Insecticide-chalks impregnated with either one of the three kinds of synthetic pyre-throids (deltamethrin, permethrin and cypermethrin) have been used to kill bedbugs (Cimex lectularius) in our laboratory.The results showed that three kinds of insecticidechalks are all effective, cypermethrin being the best one. After contacting with the paper spread with insecticide-chalk for one minute, bedbugs were all killed in 24 hours (Table 1). In simulation experiments,after having crossed over a 0.6cm-barrier on paper traced with 18mg/g cypermethrin-chalk, 97.5% of bedbugs were killed in 24 hours, 100% in six days, whereas 100% of bedbugs were killed in 24 hours over a 1.2-1.8ern-barrier on traced paper (Table 2). The effectiveness of cypermethrin-chalk can last for more than 140 days, suggesting that it is highly effective against bedbugs. Besides, cypermethrin-chalk has no unpleasant ordour and is convenient for use.

Objective To evaluate the curative effect of laparoscopic Palomo operation compared with open inguinal varicocelectomy in children with varicocele, and testis development after treatment. Methods Data of 63 boys with varicocele were reviewed. The control group(n = 29) was underwent open inguinal varicocelectomy,the lap-aroscopy group(n =34) was underwent laparoscopic Palomo operation. The operation time,hospital stay,recurrence rate,and complications rate were compared between two groups. The boys in larparoscopy group were examined the diameter of spermatic vein and testicular volume before and after operation by ultrasound. All data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. Results The hospital stays and recurrence rates and complications rates were significantly different between two groups (P < 0.05 ) , but the operation time in two groups had no statisticd difference (P > 0. 05 ). The diameters of spermatic vein in larparoscopy group were decreased significantly after operation (P < 0.01). The blood supply for testis didnt decrease after operation,the operative lateral testicular volume grew faster than the contra lateral,and reached almost the same volume. Conclusions Laparoscopic Paloma varicoelectomy was safe and simple, brings a better effect for children with varicocele than open inguinal varicocelectomy does. The operative lateral testis would a postoperative compensatory growth,no testis atrophy or hypogonadism occurs.

Objective To investigate the clinlic therapeutic result of detenial sigmoid neobladder after radical cystectomy.Methods 20 patients with bladder cancer(18 males and 2 females;age range from 33 to 76 years) were admitted and underwent radical cystectomy and detenial sigmoid neobladder.Results All the 20 patients were followed up for a mean of 18 months(range from 6 to 48 months).The blood Cr and BUN levels were both in the normal range without acidosis in all the cases.Only 1 had unilateral ureteral urine reflux during cystography.3 of the 20 cases were incontinent,but 2 of the 3 cases could control urination by being woken up at night.The capacity of the neobladder was 230 to 500ml with a mean of 330ml and the maximal pressure of the neobladder during filling was 16 to 50cmH_2O.Conclusion As a simple operation the detenial sigmoid neobladder can be performed easily with less complications and more reliable results.This operation may be generally applied in clinical practice.

Objective To evaluate the toxic effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis(Bti)wettable powder against Ae-des,Culex and Anopheles larvae. Methods The biological assay was applied to test the lethal concentration of 50%(LC50)of Bti wettable powder against Aedes,Culex and Anopheles larvae. Results The LC50(s) of Bti wettable powder against Aedes albopictus, Culex pipiens pallens and Anopheles sinensis larvae were 0.104,0.160μg/ml and 0.324μg/ml,respectively;its biological poten-cies against them were 0.125,0.192 IU/ml and 0.389 IU/ml,respectively. The LC50(s) of continuous contact of Bti wettable powder with An. sinensis stageⅢlarvae for 1,2 d and 3 d were 0.324,0.092μg/ml and 0.032μg/ml,respectively,and its biological po-tencies were 0.389,0.110 IU/ml and 0.038 IU/ml,respectively. The LC50(s) of the bacteria against An. sinensis stageⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳwere 0.024,0.137,0.324 μg/ml and 0.450 μg/ml,respectively,and the biological potencies were 0.029,0.164,0.389 IU/ml and 0.540 IU/ml,respectively. Conclusion Bti wettable powder has a good toxicity to Aedes,Culex and Anopheles larvae,espe-cially for the latter two. It is better to apply the bacteria at the early stage of mosquito larvae.

ObjectiveTo observe the effectiveness of Responsar against Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles anthropophagus. MethodsThe cotton and nylon gauze absorbing Responsar solutions of 10,15 and 20 mg/m~2 (effective dosage) were used in the test. An. sinensis and An. anthropophagus raised in the lab were used as probational worms, having the knockdown power, lethiferous power and effective keeping observation. ResultsWith Responsar of 10,15 and 20 (mg/m~2) impregnating two different kinds of bednets, the KT_(50(s)) of An. sinensis and An. anthropophagus were between 3.98 and 7.30 min after touching the bednets. The knocked down mosquitoes were resumed breeding for 24 h, and the mortality was 100%. Touching nets 3 min, resuming breeding for 24 h, the mortality of mosquitoes was more than 90%. The nets hung for 180 d after impregnated with the insecticide and the knockdown power was still between 8.57 and 16.31 min for Anopheles vector, and resuming breeding for 24 h, the mortality was still 100%. ConclusionThere is strong deadly effect of Responsar to Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles anthropophagus, and the effect can keep more than 180 d.

