To observe the therapeutic effect of treating pseudomyopia in children by auricular point sticking plus plucking manipulation. Two groups of auricular points were selected. There were Eye 1 (MA-L), Eye 2(MA-L), Liver (MA-SC 5) and Er Shenmen (MA-TF 1) in the first group and Central rim (MA-AT), Eye(MA-L 1), Superior Triangular Fossa (MA-TF) and Cervical Vertebrae (MA-AH 8)points. Then the cervical vertebrae were plucked and moved fore-and-aft circlewise. The result showed that among 45 affected eyes of the 35 cases, the total effective rate was 97.8%, which indicated the therapeutic effect was remarkable.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of nerve root sedimentation disease to symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and nonspecific low back pain(LBP).Methods One hundred and eighty lumbocrural pain patients in the People's Hospital of Binzhou from Jan.2010 to Jun.2013 were divided into LSS group and LBP group,and 90 patients in each group.The rate of nerve root sedimentation in two groups was recorded.Results There were 84 cases(93.3％) with positive nerve root sedimentation in group LSS,while 0 case in LBP group,and the difference was significant (P =0.000).The pain visual analogue score (VAS) between the two groups were no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The Oswestry disability index (ODI) in LSS group was (60.3 ± 5.1) ％,lower than that in LBP group (66.4 ± 6.3) ％,and the difference was statistically significant (P =0.021).Cross-sectional area (CSA) of the LSS group was (68.9 ± 7.0) mm2,lower than that in LBP group ((168.2 ± 13.8) mm2),and the difference was statistically significant (t =26.173,P =0.000).There was no significant correlation between ODI and CSA (r =0.18,P =0.098).Conclusion The nerve root sedimentation disease is higher in LSS patients and positive of sedimentation disease can serve as a diagnosed marker of LSS.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of immunosuppressive strategy of leflunomide (LEF) combined with calcineurin inhibitor and prednisone in Chinese renal transplant recipients.Methods Prospective clinical study was performed in 16 stable renal transplant recipients treated with calcineurin inhibitor, prednisone and either mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or azathioprine (Aza), and MMF or Aza was replaced by LEF afterward. The loading dose of LEF was 50 mg/day for 3-5 days, and the maintenance dose was 20 mg/day. Prednisone was maintained 10 mg/day. The doses of CsA were adjusted according to its blood concentration.Results One patient dropped due to economic reason 1 mouth later, and continued to take Aza. Another one patient switched back to MMF due to a slight increase of serum creatinine (from 130 ?mol/L to 143 ?mol/L) 6 months after conversion. The remaining 14 patients were still on LEF. The mean observation time under LEF was (8.7?7.2) months (1～18 month). The mean serum creatinine was (103?24) ?mol/L before conversion, (95?26) ?mol/L at 6th month, and (108?27) ?mol/L at one year post-conversion. There was one episode of biopsy proved reversible acute rejection. The observed side effect was tolerable alopecia in 2 cases and rash in 1 case, but there were no significant increases in liver function, decrease of blood WBC count, deterioration of anemia, or any serious infection in any of the patients.Conclusion Immunosuppressive strategy of LEF+calcineurin inhibitor and prednisone is effective and safe in stable Chinese renal transplant recipients.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of the clinical outcome of patients with femoral neck fracture after operation .Methods 180 patients with femoral neck fractures were chosen ,the clinical data were statistical analyzed,recording body condition of concurrent disease and preoperative in all patients gender ,age,level of hemoglobin ,serum albumin level ,injured time and operation time interval of time ,before the operation , The influence of clinical outcome in patients of 1 years after fracture of neck was analyzed .Results The death patients and survival between patients with concurrent disease (89.6% vs 10.4%),physical status classification (84.9% vs 15.1%), hemoglobin(98.4%vs 1.6%),serum albumin level(98.9% vs 1.1%) and total lymphocyte number (96.6% vs 3.4%) had statistical significance(χ2 =7.227,13.855,16.201,6.678,4.649,all P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis ,concurrent disease ,>2 physical status classification in the grade ⅢorⅣ,level of hemoglobin <100g/L,level of serum albumin <35g/L and total lymphocyte number <1.5 ×109/L were risk factors of clinical out-come of femoral neck after surgery .Conclusion Concurrent disease ,physical status classification ,hemoglobin levels , serum albumin level and total lymphocyte number are clinical risk factors increased mortality for patients with fracture of neck of femur .

