Objective To explore the criminological characteristics and appraisal traits of capacity for responsibility in murder by patients with mental retardation and schizophrenics. Methods 20 cases who were appraised as mental retardation and 58 ones as schizophrenics were retrospectively compared. Results They were similar in gender, age, occupation, casualty and criminal plan , but different in criminal motives, criminal targets, action after crimes, repeated crimes. Conclusion The irritability mental retardation patients and schizophrenics with delusion of persecution or jealousy would be warded strictly. The criminological characteristics is helpful to assess the capacity for responsibility as well as differential diagnose mental retardation and schizophrenics.

OBJECTIVE: To establish an HPLC method for the determination of rebamipide in rats' plasma and colonic tissue.METHODS: The rats were assigned to receive 4 mg rebamipide chitosan capsule or its gelatin capsule or its CMC-Na solution peros.Then the plasma and colon tissue samples were taken at different time for a determination of the concentration of rebamipide by HPLC gradient elution with Cmax computed.RESULTS: The linear range for rebamipide was from 20～2 000 ng?mL-1.The average extracting recoveries of rebamipide from the plasma and the colon were 88.4% and 90.8%,respectively.After oral administration of 4 mg rebamipide chitosan capsule or its gelatin capsule or its CMC-Na solution,the Cmax of rebamipide in the colon tissue were 5 963.9,2 190.7 and 1 185.8 ng?g-1 respectively versus 252.7,949.0 and 1 023.3 ng?mL-1 respectively in plasma.CONCLUSIONS: The established HPLC gradient elution in the study can be used to determine quantitatively the rebamipide level in plasma or colon tissue for the development of its colon specific delivery preparations.

Objective To investigate the effect of soybean isoflavone on histology and uhrastructure of benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats.Methods Male SD rats were injected subcutaneously testosterone propionate for 28 d to induce prostatic hyperplasia,and the rats were divided into 5 groups:control group,model group,and 3 test groups with SI in a dose of 60 mg/(kg·d),120 mg/(kg·d) and 240 mg/(kg·d),respectively.The wet prostate weight,prostatic index,morphological,uhrastmetural and morphometrie changes of the prostatic shndular and interstitial tissues were observed.Results The prostate wet weight,prostatic index and prostatic volumes in all dose groups were significantly lower than those in the models.In comparison with the model group,height of prostatic epithelial cells,glandular average diameters,volumes and surface areas in unit volume,as well as glandular circumferences,glandular relative total volumes and interstitial relative total volumes were all significantly decreased.Glandular counts,density,ratio of glandular surface area to volume,and glandular average curvature were all increased.Conclusions Soybean isoflavone can inhibit prostatic hyperplasia in rats.

Objective To study the feasibility of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in treatment of thoraco-lumbar fractures.Methods Twenty-two patients with thoraeo-lumbar fractures were treated with the posterior percutaneous or open pedicle screw fixation respectively.Operation time,the bleeding volume,the height of the anterior border,the cobb angles of seoliosis,the late loss of correction,and complications were compared.Results All patients were followed up for mean 19 months(13 to 22 months).In percutaneous group,the mean time of operation was 102 minutes,the anterior height of compressed vertebral bodies was restored from 52% to 95% of the normal height,and the Cobb angle was corrected from 16?to 6.3?,the mean late loss of correction was 13% in percutaneous group,and there were no significant differences between the two groups(P＞0.05).The mean bleeding volume in the percutaneous group and open group was 102 ml and 290 ml respectively,which showed significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion Posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in treatment of thoracolumar fractures,which didn't need vertebral canal decompression,was a perfect and effective method.Compared with open method,it had such strongpoints as quicker recovery and less invasive.

Primers were synthesized according to DNA sequence of HBV found in China, and the reverse transcriptase (RT) region in polymerase gene, HBV preC/C region and the whole genome were amplified by PCR method from the serum of 8 patients with chronic HBV infection. Then the PCR products were ligated into pGEM Teasy vectors. 27 clones were sequenced. Deduced amino acid sequences were compared, and the results showed that mutations were widely distributed in structural and non structural viral proteins. The substitution mutations occur in clones isolated from specific patients, which led to a characteristic mutation in the quasispecies group. The results indicated that the diversity of HBV gene might play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic HBV infection.

OBJECTIVETo establish a simple high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) system for determination of capsaicin in rat plasma.

METHODSRat plasma (100 µl) was extracted with mixed solvent (ethyl acetate:acetone 85:15) after addition of 50 ng/ml internal standard, and analyzed by Agilent 6460 Triple Quadrupole LC/MS system. The detection was performed with multiple reactions monitoring using electrospray ionization. The precursor/product ion transitions were monitored at m/z 306→137 (+Ion mode) for capsaicin. Verapamil was used as the internal standard at m/z455→165.

