OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of skin layers(stratum corneum and dermis)on the percutaneous absorption of drug.METHODS:We chose hydroquinone(HQ)as a model drug and carried out in vitro permeation experiment with Franz device.The in vitro transdermal permeation was compared between HQ plus isopropyl myristate(IPM)and HQ alone.RESULTS:The permeability coefficient(Kp)of HQ via split skin was 3.29 times larger than that via whole skin layer.The permeability was enhanced 4.95 times(whole skin layer)and 7.49 times(skin without stratum corneum)respectively when coexisting with IPM via intact or via split skin.CONCLUSION:These data and methods represent a novel approach to evaluate the effects of skin damage and skin disease on drug percutaneous absorption.

Acute leukemia is a common malignancy tumor in children. Hemorrhage is one of the common symptoms and causes of death. The abnormality of platelet count, quality and function can cause bleeding. The understanding of platelet function and platelet parameters can provide an important clinical information for children with acute leukemia in evaluating the effect of treatment,the function of bone mar-row and the prevention of bleeding and so on.

Aim To investigate the influence of skin layers ( st ratum corneum and viable layer) on the percutaneous absorption of drug with or w ithout isopropyl myristate (IPM). Methods We chose theophylline (TP ) as a model drug. Patches containing saturated concentration of TP were prepare d. The in vitrotransdermal permeation experiment via different rat skin lay ers was carried out. Results The Kp of TP via stripped skin was 2.1 times larger than that via intact skin. The permea bility was en hanced when coexisted with IPM either via intact skin or via stripped skin. Conclusion IPM can significantly enhance the percutaneous absorption of TP via different skin layers. And these data and methods represent a novel appr oach to evaluate the effects of skin damage and skin disease on drug percutaneou s absorption.

Aim To observe the inhibition of myeloperioxidase(MPO) activity in rat colitis by oral administration of HPMCP-coated chitosan capsule filled with dexamethasone(DSP) liposome lyophilized powder.Method The rat colitis was induced with the coloclysis of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS),and then methods were established for quantifying MPO in colon tissue and the ratio of rat colon weight/rat body weight(C/B),which were chosen as the index of colitis degree.These indexes were used to evaluate the inhibiting action of various DSP dosage forms on MPO in colon tissue after their oral administration.Results The observed MPO in colon tissue reached the max on the fifth day with the coloclysis of TNBS.All the experimented DSP preparations could effectively inhibit MPO activity,while DSP lyophilized liposome capsule had the most effectiveness.Conclusion DSP lyophilized liposome chitosan capsule may be more helpful in treating colitis than DSP powder chitosan capsule and its other dosage forms.Hence,it is worth studying further.

[Objective] To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the disorder of learning and memory in rats with vascular dementia (VD) and to explore its molecular mechanism. [Methods] Among 60 male SD rats, 10 rats were in sham-operation group and the other 50 rats were used to establish models of global ischemia and reperfusion by four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) method. Then the survival model rats were randomized into EA group (n = 14) , model group (n = 13) and nimotop group (n = 13). EA group was treated with EA at points of Baihui (GV20) and Dazhui (GV14) , nimotop group with nimotop 12 mg/kg, and sham-operation group and model group did not receive any treatment. After a 20-day treatment, the changes of learning and memory behavior in rats were detected by Morris water maze, as well as the protein expression and mRNA expression of heme oxygenase (HO) . [Results] The escape latent period, HO-1 protein expression and HO-1 mRNA-expression were increased obviously in model rats ( P 0.05). [Conclusion] EA can improve the learning and memory behavior in rats with VD and this may be related to the decrease of HO-1 protein expression and HO-1 mRNA-expression in cortex and hippocampal neurons.

Objective To report the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic internal fixation by using anchor for tibial eminence fracture.Methods From January 2004 to January 2005,12 cases of tibial eminence were treated by arthroscopy with anchor fixation.Rehabilitation therapy was carried out after the operation.Results The mean operation time was 41 minutes(range 37 to 47).No patient had postoperative complications.They were followed up for 15 to 27 months(mean,23 months).The postoperative Lysholm score ranged from 91 to 98 with a mean of 93.The patients could extend the knee in a normal range,without pain or locking.Conclusion Arthroscopic internal fixation using anchor is a safe,simple,and effective treatment for patients with tibial eminence fracture.

