Endovascular therapy is currently applied in patients with infrapopliteal arterial occlusive disease.The occurrence and clinical significance of restenosis after therapy,as well as the safety and effectiveness of endovascular therapy in the treatment of infrapopliteal arterial disease were reviewed in this article.

Objective　To provide microanatomic basis for direct microsurgical operation on the region of Dorello's canal. Methods　The structures of the region of Dorellos canal were observed and measured on 30 sides of adult cadaverical heads under microscope. Results　①Dorello's canal was an osteofibrous canal composed of Gruber ligament, petrous apex and the lateral border of the upper part of clivus. The roof of Dorello's canal was mainly composed of Gruber ligament. The maximal distance from roof to bottom of Dorello's canal was 2.14 mm±0.70 mm. ②Abducens nerves passed through the lateral 1/3(56.7%) or intermedial 1/3(43.3%) of Dorello's canal to the cavernous sinus. The nutrient arteries of abducens nerves were originated from the dorsal meningeal arteries, and 83.3% of them traversed Dorello's canal by one stem, medially to abducens nerves. ③The point of abducens nerves entering cavernous sinus was 3.97 mm±1.83 mm posterior to the ascending portion of intracavernous carotid artery, 3.11 mm±0.95 mm medial to the Meckel's cave. Conclusion　In the region of Dorello's canal, the positions of abducens nerves and their nutrient arteries are steady, and they should be protected during operation.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of endovascular technique in treatment of acute arterial hemorrhage of abdominal organs.Methods Totally 159 cases (145 patients) acute arterial hemorrhage of abdominal organs were enrolled.All patients underwent emergency transarterial angiography.Endovascular treatment by spring coil,gelatin sponge,or covered stent were in 40 cases.The success rate of immediate and long-term hemostasis was judged by the postoperative radiography,symptoms and the changes of vital signs and laboratory results.Results The positive signs in angiography were observed in 47 among the total 159 cases (47/159,29.56％).Seventy-seven postoperative hemorrhage cases underwent angiography and 29 cases (29/77,37.66 ％) were positive,82 non-operative hemorrhage cases underwent angiography and 18 cases (18/82,21.95％) were positive.The difference was statistical significant (P＜0.05).Endovascular treat ment were performed in 40 cases (33 by spring coils,4 by gelatin sponge and 3 by covered stent).Hemorrhages were con trolled immediately in all the 40 cases after embolization and the success rate were 100％.Conclusion Endovascular tech nique is minimal invasive,and it is an effective method for treatment of acute arterial hemorrhage in abdominal organs.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the endovascular treatment of subclavian artery stenosis.Methods From January 2010 to December 2015,the clinical data of 93 patients with subclavian artery stenosis were analyzed retrospectively.All the patients were received angiography and endovascular treatment.Results The technical success rate was 97.9％.Clinical symptom remission rate was 97.8％ after the treatment.There was no procedure related death.During the procedure,limited arterial dissection was encountered in two cases.One patient had minor cerebellar hemorrhage.The follow-up time was 12 to 60 months.Median follow-up time was 36 months.Restenosis was occurred in nine cases.The patency rate of 5 years was 81.0％.Conclusions Endovascular treatment was a safe and effective treatment as the result of our data.It should be used as the preferred treatment of choice for subclavian artery stenosis.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for treating of hepatic metastasis. Methods From Mar. 2005 to Oct. 2010, 22 males and 14 females with hepatic metastasis were enrolled in this study. Mean age of the patients was 63±12 (42-82) years. Tumor size was (4.5±2.4) cm (min.1.5 cm, max. 12.0 cm). Totally 47 lesions were treated with single metastasis in 29 cases and multiple ones in 7 cases. All cases were failed to chemotherapy or could not stand for the side effect of chemotherapy. Contrast enhanced CT scan was given to all patients before RFA+TACE. For lesions with rich blood supply, TACE was given and then RFA. For those with poor blood supply, RFA was given first and then TACE. For multiple lesions, RFA+TACE was given one by one for each lesion. As for follow up, ultrasound and blood check was given monthly. Enhanced CT scan was given every 3 month. For residual lesions or recurrent lesions, RFA+TACE were given repeatedly. The whole patients was divided into two groups according to the image follow up including complete ablation group and partial ablation group. For complete ablation group, no further treatment was given. For partial ablation group, if it was not suitable for further RFA, repeated TACE was given there after. The end point of follow up was death event. Survival of the whole group and the two subgroups was analyzed statistically by Kaplan-Meier method. Results All RFA procedures was given under intravenous anesthesia and local anesthesia, no severe complication was noted. Lesions in 16 patients were completely ablated after single or multiple sections of RFA+TACE. Twenty patients were in the partially ablated group. Follow up time was 25±10 (10-40) months. Twenty-three patients died and 13 kept alive during the follow up time. The estimated median survival time was 27 month (95%CI: 24-32 months). Survival ration at 1, 2, 3 years for the whole group was 91.7%(33/36),55.5%(20/36),36.1%(13/36) for the whole group. The 3 years survival for complete and partial ablation group was 75.0%(12/16),5.0%(1/20),there was a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.01). Conclusion For patients with hepatic metastasis, RFA+TACE can effectively control the local lesion. Complete ablation is the key point for a better survival.