RESULTSThe analysis time was only 1.5 min in the positive mode; the calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 1.85-370 ng/ml. The lowest limit of quantification reached 1.85 ng/ml. The extraction recoveries were 77.34%, 70.64% and 78.02% for the three quality control concentration levels (3.7, 37, and 370 ng/ml), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe LC-MS/MS system is simple, accurate, reliable and time-saving for determination of trace amount of capsaicin in plasma.

Animals ; Capsaicin ; blood ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Plasma ; chemistry ; Rats ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of Euphorbia pekinensis roots. METHODS Column and liquid chromatography were used for the isolation of chemical constituents, and their chemical structures were determined using a spectroscopic method.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONFour compounds were isolated and identified as ziyu glycoside I (1), 3β-α-L-arabinopyranosyloxyurs-12,19(29)-dien-28-oic acid 28-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2), lithospermic acid B (3), and senarguine B (4), which were obtained for the first time from the roots of Euphorbia pekinensis.

Benzofurans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Depsides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo establish a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based method for determining isoniazide concentration in pleural effusion and plasma of patients with tuberculous pleurisy, and evaluate the permeability of isoniazide from blood into pleural effusion.

METHODSWe collected pleural effusion from 15 patients with tuberculous pleurisy 2 h after administration 300 mg isoniazide in the morning of day 1. Pleural effusion and plasma were obtained 2 h after isoniazide administration on day 3. Isoniazide concentration was measured using HPLC, and the penetration rate of isoniazide in pleural effusion was calculated.

RESULTSIsoniazide concentration in the pleural effusion averaged 1.156∓1.190 µg/ml in the 15 patients at 2 h after isoniazide administration on day 1. On day 3, isoniazide concentration was 1.920∓1.294 µg/ml in the pleural effusion and 2.445∓1.463 µg/ml in the plasma, and the mean penetration rate of isoniazide from blood into the pleural effusion was 86.0%.

CONCLUSIONAs isoniazide has a high penetration rate into the pleural effusion in most patients, continuous oral administration of isoniazid has been sufficient to achieve an effective treatment concentration, and intrapleural injection of isoniazide may seem unnecessary for non-drug-resistant tuberculosis pleurisy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Isoniazid ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Permeability ; Pleura ; metabolism ; Pleural Effusion ; metabolism ; Tuberculosis, Pleural ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the expression level of serum CD73 in Parkinson's disease(PD)patients and the correlation be-tween serum CD73 and the severity of motor dysfunction.Methods A total of 97 PD patients and 71 healthy controls were included.Bas-ic data of the subjects were collected,including age,gender,smoking history,and the condition of dose taking.Disease course,H&Y stage,and UPDRS-Ⅲ score of PD patients were also collected.PD patients were divided into mild PD group,and moderate and severe PD group according to H&Y stage.The fasting venous blood of the subjects was collected for serum CD73detection.Binary Logistic regres-sion analysis was used to analyze the correlation between PD and factors such as age,gender,and serum CD73.Receiver operating char-acteristic curve analysis was used to predict the diagnostic value of serum CD73.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between serum CD73 level,H&Y stage,and UPDRS-Ⅲ score in PD patients.Results The level of serum CD73 in PD patients was significantly lower than that in healthy controls.Binary Logistic regression showed that the decrease in the level of serum CD73 was an in-dependent risk factor for PD.The level of serum CD73 lower than 2.85U/L was more sensitive to the diagnosis of PD.In PD patients,the higher the H&Y stage,the lower the serum CD73 level;Pearson correlation analysis showed that the serum CD73 level was negatively cor-related with the H&Y stage and UPDRS-Ⅲ score.Conclusion The reduction of serum CD73 level can significantly increase the risk of PD,and the lower the level of serum CD73,the more serious the motor dysfunction of PD patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of capsaicin in regulating permeation of P-gp substrate rhodamine 123 (R123) across the jejunum, ileum and colon membranes of rats.

METHODSThe permeability of R123 or fluorescein sodium (CF) across the jejunum, ileum and colon membranes of male SD rats was evaluated using a Ussing chamber. The concentration of R123 or CF in the receptor was determined using fluorospectrophotometry to calculate the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp).

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, capsaicin increased the permeability of R123 across jejunal membranes in the mucosal-to-serosal (M-S) direction and decreased its permeability in the serosal-to-mucosal (S-M) direction, but produced no obvious effect on R123 transport across the ileum or colon membranes. Capsaicin caused a regional increase in the permeability of CF across the jejunal membranes compared with the control group, but CF transport across the ileum and colon membranes was not affected.

CONCLUSIONCapsaicin can affect the transport of R123 and CF across rat jejunal membranes, and this effect is shows an obvious intestine segment-related difference probably because of the different distribution of P-gp or tight junction in the intestines. This finding suggests that capsaicin is a weak P-gp inhibitor and an improver of mucous membrane channels.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Animals ; Capsaicin ; pharmacology ; Colon ; metabolism ; Fluorescein ; pharmacokinetics ; Ileum ; metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption ; Jejunum ; metabolism ; Male ; Permeability ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhodamine 123 ; pharmacokinetics