes vs. (112±23) minutes, t=1.343, P=0.091] and postoperative hospital stay [(7.1±2.3) days vs. (10.7±3.3) days, t=6.021, P=1.000]. Complications were more common in the pena group [16.3% (8/49) vs. 35.9% (14/39), χ²=4.436, P=0.035]. The main complications in laparoscopic group were anal prolapse (8.2%, 4/49) and anal stenosis (6.2%, 3/49), while in pena group were anal stenosis (12.8%, 5/39) and perioperative perianal skin erosion (10.3%, 4/39). As for the anal function, the degree of feces, defecation control and sphincter contractility, the single scoring differences of Kelly scoring system were not statistically significant between the two groups, but the proportion of good function in the laparoscopic group was higher than that in the pena group [67.3% (8/49) vs. 38.5% (15/39), χ²=7.308, P=0.007]. Constipation occurred in 6 (12.2%) patients in the laparoscopic group, of whom 5 were improved by diet regulation and 1 required laxatives, while 9 (23.1%) patients developed constipation in the pena group, of whom 4 were improved by diet regulation and 5 required long-term laxatives. The difference of constipation ratio was not statistically significant (χ²=1.802, P=0.180). There were no cases of Krickenbeck constipation grade 3. Compared to the pena group, the laparoscopic group had higher anal resting pressure [(33.35±9.69) mmHg vs. (27.68±10.74) mmHg, t=2.599, P=0.011], higher dilating pressure [(9.00±5.61) mmHg vs.(6.51±3.24) mmHg, t=2.462, P=0.016], higher maximal squeeze pressure [(65.80±17.23) mmHg vs. (56.74±18.93) mmHg, t=2.389, P=0.019] and longer maximal contraction time [(21.16±5.02) seconds vs. (18.44±7.24) seconds, t=2.079, P=0.041]. The rectal resting pressure [(5.36±3.00) mmHg vs. (4.61±3.93) mmHg, t=1.015, P=0.312] was not statistically significantly different. Conclusions Compared with posterior sagittal anorectoplasty, laparoscopic-assisted anorectoplasty in the treatment of high and middle anal atresia has better long-term efficacy with less perioperative complications.

Objective: To summarize the experience of surgical treatment of 18 cases of severe aortic stenosis with ventricular septum hypertrophy. Methods: Clinical data of 18 patients with severe aortic stenosis admitted to the first affiliated hospital of zhengzhou university from January 2013 to December 2016 were collected. There were 7 males and 11 females. The mean age was (50.4±4.2) years old. All patients were diagnosed with severe stenosis of main artery valve by echocardiography before surgery, with mean aortic valve orifice area (0.57±0.11) cm^2, cardiac function (NYHA classification) grade Ⅱ in 4 patients, grade Ⅲ in 9 patients, and grade Ⅳ in 5 patients. There were 8 patients with mild aortic valve insufficiency, 4 patients with mild to moderate mitral valve insufficiency, 2 patients with moderate to severe aortic valve insufficiency, 3 patients with ascending aorta dilatation (ascending aorta inner diameter>4.5 cm), and 1 patient with atrial fibrillation. Interventricular septum thickness (15.82±2.04)mm, left ventricular posterior wall thickness (14.04±1.28)mm, ratio of interventricular septum thickness to left ventricular posterior wall thickness (IVS/LVPW) 1.12±0.91, inner diameter of left ventricular outflow tract (19.01±1.74)mm, cross-lobe differential pressure (102±8.40) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) mean 0.49±0.05. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (53.33±4.00) mm, left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) (27.11±1.99) mm, and left ventricular mass index (277.1±37.3) g/m². All patients underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) and partial interventricular septum resection under general anesthesia and conventional extracorporeal circulation, 2 patients underwent mitral valve formation (artificial valve ring), 2 patients underwent ascending aorta formation, and 1 patient underwent ascending aorta wrapping. During the operation, the time of extracorporeal circulation, aortic occlusion, number of defibrillation during the operation, type of valve implantation and postoperative complications were recorded. Regular follow-up was conducted to analyze the changes of various indexes at different preoperative and postoperative time. Results: There was no death in the whole group. 2 patients were treated with temporary pacemakers. After drug treatment, sinus rhythm was restored on the 3rd and 6th day after surgery, and temporary pacemakers were removed. Echocardiography reexamination 1 week after the operation showed that all patients had a good artificial valve function and 2 patients had minor regurgitation of mitral valve. The difference in pressure across the valve, inner diameter of the left ventricular outflow tract, cardiac function classification, ventricular septum thickness, valve orifice area, and left ventricular mass index were significantly improved compared with the preoperative level (P<0.05). LVEF, LVEDD, and LVESD were compared with the preoperative level (P<0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, the difference in LVEF and LVEDD was statistically significant compared with the preoperative level (P<0.05). Conclusion Severe aortic stenosis combined with ventricular septum hypertrophy and partial ventricular septal muscle resection is a simple additional procedure in the AVR process, which does not increase the surgical risk and has a significant effect, and is conducive to postoperative left ventricular function recovery.