Objective To compare the analgesia effect of transversus abdominis plane(TAP) block and caudal block after radical surgery of Hirschsprung’s disease.Methods Sixty pediatric pa-tients,52 males,8 females,aged 1-3 yr,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective rad-ical surgery on Hirschsprung’s disease,were equally randomized into TAP block group(group TAP) and caudal block group (group CA).0.2% ropivacaine 1 ml/kg was used in both blocks.FLAAC scores were measured at 6,12,18 and 24 h after surgery.The requirement of sufentanil every 6 h, the first passage of flatus,the time of removing urine tube and the incidence of nausea and vomiting within 24 hours were recorded.Results Compared with group TAP,FLAAC scores and the require-ment of sufentanil were significantly decreased at 6 h after operation in group CA(P <0.05).FLAAC scores and the requirement of sufentanil were similar at 12,18 and 24 h in the two groups.The first passage of flatus,the time of removing urine tube in group TAP were significantly shorter than group CA(P < 0.05 ).The incidence of nausea and vomiting were not significantly different in the two groups.Conclusion Although both TAP block and caudal block can provide effective analgesia for the pediatric patients after radical surgery on Hirschsprung’s disease,caudal block provided superior anal-gesia at early stage after operation,however,TAP block is more beneficial for earlier recovery of bowl function.

Objective To systematically assess the safety of recombinant human interferon α1b(rhIFNα1b) as therapy for viral diseases in children,so as to provide on evidence-based medicine for the clinical treatment.Methods Randomized controlled trails (RCTs) of rhIFNα1b for viral diseases in children were investigated through PubMed literature retrieval service system,Science Citation Index,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,WanFang Database;RCTs were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Related data were extracted and the Meta-analysis was performed.Results Nineteen RCTs were involved,including 2 731 patients.In the overall,59/1 437 cases (4.1％) in the rhIFNα1b treatment group and 79/1 294 cases (6.1％) in the control group had adverse reactions.The Meta-analysis revealed that in the overall and in atomization inhalation subgroup,the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the rhIFNα1b treatment group than that in the control group [Z =2.18 (P =0.03),RR =0.71(95％ CI:0.52-0.97);Z =2.44(P =0.01),RR =0.53 (95％ CI:0.32-0.88)].But,there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the rhIFNα1b treatment group and the control group in intramuscular injection subgroup,and the test for overall effect was Z =0.78 (P =0.43),RR =0.86 (95 ％ CI:0.58-1.26).The incidence of adverse reactions of the control group was significantly higher than that of the rhIFNα1b treatment group in gastrointestinal adverse reaction [Z =2.20 (P =0.03),RR =0.60 (95 ％ CI:0.39-0.95)],and the incidence of adverse reactions of the rhIFNα1b treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group in nervous system symptoms [Z=2.09(P=0.04),RR =4.28(95％ CI:1.10-16.72)].Conclusion Compared with other antiviral drugs,the treatment of pediatric common viral diseases with rhIFNα1 b has good safety,low incidence of adverse reactions,and the incidence of adverse reactions through atomization inhalation can be lower than that of intramuscular injection.

Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of family rehabilitation on growth and development of children with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods 80 children with moderate HIE were divided into control group (n=40) and observation group (n=40). The control group received routine intervention and nursing, and the observation group accepted family rehabilitation in addition. Mental development index (MDI) and psychomoter developmental index (PDI) were compared when they were 3 and 6 months old with intellectual development testing, and their development quotients (DQ) were compared at the age of 1 year. Results The MDI and PDI scores were higher (P<0.01) in the observation group than in the control group when they were 3 and 6 months old. The DQ were higher (P<0.05) in the observation group than in the control group when they were 1 year old. Conclusion Family rehabilitation can promote the development of intelligence in children with HIE.

OBJECTIVETo provide the basal data for artificial cross breeding of Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza from 7 provinces in China and its 4 relatives.

METHODThe pollen viability was evaluated by TTC (2, 3, 5-triphenylte trazolium chloride) test and the stigma receptivity was evaluated by benzidine-H2O2 method.

