In-stent restenosis after stenting is a major problem to perplex the minimally invasive interventional treatment and development in atherosclerotic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.Intravascular inflammatory response is one of the important causes for restenosis after stenting in which as represented by interleukins,the cytokines play complex and variable roles.This article reviews the effects of the expression levels of interleukins on vascular endothelial hyperplasia and the incidence of in-stent restenosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1 expression on oxygenglucose deprivation (OGD)-induced apoptosis in cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons and its possible mechanisms.Methods Primary rat cerebellar granule neurons were cultured for 7 to 8 days,and then treated with OGD.The activity of cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons was assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay,apoptosis was detected with flow cytometry,the expressions of NR4A1,caspase-3 and cytochrome c were determined by Western blot analysis,NR4A1 mRNA expression was detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction.The rat cerebellar granule neurons were transfected with lentiviral vector-encoding rat NR4A1.The apoptotic rates and expressions of caspase-3 and cytochrome c in rat cerebellar granule neurons transfected with NR4A1 were detected after OGD.Results The activity of rat cerebellar granule neurons decreased significantly,the apoptotic rate increased significantly,the expressions of NR4A1 mRNA and protein as well as caspase-3 and cytochrome c incrased significantly along with the OGD time.NR4A1 was overexpressed,apoptosis rate was significantly reduced in rat cerebellar granule neurons transfected with NR4A1.The expressions of caspase-3 and cytochrome c were significantly reduced in the rat cerebellar granule neurons transfected with NR4A1 after OGD.Conclusions NR4A1 overexpression may reduce OGD-induced apoptosis in rat cerebellar granule neurons by downregulating the expressions of caspase-3 and cytochrome c.

Objective To compare the clinical outcome of unipedicular versus bipedicular vertebroplasty treating for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.Methods Sixty-four patients(68 vertebra)were divided into two groups by treated methods:unipedicular kyphoplasty group(33 cases)and bipedicular vertebroplasty group(31 cases).The Cobb angle and vasual analogue pain scale(VAS)were measured preoperatively and postoperatively.The operation time was recorded.Compared the Cobb angle,VAS and the operation time between two groups.Results Of unipedicular kyphoplasty group preoperative,24 hours and 3 months after operation,VAS were(8.42 ± 1.33),(2.21 ± 1.67),(2.09 ± 1.58)scores,the Cobb angle were(31.24 ±9.12)°,(14.21 ±9.21)°,(14.43 ±9.36)° ;while those of bipedicular vertebroplasty group were(8.36 ± 1.52),(2.13 ± 1.80),(2.00 ± 1.71)scores and(30.84 ±8.77)°,(13.94 ± 8.87)°,(14.07 ± 9.87)°.VAS and the Cobb angle of both groups at 24 hours and 3 months after operation were lower than those preoperative(P＜ 0.01).VAS and the Cobb angle of both groups were similar at the same time preoperatively and postoperatively(P ＞ 0.05).The operation time of unipedicular kyphoplasty group and bipedicular vertebroplasty was(45.00 ± 8.76),(72.00 ± 9.32)min,respectively,there was statistically significant difference between two groups(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Compared with the bipedicular vertebroplasty,the advantages of unipedicular kyphoplasty are as follows:less trauma,less operation time and less X-rays rediation accepted of the patient and the operator.And it has the similar clinical outcome with the bipedicular vertebroplasty.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of somatostatin and ileus tube for adhesive bowel obstruction.Methods From January 2008 to February 2010,ninety-one patients diagnosed with adhesive bowel obstruction were enrolled in the study.Patients were randomly divided into four groups:somatostatin + ileus tube group ( group A,n =22 ),somatostatin + nasogastric tube group (group B,n=19),ileus tube group (group C,n=23),and nasogastric tube group (group D,n =27).All cases received conventional treatment,including fasting,maintaining electrolyte and acid-base balance,enteral and parenteral nutrition support and antibiotics; Groups A and B received somatostatin 0.6 mg/day,groups B and D received nasogastric tube decompression.ANOVA analysis and x2 test were used to compare the variables.Results Group A had a quick recovery of flatus and stool compared with group D,[ (4.5 ±1.9) vs.(7.8 ± 1.7) d] (F =28.715,P =0.000).Abdominal pain and abdominal distension recovered faster [ (3.6 ± 1.5) vs.(8.4 ± 2.2) day ] in group A compared with group D ( F =23.857,P =0.000).Less amount of gastric drainage were observed in somatostatin-treatment groups [ group A vs.C:(632 ±102) ml/d vs.(1020±148) ml/d; group B vs.D:(410±86) ml/d vs.(590±97) ml/d] (F=11.687,P =0.000;F=10.399,P =0.000).The rate of laparotomy in group A was O,which was significantly less than the 22％ in group D ( x2 =5.571,P =0.018 ).Conclusions The high improvement rate in abdominal symptoms suggested the efficacy of somatostatin and ileus tube in patients with small bowel obstruction.The application of somatostatin combined with ileus tube improves the symptoms of adhesive intestinal obstruction and decreases the rate of laparotomy.

In recent years, here are many new understandings in the definition, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of transient ischemic attack (TLA).The latest viewpoint considers that TIA is a transient episode of neurological dysfunction caused by brain, spinal cord or focal retinal ischemia, without the evidence of acute infarction. The duration of TIA is no longer the key factor, whether the existence of infarction or not is the key factor in the differentiation of TIA and ischemic stroke. Therefore ,it should emphasize the importance of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of TIA. As a neurological emergency, the risk level of TIA should be stratified and evaluated, and the active interventions should be performed.