Objective To investigate the effect of catheter-based peripheral sympathetic denervation (CPSD) on peripheral artery sympathetic tone of New Zealand rabbits.Methods Twenty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into CPSD group and control group (each n =10).Endovascular radiofrequency ablation above the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta was performed on the rabbits in CPSD group.Norepinephrine was infused with continuous trans-arterial pumping in both two groups.And laser Doppler flowmetry was used to measure the peripheral microperfusion and temperature of right hindlimb of rabbits.The changes of the peripheral microperfusion and temperature before (resting state) and after norepinephrine infused (norepinephrine load state) were compared between the two groups.Results Eight rabbits completed the procedure in each group.The change of peripheral microperfusion between resting and norepinephrine load states in CSPD group was lower than that in control group ([-37.19±22.56]％ vs [-57.02％±10.12]％,P=0.04),whereas the change of temperature was not significantly different between the two groups ([0.35±0.50]℃ vs [-0.21± 1.83]℃,P=0.43),while significant difference was noticed when two rabbits with abnormal temperature change in control group were neglected ([0.34± 0.50] ℃ vs [-1.14 ±0.72] ℃,P＜0.01).Conclusion CPSD can be used to decrease the peripheral artery sympathetic tone of New Zealand rabbits,and may play an important role in relieving symptoms of critical limb ischemia.

Objective To investigate the tumor/ non-tumor (T/ NT) ratio during 99 Tcm-hydrazinon-icotinamide(HYNIC)-( poly-( ethylene glycol), PEG) 4-Glu( cyclo ( Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys ( PEG4 ))) 2 ( 99 Tcm-3PRGD2 ) SPECT/ CT imaging and clinical pathological features of breast cancer. Methods Forty-five female patients (age range: 39-76 (53.0±9.5) years) with suspected breast malignant nodules or mas-ses from October 2016 to June 2017 were prospectively enrolled. Patients underwent 99 Tcm-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT imaging before breast puncture and surgery. All subjects had pathological results, and estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2), Ki-67 and mi-crovessel density ( MVD) were obtained by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH). Two-sample t test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to analyze the data. Results Invasive duc-tal carcinoma was pathologically confirmed in 35 of 45 patients. There were 7 patients in stage Ⅰ, 11 pa-tients in stage ⅡA and 17 patients in stage ⅡB. The Luminal A subtype, Luminal B subtype, ERBB2+subtype, Basal-like subtype were found in 6, 9, 9 and 11 patients, respectively. The T/ NT ratio was signifi-cantly higher in the stageⅡB patients than that in stageⅠ+ⅡA patients (4.54±1.46 vs 3.32±1.72, t= -2.24, P<0.05). Patients with ERBB2+ subtype had higher T/ NT ratio compared to patients with Basal-like sub-type: 5.80(3.90, 6.70) vs 2.80(2.20,3.50), H= 11.06, χ2 = 15.31, both P<0.05. Besides, the T/ NT ra-tios in the HER-2 positive group and lymphatic metastasis group were significantly higher than those in the HER-2 negative group and group without lymph node metastasis (t values: -3.99, -2.51, both P<0.05). MVD of HER-2 positive group was higher than that of HER-2 negative group (t= 7.13, P<0.01). Conclu-sion The T/ NT ratio during 99 Tcm-3PRGD2 SPECT/ CT imaging has relations with TNM staging, lymph node infiltration and HER-2 in breast cancer.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy at 1-year follow-up of the use of drug-coated balloon (DCB) for the treatment of femoropopliteal in-stent restenosis (ISR).Methods:This study enrolled 252 patients undergoing Orchid DCB angioplasty for peripheral arterial disease in the femoral-popliteal segment. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Forty-nine patients were eligible, including 29 (59.2%) chronic total occlusions belonging to TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus-Ⅱ(TASC Ⅱ) D, 7 (14.3%) thrombosis, and 14 (28.6%) moderate to severe calcifications. The mean lesion length was (215.9±97.1) mm. 69.4% were of occlusive lesions (Tosaka Ⅲ category). Only 1 provisional stent was implanted. 98% patients had severe claudication or even worse. Of these cases, 34 (73.9%) showed improvements in Rutherford category, while 11 (23.9%) did not change and 1 (2.2%) case deteriorated. The average value of ABI was 0.478±0.264 before surgery and 0.907±0.207 at the end of follow-up. The improvement in Rutherford category ( P<0.01) and ABI ( P<0.005) were both significant. The primary patency (PP) was 80.4%, and the freedom from clinically driven TLR was 84.8% at 1 year. During the follow-up period, there was no all-cause death and major limb amputation. Conclusion:This multicenter study demonstrated the effectiveness of DCB as a treatment for complicated and extensive ISR lesions within 12 months.

Objective To measure the air-absorbed dose rate of gamma radiation in public areas for the situation of the local radiation environment. Methods Using a large-volume γ spectrometer system with a NaI(Tl) detector mounted on a UAV, we conducted large-scale airborne radiation monitoring in public areas in southwestern China, to measure the air-absorbed dose rate at a height of 1 m from the earth’s surface. Results The airborne radiation monitoring data were used to analyze the local radiation environment. The mean air-absorbed dose rate at a height of 1 m was 43.6 ± 12.9 nGy/h. Seven abnormal radiation points were detected, and two of them were located where construction was ongoing. At one of the abnormal radiation points, FH40G meter measurements showed that the air-absorbed dose rate at a height of 1 m was up to 22.0 μGy/h. Field soil samples were collected for HPGe γ spectrometer analysis: the ²³²Th radionuclide activity concentration was 96.0 kBq/kg, and the ²²⁶Ra radionuclide activity concentration was 9.9 kBq/kg. Conclusion Using the UAV-mounted large-volume γ spectrometer system with NaI(Tl) detectors for large-scale airborne monitoring is a fast and effective method for dragnet monitoring of the level of radiation in public areas.