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on long-term potentiation(LTP),calmodulin(CaM) and calmodulin protein kinase Ⅱ(CaMPKⅡ) mRNA expression in vascular dementia rats.Methods Seventy SD rats,half in male and aged 2 months,were randomized into 5 groups: normal group(N =14),pseudo-operation group(N = 14),EA group(N = 12),western medicine group(N = 12),and model group(N =12).EA group were given acup uncture on Baihui(GV20),Dazhui(GV14) and Shenshu(BL23),and western medicine group were given nimoldipine 12 mg.kg-1.d-1.The normal group,model group and pseudo-operation group were fed routinely without any medication.Escape latency and frequency of rats crossing the quadrant of the platform in Morris water maze,in-vivo hippocampal LTP,and neuronal CaM and CaMPKⅡ mRNA expression were observed.Results Compared with the model group,escape latency was shortened,frequency of rats crossing the original and left quadrants of the platform rised,LTP amplitude and duration increased,and neuronal CaM and CaMPKⅡ mRNA expression enhanced in EA group and western medicine group(P

Objective To study the effects of podophyllotoxin solid lipid nanoparticles (POD-SLN) on the proliferation of human epidermal cells in vitro. Methods POD-SLN was prepared by using microemulsion technique, the morphology of POD-SLN was examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM), and its particle size and Zeta potential were studied by Zetasizer analyzer. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine the entrapment efficiency of podophyllotoxin (POD) in the nanoparticles, and its stability was observed. Human epidermal cells were treated with different concentrations (0.1-1 000 ?g/L) of POD-SLN, and the proliferation of human epidermal cells was studied at different time points after exposure (6h, 12h, 24h, 48h). The cytotoxic effects of POD-SLN, POD liposome, free POD, blank solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and control groups on human epidermal cells were assessed using a colorimetric MTT cell viability assay. Results POD-SLN displayed spherical or elliptical in shape, and it was stable. The average particle size of POD-SLN was 87.2?10.3nm, Zeta potential was 25.3?0.8mv and the entrapment efficiency of POD in the nanoparticles was 83.2%?2.5%. POD-SLN inhibited the proliferation of human epidermal cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. At the same concentration, the effect of PDP-SLN on anti-proliferation was stronger than that of POD liposome and POD. The inhibition of human epidermal cells after 48h exposure to PDP-SLN, POD liposome, and POD reached 91.05%, 77.02% and 68.46% respectively, at the highest concentration of 1000?g/L, and the IC50 were 2.11?g/L, 16.65?g/L and 101.42?g/L, respectively. Blank SLN had no effect on the proliferation of human epidermal cells. Conclusion This formulation and technology are stable and practical. POD-SLN can significantly inhibit the proliferation of human epidermal cells in vitro and the inhibitory effect was better than that of POD liposome and POD.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of the clinical outcome of patients with femoral neck fracture after operation .Methods 180 patients with femoral neck fractures were chosen ,the clinical data were statistical analyzed,recording body condition of concurrent disease and preoperative in all patients gender ,age,level of hemoglobin ,serum albumin level ,injured time and operation time interval of time ,before the operation , The influence of clinical outcome in patients of 1 years after fracture of neck was analyzed .Results The death patients and survival between patients with concurrent disease (89.6% vs 10.4%),physical status classification (84.9% vs 15.1%), hemoglobin(98.4%vs 1.6%),serum albumin level(98.9% vs 1.1%) and total lymphocyte number (96.6% vs 3.4%) had statistical significance(χ2 =7.227,13.855,16.201,6.678,4.649,all P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis ,concurrent disease ,>2 physical status classification in the grade ⅢorⅣ,level of hemoglobin <100g/L,level of serum albumin <35g/L and total lymphocyte number <1.5 ×109/L were risk factors of clinical out-come of femoral neck after surgery .Conclusion Concurrent disease ,physical status classification ,hemoglobin levels , serum albumin level and total lymphocyte number are clinical risk factors increased mortality for patients with fracture of neck of femur .

[Objective]To discuss incidence of nerve root stretch injury and threshold value of traction injury in lumbar interbody fusion from posterior rout approach. [Method]Totally patients were treated by lumbar interbody fusion performed with posterior approach using the safe nerve root retractor,the force of dragging nerve root and the retracting time were showed on the display device,while the latency and amplitude of the DSEP wave were measured with Keypoint to monitor the status of the neural function.JOA scores were followed up 10 days,1 month,3 months and 12 months after operation respectively.[Result]Nineteen cases occurred latency prolongation and wave amplitude digression during the operation,when the tensile strength to nerve root was(4.1? 0.45) N and accumulating strength was(42.89?2.96) N*min.The tensile force of aggravation groups exceed stable and improvement groups obviously,incidence of FBSS was higher than the other two groups.[Conclusion]Stretch injury of nerve root during operation is the main cause of earlier period FBSS after interbody fusion.Master single tensile force less than(4.1? 0.45) N or accumulating strength less than(42.89?2.96) N*min is presumed safety.