RESULTThe pollen viability of S. miltiorrhiza from 6 provinces in China and its 4 relatives deceased during time of pollen shedding. Their highest pollen viability was in 2 or 3 days after blooming. But the pollen viability of S. miltiorrhiza (wild and culture) from Hean province in China declined with time after blooming. The most obvious variation of the pollen viability was in S. miltiorrhiza from Shanxi province (RSD 71.3% ) and the least was in wild S. miltiorrhiza from Henan province (RSD 12.4%). The highest average pollen viability was wild S. miltiorrhiza (72.3%) from Henan province while the lowest was S. yunnanensis (38.8%). The stigmas of all the accessions had receptivity when blooming. The stigma receptivity of S. brevilabra was strong in 2 to 4 days after blooming, while the others had less change after blooming. The life span of pollen grains and stigmas could be maintained from 3 to 5 days.

CONCLUSIONThe optimum artificial pollination time of S. miltiorrhiza and its relatives was 2 to 3 days after blooming.

China ; Christianity ; Chromosomes, Plant ; physiology ; DNA, Plant ; analysis ; Flowers ; growth & development ; physiology ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; pharmacology ; Plant Infertility ; physiology ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Pollen ; Pollination ; immunology ; physiology ; Polyploidy ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the nasal carriage of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci in children of < 5 years old in the following four cities, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Xi'an.

METHODSA total of 647 pneumococci strains were isolated and detected. Minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs) of antibiotics were determined by E-test. Disk diffusion test was used for the measurement of antimicrobial susceptibility.

RESULTSPrevalence of penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in the four cities was 41%, with Guangzhou (60.8%) ranking first, followed by Xi'an (45%), Shanghai (37%) and Beijing (25.9%). The majority of penicillin non-susceptibility isolates (23.9% - 53.8%) had a low level of resistance (MIC 0.64 - 1.5 microg/ml). The most sensitive antimicrobials in terms of percentage of susceptible organisms were amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (99.4%), followed by ceftriaxone (92.1%); cefurxime and cefaclor were slightly more sensitive than penicillin with susceptibility of 74.8% and 77.9%. Erythromycin, tetracycline and TMP-SMZ were highly resistant (83.6%, 82.1% and 76.2% respectively). Among erythromycin resistant isolates, 100% were resistant to azithromycin, 98.6% to clarithromycin, 97.2% to roxithromycin and spiramycin, and 96.6% to clindamycin. 97.2% (141/145) were typical of the macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramons B (MLSB) resistance phenotype, and 2.8% (4/145) were M phenotype. The group of PRSP was with significantly higher rates of non-susceptibility for ceftriaxone (18.4%), cefurxime (58.6%), cefaclor (53.4%), compared with the group of PEN-S (0.5%, 1.8% and 0.2%, respectively) and the rate of multi-drug resistance in the isolates of PRSP group (92.9%) was significantly higher than that of PEN-S group (59.2%).

CONCLUSIONThe rates of penicillin and multi-drug resistance among isolates of pneumococci carried nasally in are high children and the high prevalence of multi-drug resistance in the Chinese population may be becoming one of the most serious problems in this century.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; microbiology ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; drug effects ; isolation & purification