Objective To investigate how to prevent deep-vein thrombosis(DVT) after total knee replace-ment(TKR).Methods Deep vein thrombosis in 87 patients after TKR from 2004 to 2007 in the Third Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University was retrospectively analyzed.Results Amony the 87 patients,13 were found having deep vein thrombosis,5 of 38 using low-molecular-weight beparin after TKR having deep vein thrombosis,6 of 35 cases using aspirin after TKR having deep vein thrombosis,5 of the 10 eases using mechanical preventive measures having deep vein thrombosis.The difference between low-molecular-weight heparin and aspirin group was not statistically significant.Conclusion Using low-molecular-weight heparin before TKR can prevent the occurrence of deep-vein thrombosis.Using epidural anesthesia,and a low-molee-ular-weight heparin drugs or aspirin after TKR can better prevent the formation of deep-vein thrombosis.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of acute patella bone cartilage fracture,and further study its diagnosis and treatment of clinical significance.Methods Collecting 21 cases of the acute patella bone cartilage fracture from July 2005 to December 2007.Eleven patients were male and ten were female,with the mean age of 31.6 (16～46) years.All the patients were treated using the arthroseopic microfracture technique after MR examination.Results All patients were followed up 6 to 18 months,did not show patellofemoral joint pain. Evaluated by Tagner rating,excellent outcomes were found in 17 cases,good in 4 cases,satisfactory results in 100% cases.Conclusion The arthroscopic microfracture technique in treatment of the patella cartilage fracture method is simple,easy to operate,can significantly improve knee function and pain,as well as the quality of life.

Objective To observe the effects of stereotactic implanting depth electrode into the hippocampus on monitoring mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods Thirteen patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy were included in the present study.The epilcptogenic zone might be located in the hippocampus based on the symptoms and MRI data.Eight-contact depth electrode was implanted into the patients' hippocampus by stereotactic procedures to record the electroencephalogram(EEG).The duration of monitoring lasted for 24-72 hours or more,so as to be sure if the epileptogenic zone was located in the hippocampus,and to provide evidences for surgical resection of epileptic focus.Results Thirteen patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy underwent video electroencephalogram monitoring for 72 hours.Twentynine epileptic seizures in 7 patients were detected.Ictal EEG changes manifested as paroxysmal slow wave or spike and slow waves on the background.The epileptiform discharges started from some electrode points,and then propagated to others or the contralateral electrode. After 1-2 seconds of delay,high amplitude slow waves with the frequency of 3-4 Hz were observed on the ipsilateral scalp EEG. Clinical epileptic seizures were not detected in 6 patients during monitoring,depth electrode showed paroxysmal focal high amplitude slow wave or spike and sharp waves,scalp EEG did not find abnormality.Six of thirteen patients received surgical resection of epileptic foci,the outcome during follow-up of 3-8 months was satisfactory.Conclusions To record hippocampal EEG in patients with intractable epilepsy by stereotactic implanting depth electrode into the hippocampus might be a safe and reliable method.It might provide strong evidences for the diagnosis of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy,and for the location of epilcptogenic zone.