The article introduces the advances in the evaluation of transient ischemic stroke (TLA) and reviews them from four aspects, including identifying whether the symptoms accord with the diagnosis of TLA, which blood supply area the ischemia is located in, evaluating the pathogenesis of TIA, and predicting its prognosis.

Transient ischemic attack is an unstable cerehrovascular sign and a neurological emergency. The development of neuroimaging not only provides an important approach for insight into the understanding of transient ischemic attack, but also becomes one of the hotspots in the research of transient ischemic attack.

Objective To explore the clinical,endoscopic,pathologic and prognostic characteristics of primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) and to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment.Methods Sixtythree patients who were confirmed as PGL with operation and endoscopic biopsy pathology during January 2001 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed with respects of clinical,endoscopic and pathologic features.Survival analysis and prognosis were evaluated by kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard model,respectively.Results In 63 PGL patients,the numbers of male and female were 40 and 23,respectively,and the average age was (59.8±13.3)years.The major symptoms were abdominal pain,abdominal distension,and gastrointestinal hemorrhage,accounting for 47.6 ％ (30/63),17.5 ％ (11/63),and 17.5 ％ (11/63),respectively.There were 39 (61.9 ％) PGL patients with endoscopic performance for ulcers,34 (54.0 ％) cases involved the gastric stomach antrum.The most immunohistochemistry analyses were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (71.4 ％,45/63),followed by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (22.2％,14/63).The frequency of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) positivity was lower in patients with DLBCL than that in patients with MALT lymphoma (37.8％(17/45) vs 10/14,x2 =4.872,P=0.027).The accumulate survival rates of one,three and five years were 74.6％,63.5％,55.6％,respectively,and the average survival time was (41.5±3.0) months (95％ confidence interval (CI) 35.7 to 47.4 months) in PGL patients.There was no difference in the average survival time between DLBCL patients treated with surgery combined chemotherapy and those with surgery or chemotherapy alone (38.33±5.21) months vs (50.17±8.98) months vs (41.39±4.40) months,P＞0.05).The patients diagnosed as DLBCL with H.pylori positive had longer average survival time than those with H.pylori negative ((51.90±4.30) months vs (33.30±4.50) months,t=-4.004,P＜0.01).Conclusions Male patients with PGL are slightly more than female.Abdominal pain is the most frequent symptom.Ulcerative lesions are the most common endoscopic demonstrations mostly at stomach sinus.DLBCL is the most pathologic characteristic.There is no significant difference in the survival rate between patients treated with surgery combined with chemotherapy and those treated with surgery or chemotherapy alone.

The appliance of bilingual teaching of Medical Immunology offers an effective means of mastery and communication of the medical essential subject.This study has tried the bilingual teaching of medical immunology for clinical,dentistry and phylaxiology specialty students,discussed the model of bilingual teaching,investigated the teaching effect,analyzed and summarized the teaching experience.After the practice of bilingual teaching,we found that the feasible method of bilingual teaching to apply Chinese as the primary language and pervade English into the medical immunology course.

Objective:To compare the difference between the combined diagnostic effect of plasma Septin9(SEPT9) and polyligand Syndecan-2(SDC2) methylation with four serum tumor markers in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.Methods:In this study, 128 patients who were treated in the affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from March to December in 2019 were selected for a case-control study.All the subjects were examined by gastroenteroscopy.According to the pathological results, they were divided into three groups: colorectal cancer group( n=74) and colorectal adenoma group( n=7). The patients with no abnormal or inflammatory polyps or proliferative polyps examined by gastroenteroscopy were taken as the control group( n=47). The methylation levels of SEPT9 gene and SDC2 gene were detected by Roche Lightcycler 480 II real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 125 and carbohydrate antigen 199 were detected by Roche Cobas 8000 electrochemiluminescence instrument.Chi-square test was used to compare the positive rate of each marker in the three groups.Medcalc was used to draw the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve of the subjects′ working characteristic curve, and the value of each index in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer was analyzed. Results:The positive rates of SEPT9 gene and SDC2 gene methylation were 81.1%(60/74) and 67.6%(50/74) respectively in colorectal cancer group, and increased to 85.1%(63/74) after combined detection.The positive detection rates of alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 125 and carbohydrate antigen 199 in colorectal cancer group were 1.4%(1/74), 33.8%(25/74), 6.8%(5/74) and 13.5%(10/74), respectively.When the four tumor markers were detected together, the positive detection rates were only increased to 43.2%(32/74), except for AFP and carbohydrate antigen 125(χ 2=3.847, 2.430, all P>0.05). The differences were statistically significant (χ 2=48.230, 30.487, 43.285, 3.847, 8.788, 6.988, 8.722, all P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of SEPT9 methylation, SDC2 methylation, alpha fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 125 and carbohydrate antigen 199 were 0.854 (0.781, 0.910), 0.795 (0.715, 0.861), 0.575 (0.485, 0.662), 0.685 (0.597, 0.764), 0.603 (0.513, 0.689) and 0.631 (0.541, 0.715), respectively.The AUC of combined detection of two DNA methylation markers was better than that of alpha fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 125 and carbohydrate antigen 199, and the differences were statistically significant (alpha fetoprotein: Z=4.990, P<0.001; carcinoembryonic antigen: Z=3.743, P<0.001; carbohydrate antigen 125: Z=4.951, P<0.001; carbohydrate antigen 199: Z=3.983, P<0.001). The combined detection of two kinds of gene methylation was better than the combined detection of four kinds of serum markers in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=3.334, P<0.001). Conclusion:The combined detection of SEPT9 gene and SDC2 gene methylation in plasma is more suitable for non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal cancer than the combined detection of 4 serum tumor markers.