BACKGROUND: Not only can auditory evoked potential (AEP) reflect electric activities of cerebral cortex and subcortex, but also have dose-effect relationship with many sorts of anesthesia agents; it is a relatively good index for monitoring anesthesia depth at present.OBJECTIVE: To analyze target controlled infusion propofol by auditory evoked potentials index during anaesthesia.DESIGN: Patients with operations were taken as objects in the randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Department of Anesthesia of Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical UniversityPARTICIPANTS: A total of 16 patients, with selective simply laparoscopic cholecystectomy, admitted to Department of Anesthesia of Southwest Hospital from October to November 2003, were selected and randomly divided into normal control group and auditory evoked potential index monitoring group with 8 in each group. The baseline information of the patients, such as gender, age, weight and operating time etc., was similar between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).METHODS: Same anesthesia induction method was conducted on the patients in both groups; anesthesia was maintained with propofol (10 g/L) according to ALARIS P6003 pump calculation in the two groups; age, weight and target concentration of propofol (4 mg/L) was regulated according to clinical experience, while, in auditory evoked potential monitoring group,the concentration value of propofol in effective site was regulated by maintaining auditory evoked potential index between 15 and 30. Non-invasive blood pressure, heart rate and AAI were monitored at the moment of reposing for 10 minutes after entering operating room (T0), eyelash reflex disappearing after anaesthesia induction (T1), trachea intubation (T2), 3 minutes after intubation (T3), boring abdomenal holes (T4), 30 minutes after aeroperitonia steady (T5), observer's assessment of alertness and sedation (OAA/S) ≥4 at the end of operation (T6).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of dosages of anaesthetia agents between the two groups. ② Changes of hemodynamics and auditory evoked potential index at each phase point. RESULTS: According to intention to treat analysis, all the 16 patients entered results analysis. ①Comparison of dosages of anesthesia agents between the patients in each two: The actual dosage of propofol in auditory evoked potential monitoring group was significantly lower than that in normal control group [(247.25±37.11), (337.38±36.72) mg, P ＜ 0.05], while the dosages of fentanyl and vecuronium bromide were no differences between two groups (P ＞ 0.05). ② Changes of hemodynamics and auditory eyoked potential index at each phase points of the two groups: Changes of hemodynamics at each phase points were similar between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05). Compared with T0 phase, there was no significant difference in auditory evoked potential index between the two groups in T1, T2 and T3 phases (P ＞ 0.05), however, in T4 and T5 phases, auditory evoked potential index in auditory evoked potential monitoring group was remarkably higher than that in normal control group (28.50±6.19, 21.25±4.06; 28.00±5.66,20.75±3.41; P ＜ 0.05). All patients had no awareness during the operation. CONCLUSION: Auditory evoked potential index is a new indicator for monitoring anesthesia depth, which can be helpful to regulate and control depth of anesthesia so as to avoid awareness and recall during general anesthesia.

To determine the treatment result of Adhesive otitis media, 105 cases(129 cars) were analysed retrospectively. Of them, 70 ears( 54 %) had a small air - room at the tympanic opening of eustachian tube, 12 ears had obstructed eustachian tube. The classification of adhesive otitis media and selection of proper measures were discussed. Further improvement of hearing was still a puzzled problem.

0.05). ② The depth of anesthesia: the value of AEP index in AEP index group was significantly higher than that in control group ( P

Objective To study the possible mechanisms of aprotinin in the protection of platelets. Methods Cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i) was determined in calcium fluorescent indicator Fura 2/AM loaded washed human platelets by using dual wavelength spectrofluorophotometer. The mean value of resting [Ca 2+ ]i and the changes of [Ca 2+ ]i response to thrombin and aprotinin were observed. Results In the presence of extracellular Ca 2+ at the dose of 1 mmol/L, the resting level of [Ca 2+ ]i in platelets of human was (151.840?28.719) nmol/L. Thrombin stimulated the rise in [Ca 2+ ]i in the presence of Ca 2+ at the dose of 1 mmol/L, and the effects were inhibited by aprotinin in a concentration dependent manner ( P

Objective To analyze the rules for acupoint selection of warming acupuncture and moxibustion in clinical treatment of knee osteoarthritis based on data mining technology. Methods CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, VIP, PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant literature about warming acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Database was built according to the search results. Association rules were used to analyze the rules for acupoint selection. Results Totally 189 papers were included, involving 189 prescriptions of acupuncture and moxibustion, 46 acupoints, 1270 times of acupoint selection. There were 1119 times of neighboring acupoint selection (88.1%), 151 times of distant acupoint selection (11.9%), 654 times of acupoint selection in yang meridian (51.5%) and 283 times of acupoint selection in yin meridian (22.3%). Conclusion Warming acupuncture and moxibustion in clinical treatment of knee osteoarthritis focuses on acupoints in Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming, Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin; the neighboring acupoint selection is the main method, combined with evidence-based distant acupoint selection; acupoint selection from yang meridian was emphasized.

