Clinical manifestations thoracoscopy findings,and pathological findings of 54 patients with tuberculous pleural effusion were reported.The gross appearance of pleural lesions under direct vision with thoracoscope can be divided into three types:(A) tuberculous nodules in 34 cases,all of them were proved by pathological examination;(B) Inflammatory reaction type in 14 cases,in whom rate of positive pathology was 78.5% (11/14);(C) pleural hyperplasia and adhesion type in 6 cases,and rate for positive pathology was 66.7% (4/6).Of these 54 patients,the overall rate for positive pathoiogy was 00.75% (49/54).The diagnosis and pathogenesis of tuberculous effusion were discussed.The presence of characteristic tuberculous nodules on the pleura with specific pathological finbings suggets that direct invasion of pleura by tubercle bacilli may play a more important role than pleural allergic reaction in the pathogenesis of tuberculous pleural effusion.

AIM: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence, and safety of capecitabine tablet in cancer patients following single oral administration. METHODS: Based on an open-randomized two-period crossover designation, subjects were orally given capecitabine tablet (test or reference products, 0.6 g single dosage). Blood samples were then collected and the plasma concentrations of capecitabine and its active metabolite, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were examined by HPLC-MS/MS. The bioequivalence between the test and reference formulations were evaluated with the pharmacokinetic parameters determined by the Phoenix WinNonlin 7.0 software. RESULTS: The numbers of the major pharmacokinetic parameters in patients treated with test and reference products were similar. To analyze the numbers of Cmax, tmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, the 90% confidence interval (CI) for Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were 84.48-106.70, 93.03-96.54 and 96.34-102.84, respectively. For the 5-FU, the 90%CI of the for Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were 84.32-99.67, 90.55-98.76 and 96.99-103.48, respectively. Both sets of numbers fell within the bioequivalent limit ranges of 80.00%-125.00%. No serious adverse event was observed. CONCLUSION: The current data indicate that the test and reference formulations of capecitabine tablets were bioequivalent in cancer patients.

Objective:To investigate the effect and safety of sertraline tablets with oral administration in the diabetes patients com-plicated with depression. Methods:Totally 74 diabetes patients complicated with depression were randomly divided into 2 groups with 37 ones in each. All the patients were orally given dimethyldiguanide 500 mg,tid,and the observation group was given sertraline tablets additionally,50-100 mg,qd. The treatment course was 8 weeks. The changes of sugar metabolism and the scores of self-rating depres-sion scale( SDS)and quality of life scale( DMQLS)in the two groups were compared. Results:After the 8-week treatment,the blood sugar,SDS scores and DMQLS scores in the two groups were significantly improved when compared with those before the treatment( P<0. 05). The levels of FBG,2hPG and HbAlc and SDS scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the con-trol group(P<0. 05),while the scores of DMQLS disease,psychology,society and satisfaction dimension were significantly higher in the observation group(P<0. 05). The incidence of adverse reactions showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P>0. 05). Conclusion:Sertraline tablets can improve the depression of diabetes patients and enhance the blood sugar control and quality of life.

Objective To elucidate the effect of multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib on anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells in the presence or absence of metformin.Methods SW1736 and C643 cells were treated with sorafenib in the presence or absence of metformin for various periods of time.Cell viability was detected by MTT.Cell cycle and cell apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry.Caspase-3 activity was detected by colorimetric kit.Western blot was used to analyze pERK phosphorylation and cyclinD1 expression.Results Sorafenib inhibited the growth of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells and induced cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis.The EC50 of sorafenib in SW1736 and C643 was 3.68 μmol/L and 4.87 μmol/L respectively.After sorafenib ± metformin treatment,the caspase3 activity was 131.5 ％ and 278.0％ (P＜0.01) in SW1736 cells,127.2％ and 196.6％ (P＜0.01) in C643 cells.On the molecular level,sorafenib inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and decreased the expression of cyclinD1.Metformin amplified the growth inhibitory effect of sorafenib on anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells.The cell viability was 0.76 ± 0.17 and 0.30 ± 0.04 (P＜0.01) in SW1736 cells,0.72 ± 0.09 and 0.34 ± 0.10 (P＜0.001) in C643 cells after 2.5 μmol/L sorafenib without or with 5 mmol/L metformin treatment.Conclusions The combination of sorafenib and metformin may be a potent strategy for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and other advanced cancers.