Objective To investigate the effect of cerebral ischemic preconditioning (IP) on the expressions of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and its receptor Tie-2 mRNA in cerebral ischemia in rats.Methods Ninety-nine Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups:sham operation (n =9),non-ischemic preconditioning (NIP) (n =45),and IP (n =45).The latter two groups were redivided into 5 subgroups:ischemia-reperfusion 1,3,7,14,and 21 days (n =9 in each group).A model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced by the intraluminal suture method for focal IP (ischemia for 10 minutes and restoring perfusion).Infarct volume was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium staining.The expression levels of Ang-1/Tie-2 mRNA were detected by in situ hybridization.Results The infarct volumes in the 1 -,3-,and 7-day subgroups of the IP group were significantly smaller than those in the relative subgroups of the NIP group (all P＜ 0.05).The expression of Ang-1 mRNA in the 3- and 7-day subgroups of the IP group and the expression of Tie-2 mRNA in the 1-,3-,and 7-day subgroups of the NIP group were upregulated significantly (all P ＜ 0.05).The infarct volume in the 3-day subgroup of the IP group was reduced most significantly (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of Ang-1 mRNA in the 7-day subgroup was upregulated significantly,and the peak expression of its receptor Tie-2 mRNA appeared at day 3 after IP and continued to day 7.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of Ang-1/Tie-2 mRNA were significantly negatively correlated with infarct volume (P ＜0.01).Conclusions The expression of Ang-1/Tie-2 mRNA in the IP group was upregulated within the time window of ischemic tolerance (1 - 7 days after preconditioning),in which Ang-1 may mainly act on the later stage of the cerebral ischemic tolerance.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of Uromentor virtual reality simulator in flexible ureteroscopy training for catechumen.Methods Fifty-one catechumen were selected.After 1 hour training of basic operation in Uromentor virtual reality simulator, all trainees performed special-purpose exercise ( kidney inspection with flexible ureteroscopy ) for 3 hours. Using right kidney inspection, a preliminary assessment for each trainee was made before the special-purpose exercise and data such as total time, number of trauma from the scopes and tools, percentage of kidney surface examined and global rating scale ( GRS ) were recorded.The same assessment was performed once again after the special-purpose exercise ( secondary assessment ) , and data were recorded and compared to the preliminary assessment. Results Each trainee made a significant improvement in flexible ureteroscopic skill after the special-purpose training.The parameters such as total time, number of trauma from the scopes and tools, percentage of kidney surface examined and GRS of all trainees in preliminary assessment were 14.63 ±1.01 min, 8.62 ± 2.67, 51.05%±20.79%and 10.31 ±2.53, respectively;while in secondary assessment, parameters were 7.71 ±1.13 min, 1.67 ±1.23, 98.04% ±5.42% and 29.14 ±3.01, respectively.The differences between the preliminary assessment and the secondary assessment of each parameter were significant ( P<0.01).Conclusions The Uromentor virtual reality simulator can improve the trainee′s skills of flexible ureteroscopy.It is a good instrument of the flexible ureteroscopic training for catechumen.

Objective:To explore the association between different urbanization levels and non-commu-nicable diseases (NCDs)in China and provide suggestions on designing relevant health policies in the ur-banization process.Methods:We obtained health-related data from China Health and Retirement Longi-tudinal Study (CHARLS)201 1 .This study used multistage sampling in design stage and covered 1 50 districts/counties,representative at the levels of the country.Geo-information system (GIS)method was used to get district areas data,and in combination with the Sixth National Census population data,we computed the population density which was regarded as the proxy variable of urbanization level in every city.The Logistic model was used to explore the effect of urbanization level on hypertension,diabetes, smoking,drinking,overweight and obesity.Results:Compared with other cities in China,Shanghai and Shenzhen,with the population density of more than 3 000 people per km2 ,were the cities with highest urbanization level.From the map of urbanization distribution across China,it was found that the urbani-zation levels of the northwestern districts were lower than those of the southeastern and coastal districts. The hypertension rate increased with the development of urbanization but there was no statistical signifi-cance.The proportion of patients with diabetes went up first and then saw a decrease trend in the process of urbanization.Drinking rate,overweight rate and obesity rate had similar trends,falling to their lowest point when urbanization level equaled 737,1 1 86 and 1 353 people per km2 respectively and then ex-perienced upward trends.By contrast,smoking rate declined first and then went up (the turning point was 1 029 people per km2 ).Conclusion:Different urbanization levels have different effects on NCDs, health-related behavior,overweight and obesity.Low urbanization level may create negative impact on health while high level can pose positive effect and increase people’s health condition possibly due to the improvement of health care accessibility and the quality of living environment.Policy-makers should spe-cially focus on different residents’health problems in different periods of urbanization,such as the impact of environmental pollution,health resources’allocation and accessibility of health services.It is necessa-ry to reduce or avoid the negative effect of urbanization on NCDs during the local development process to face the NCDs’threat.