Objective To study the methods and outcome of 71 patients with Parkinson's disease treated with microelectrode-guided stereotactic pallidotomy and thalamotomy. Method Pallidal and thalamal target sites are chosen by supervision of microelectrode recording technique in 71 patients with Parkinson's disease. The UPDRS motor score was used to evaluate the outcomes 12 weeks before and after operation Result After 12 months follow-up, tremor disappeared completely or nearly completely in 12 patients who underwent unilateral and l bilateral ventrolateral thalamotomy. Dramatic improvement of tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia were observed in 57 patients underwent posteroventral pallidotomy,including 6 underwent bilateral posteroventral pallidotomy. Intracerebral hemorrhage was observed in l patient. Conclusion Microelectrode-guided stereotactic pallidotomy and thalamotomy are effective in treatmenting Parkinson's disease, but with serious complications

Objective To investigate the effect of isoflurane on the spatial learning and memory in aged mice,and whether this is associated with the changes of Caspase-3 expression and apoptosis in brain.Methods Twenty-four CO57BL/6 aged mice(16 months)were randomly divided into isoflurane treatment group(Iso Group,n=12) and sham control group (Con Group,n=12).Mice in Iso group were exposed to 1% isoflurane in carrying gas of 30% oxygen,balance nitrogen in a warmed,humidified chamber for4 h per day for2 days.For Con group,animals were treated at the same condition with only carrying gas.After anesthetic exposures,behavioral testing was performed using the Morris water maze(MWM),and then changes of Caspase-3 expression and apoptosis in hippocampus CAI,dentate gyrus(DG) and cortex(CX) in brain were determined by using immunofluorecence staining and TUNEL staining.Results In hidden-platform training of MWM,the mean escape latency to platform showed no significant difference between the two groups (F=0.007,P=1.235),but the mice in Iso group showed obviously impaired retention of memory by spending more percentage of time swimming in the probe quadrant as compared to the control animals in the probe test((34.5±5.0)%vs(45.1±4.9)%.P<0.01).There was no significant difference in average swimming speed during the MWM testing trials between the two groups (F=1.537,P=0.241).A few Caspase-3 and apoptosis positive cells were found in hippocampus Cal,DG and CX regious,while no difference was found in the density of positive cells between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion 1% isoflurane repeatedly exposure significantly impaires the spatial reference memory in aged mouses,however does not significantly change the expression of easpase-3 and apoptosis in brain.

Objective To investigate the expression variation of kidney OATP-3 in rats relating to rocuronium metabolism in anhepatic phase and to primarily explain the reason of extrahepatic metabolism characters of rocuronium. Methods Twelve rats were distributed to 2 groups randomly with 6 in each: Group A (control group) and Group B in which the hepatic portal devascularization was performed for 60 min. Kidney tissues of the rats were taken. oatp-3 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR and OATP-3 protein by Western blotting. Results The expression levels of kidney OATP-3 mRNA and protein in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A(P

Ribavirin is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent and glycyrrhizin has activities of anti-inflammation, immunoregulation and anti-viral infections. To enhance antiviral efficacy and weaken side-effects of ribavirin, antiviral effects of the combination of glycyrrhizin and ribavirin were studied in the present study. Firstly, a mouse model of viral pneumonia was established by inoculation of influenza H1N1 virus. Protective effects of glycyrrhizin and ribavirin used alone or in combination against H1N1 virus infection in mice were evaluated based on the survival rate, lung index and virus titer in lungs of mice. Results showed that the combination of glycyrrhizin and ribavirin significantly inhibited the lung consolidation with a 36% inhibition ratio on the lung swell of infected mice. The combination of the two drugs exhibited synergetic effects on survival of infected mice. The combination of 50 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1) glycyrrhizin and 40 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1) ribavirin resulted a 100% protection for infected mice with a synergetic value of 36, which was significantly higher than the control group and each drug alone. This combination also resulted a significant drop of lung virus titer (P < 0.01), as well as inhibition on the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 (P < 0.01), TNF-α (P < 0.01) and IL-1β (P < 0.05) induced by virus infection compared to the control. The treatment of ribavirin plus glycyrrhizin was more effective in influenza A infection in mice than either compound used alone, which suggested a potential clinical value of the combination of the two agents.

Objective To explore the effects of diethylenetriamine/nitric oxide (DETA/NO)on capillary spasm and early brain injury (EBI)after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)in rats.Methods Sixty-nine male Sprague-dawley rats were randomized into three groups:sham group,SAH group and DETA/NO group.SAH model was established by wearing out the willis ring with thread and then Garcia neurological score was observed in the general animals.The expressions of alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA)and PDGFRβwere detected by dual immunofluorescence staining;nitric oxide kit was used for detecting brain tissue NO concentration.Changes in the hemoglobin-stimulated capillaries were observed in rat slices.Results Three days after surgery,neurological deficit score was remarkably improved in DETA/NO group compared with that in SAH group (P<0 .0 5 ). Immunofluorescence results showed that the expressions of peri-capillaryαSMA and PDGFRβwere significantly increased after SAH (P<0.05 ),and that DETA/NO could down-regulate the expressions (P<0.05 ).NO concentration was greatly reduced about 3 hours after SAH and then gradually increased;DETA/NO could maintain the concentration of NO at an early stage (P<0 .0 5 ).The capillary contraction was observed in slices perfused with hemoglobin;DETA/NO could alleviate capillary spasm.Conclusion DETA/NO can alleviate the severity of capillary spasm and EBI after SAH in rats.