Alkaline amylase is one of alkaline enzymes with optimum pH in the alkaline range, and it could keep stability and efficiently hydrolyze starch under alkaline conditions. Alkaline amylase finds wide applications in textile, detergent, pharmaceutical, food and other fields. Alkaline amylases could be produced by alkaliphilic microorganisms. In this work, the advances of alkaline amylase production and applications were reviewed.
Amylases ; biosynthesis ; chemistry ; Enzyme Stability ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Objective:To investigate the effect of miR-200c-3p on the proliferation and apoptosis of nephroblastoma SK-NEP-1 cell and its mechanism.Methods:From January 2015 to August 2019, nephroblastoma tissue and peritumoral tissue of 30 patients in Shenzhen Children′s hospital were collected.The experimental group of mimic negative control, miR-200c-3p and miR-200c-3p inhibitor was set up.The expression of miR-200c-3p in 30 paired nephroblastoma tissues and adjacent kidney tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The differential expression of miR-200c-3p was also detected in SK-NEP-1 and 293FT cell lines.The effects of miR-200c and miR-200c-3p inhibitor on the proliferation, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of SK-NEP-1 cells were detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)and flow cytometry assays, respectively.Xenograft tumors were generated by peri-renal adipose tissue injection to assess the effect of miR-200c-3p on tumor growth in vivo.The pathological morphology of xenograft tumors was observed by HE staining.The proliferation index of Ki-67 were detected by immunohistochemistry.Western blot method was used to detect the B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2), Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax) and cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3(Caspase-3)expression level on xenograft tumors. Results:The expression level of miR-200c-3p in nephroblastoma(0.420±0.587)was significantly lower than that in matched normal kidney(1.500±0.504)( t=8.613, P<0.001). The expression level of miR-200c-3p in SK-NEP-1 cells (0.363±0.006) was significantly lower than that in human embryonic kidney 293FT cells (0.807±0.186) ( t=4.136, P<0.05). The group and time interaction results of CCK-8 proved that miR-200c-3p could inhibit the proliferation of SK-NEP-1 cells( F=16.81, P<0.001). The flow cytometer test of cell cycle and apoptosis showed that miR-200c-3p could block in G0/G1 and S phase( t=-7.770, P<0.01; t=11.501, P<0.001). Moreover, it increased the early apoptosis rate and decreased the late apoptosis rate ( t=-22.270, P<0.001; t=4.612, P<0.01). A orthotopic transplantation assay was employed to evaluate the effect of miR-200c-3p and miR-200c-3p inhibitor on the proliferation of SK-NEP-1 cells.The final volume of tumor miR-200c-3p group [(0.419±0.16) cm 3]was significantly lower than those in the control group [(2.469±0.914) cm 3, t=0.507, P<0.001]. However, the miR-200c-3p inhibitor group had no significant difference [(1.627±0.189) cm 3; t=2.209, P=0.052]. miR-200c-3p overexpression upregulated expression levels of apoptotic proteins cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax ( t=-47.000, -82.730, all P<0.001), but downregulated the expression level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2( t=53.740, P<0.001). Conclusions:The overexpression of miR-200c-3p can inhibit the proliferation, promote the apoptosis of the SK-NEP-1 cells and partially inhibited tumorigenicity of nude mouse acted as a tumor suppressor gene.

To explore the practical characteristic of Innovation and Creative Thinking course inte-grated with challenge based learning (CBL), Flanders Interaction Analysis System was used to analyze the class interaction of Solution Identifying and Implementation Context. It was shown that the class was con-ducted in open free and safe environment. Students were the center and involved in the class highly. Inno-vation and Creative Thinking course was helpful to nurturing the ability to innovate and create among nurs-ing students. The practical characteristic of this course will provide new ways to improve the innovativeness and creative thinking, which also will support the promotion of CBL in Chinese mainland.

Objective To investigate the current situation and influence factors of innovation ability of nursing graduate students. Methods A total of 270 nursing graduate students from 42 universities were surveyed using the Innovation & Creativity Effectiveness Assessment (ICEA) by convenience sampling between March 2016 and November 2016. Results There were 88.1% of nursing graduate students with a total innovation ability score of lower than 4 points, which was at a lower level. Ages, international conferences, other academic activities and the time of supervisors on supervising students significantly affected scores of innovation ability on nursing students(P<0.05). Conclusions The current cultivation situation of innovation ability of nursing graduate students was not optimistic. The cultivation of the innovation ability is a systematic and complicated program which acquires multiply strategies to improve students' innovation ability.

Objective:To clarify the transitional components in the blood of compound Banlangen Granules; To explore the mechanism of drugs in the treatment of epidemic encephalitis B, hepatitis and parotitis.Methods:The transitional components in blood of compound Banlangen Granules were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The regulatory targets and pathways of compound Banlangen Granules in the treatment of epidemic encephalitis B, hepatitis and parotitis were analyzed based on UPLC-MS/MS and network pharmacology.Results:A total of 9 blood components were identified, of which 8 were prototype components, including sucrose, o-aminobenzoic acid, uridine, adenosine, guanosine, indole-3-acetonitrile-2 murine-S-β-D-glucopyranoside and salicylic acid. Through network pharmacological analysis, it was concluded that compound Banlangen Granules may treat epidemic encephalitis B, hepatitis and parotitis by regulating lipid and atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, IL-17 and other signal pathways.Conclusion:The 9 blood components of compound Banlangen Granules may treat epidemic encephalitis B, hepatitis and parotitis by regulating lipid and atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, IL-17 and other signal pathways.