Corneal transplantation has been considered a primary method for treatment of keratopathy. Corneal transptantation would bring immunological rejection although cornea belongs to an immune-privileged tissue owing to no vessels and lymphatic vessels. Immunological rejection is highly likely to occur in keratopathy patients who undergo large sizes of corneal transplantation or present with newly formed vessels in the center of implant. Many patients have to replace other implants because of immunological rejection. But severer immunological rejection caused by several corneal transplantations as well as rare donor source can not satisfy patients' requirement. Therefore, much attention has been paid to studies regarding drugs for immunologic protection following surgery. There have been many clinical studies confirming that the principle drugs against immunologic rejection, such as glucocorticoid and ciclosporin A, can not acquire satisfactory curative effects and concomitantly bring many adverse reactions. For this reason, many new immunosuppressive agents should be investigated. The method of drug combination has become an important research project for keratopathy physicians.

The article reviewed the update to thyroidology from January 20ll,introducing the recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules,thyroid cancers,and Graves ophthalmopathy.Meanwhile several guidelines related to thyroid diseases published during this period were also evaluated.

OBJECTIVE:To explore regularity and characteristics of ADR in our hospital,and to provide reference for ratio-nal drug use in the clinic. METHODS:A total of 368 ADR collected from Zhengzhou People's Hospital during 2013-2014 were an-alyzed statistically in respects of patient's gender,age,drug types,route of administration,dosage form,organs or systems in-volved in ADR,clinical manifestations,ADR outcome,etc. RESULTS:Of 368 ADR reports,female was more than male (52.99% vs. 47.01%);the number of patients aged more than 50 years was the most(36.14%);most of ADR cases were induced by antibiotics and TCM preparations,accounting for 40.22%,21.47%,respectively;among route of administration,most of ADR cases were induced by intravenous administration (85.60%);main clinical manifestations were lesion of skin and its appendants (39.95%),followed by digestive system (21.47%). After treatment,all patients were cured or improved,no death case was found. CONCLUSIONS:Clinic should strengthen ADR monitoring and analysis and evaluarion,strengthen the rational use of anti-biotics and TCM injections and adopt measures to reduce drug risk.

ObjectiveTo study the expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-?1),platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1,CD31) in prostate cancer tissues and their correlation with prostate specific antigen (PSA) values and TNM staging.MethodsUsing immunohistochemical method 36 prostate cancer specimens were tested for TGF-?1 expression, and using CD31 for marking vascular endothelial cells,the tumor microvascular density (MVD) was counted. Twelve normal tissue specimens were taken from the non-tumorous tissues adjacent to the prostate cancer as controls. The correlation of TGF-?1 expression and MVD with PSA values,TNM staging,pathologic grading and bone metastasis was analyzed in combination with the clinical data.ResultsThe positive expression rate of TGF-?1 in prostate cancer was 88.89%(32/36),while it was 16.67%(2/12)in controls, showing statistically significant difference between them ( P 20 ng/ml, MVD was (81.5?12.2) mm 2 ( P 20 ng/ml,23 cases had the TGF-?1 expression rate of 100% ( P

AIM:The polysaccharides of Hedyotis difusa Willd of different sources were extracted and its content and composition of the polysaccharide was analyzed. METHODS: The microwave was employed for the aqueous extract of Hedyotis difusa Willd and the content of total sugar was determined by phenol-sulfur test,the monosaccharides composition was determined by HPLC with pre-column derivatization. RESULTS: The polysaccharide obtained from the samples of Guangdong Province had the highest content.The analytic data showed that the composition of monosaccharides in hydrolytic polysaccharides of Hedyotis difusa Willd were mannose,glucose,galactose,arabinose and rhamnose,the average content of polysaccharides was 9.82%. CONCLUSION: The HPLC method with pre-column derivatization is appropriate for the analysis of monosaccharide composition of Hedyotis difusa Willd polysaccharides and the method is simple,quick and accurate.

Genechip was applied to explore gene expression profile of islets in rats at various stages of pregnancy. Compared with the normal control group, differential expressions of hundreds of genes were detected during pregnancy. Reg3α gene expression was markedly increased during pregnancy, which may be related to islet regeneration.