Objective To explore the effect of different temperatures on the different development stages of Aedes albopic?tus. Methods The changes at different development stages of mosquitoes(egg,larva,pupae)and gonotrophic cycle were ob?served at different temperature conditions of 10,15,20,25,30,35℃and 40℃. The full developmental cycles were com?pared during different temperatures. Results All the stages of the mosquitoes could not develop at 10℃. Under the different temperatures of 15,20,25,30,35℃and 40℃,the hatchabilities of the mosquitoes were 0,32%,82%,83%,82%and 59%respectively;the pupation rates of the mosquitoes were 38%,53%,84%,88%,72%and 42%respectively;and the emer?gence rates of the mosquitoes were 92% 95% 97% 97% 83%and 17%respectively. The mosquitoes could well develop at 20 25 30℃and 35℃ the development time was 37.73 18.50 16.92 and 13.66 days respectively. Conclusion The devel?opment time of Aedes albopictus is shorter at the higher temperature. The optimum temperature for the mosquitoes to develop is between 25-30℃ and higher or lower the temperatures will suppress the development of the mosquitoes.

Objective To analyze the genetic characteristics of ribosomal DNA ITS 2 region for differenciating anopheline mosquitoes within Hyrcanus group. Methods The ribosomal DNA ITS 2 region of both laboratory line and filed collected An. anthropophagus and An. sinensis as well as the field collected An. yatsushiroensis and An. lester i were amplified and sequenced. The sequencing data were then analyzed for the restriction mapping using Omega Sequencing analysis program. Results and Conclusion The length of the sequences of An. sinensis, An. anthropophagus, An. yatsushiroensis and An. lesteri are 472, 452, 456 and 456 bp respectively. The restriction mapping showed that there were different restriction digesting sites among the ribosomal DNA ITS2 region sequences from An. sinensis, An. anthropophagus, An. yatsushiroensis and An. lesteri . On the basis of the sequence differences among the anopheline species within Hyrcanus group, it is possible to develop new technique for genetic identification of anopheline mosquitoes.

Objective To analyse the epidemic characteristics and control measures of malaria in Jiangsu Province during the past fifty years, evaluate the control effect and explore the current appropriate control strategy and measures. Methods The historical data about malaria cases and control measures from 1951 to 2008 in Jiangsu Province were collected, and the effects of malaria control in different stages were assessed. Results The integrated control measures with emphasis on the control of infectious source were adopted during the stage of two outbreaks of malaria. In the stage of basical elimination of malaria, the comprehensive measures with emphasis on the vector control in the areas of Anopheles anthropophagus were adopted, and the measures with emphasis on the surveillance of infectious source surveillance and early treatment of malaria in other areas were adopted. In the stage of consolidation, the measures including the surveillance of infectious source and management, surveillance of vector and epidemic situation, management of floating population, etc, were adopted. The malaria incidence dropped from 2 495/10 000 in 1960 to 0.09/10 000 in 2008, and was under 1/10 000 in all the counties of Jiangsu Province during the past 2 years, which demonstrated the various measures were feasible and effective in different stages of malaria. Conclusions Malaria has been controlled effectively in Jiangsu Province, however, the improvement of early diagnosis and norm treatment of malaria cases, the enhancement of health education and promotion, as well as the malaria surveillance and management among floating population, are still necessary for achieving the goal of malaria elimination.

Objective To observe the residual effect of Demand CS - impregnated bednets to Anopheles sinensis.Methods The numbers of adult mosquitoes which were knocked down at every minute after treatment were observed by using the enforced contact method recommended by WHO,and the mortality of mosquitoes tested after 24 h was calculated.Results The Kt_(50) of Demand CS - impregnated bednets with impregnations concentrations of 10,15,20 mg/m~2 to Anopheles sineasis were 21.40,16.20,15.70 min,respectively,and the 24 h mortality was 100%.The Kt_(50) of Responsar SC (12.5 % Beta - cyfluthrin) impregnated bednets with a impregnation concentration of 15 mg/m~2 to Anopheles sinensis was 16.06 min,and the 24 h mortality was 100%,too.Conclusions Both the Demand CS - impregnated bednets and the Responsar SC impregnated bednets can kill Anopheles sinensis.

Objective To understand the population,density,seasonal fluctuation and nocturnal pattern of malaria vectors in Jiangsu Province,thus to provide evidences for malaria elimination in this province. Methods Seven counties(cities,dis?tricts)were selected as the monitoring sites for malaria vectors in Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2015. The mosquitoes were cap?tured by human bait trapping in bed nets and mosquito?lured lamp overnight,and the seasonal fluctuation and nocturnal pattern of malaria vectors were observed. Results A total of 11 041 Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes were captured by the mosquito?lured lamps in 7 counties of Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2015,and no An. anthropophagous was found. Among all the 7 monitoring sites,the number of An. sinensis captured in Sihong County was the most(6 742 mosquitoes),while that in Xuyu County was the least(34 mosquitoes). During this period,the density peaks of An. sinensis were the first half of July,the first half of August and the second half of July. A total of 2 421 An. sinensis were collected in 7 monitoring sites from 2013 to 2015 by human bait trapping in bed nets overnight. Among all the 7 monitoring sites,the captured number of An. sinensis in Sihong County was the most(1 085 mosquitoes),while that in Ganyu County was the least(13 mosquitoes). The nocturnal peak of An. sinensis was from 19:00 to 20:00 and 525 An. sinensis mosquitoes were captured during this period of time,which accounted for 21.68%of the total. Hereafter,the captured number of An. sinensis reduced over time. Conclusion The density of An. sinensis mosquitoes is still high in individual areas in Jiangsu Province,so the epidemic and vector monitoring still should be strengthened to prevent the local transmission of imported malaria.