BACKGROUND:VITA 3D Master shade guide is a newly launched colorimetric system in recent years, with a wide clinical prospect.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the significance of dentin colorimetric evaluation for accurate color section of cast ceramic prostheses.
METHODS:Using conventional colorimetric assay and conventional colorimetric assay combined with dentin colorimetric assay (combined colorimetric assay), 30 patients were subject to colorimetric evaluation 1/3 to the neck, central part, and cut end of the tooth. In CIE1976L*a*b*color system, a digital SLR camera (Canon D50) was used for colorimetric measurement and analysis of cast ceramic prostheses prepared with two colorimetric methods and teeth with the same name. And a variety of new colorimetric methods were analyzed based on examples.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the conventional colorimetric group,△L*was 1.22±0.16,△C*was 1.19±0.20,△H*was 0.31±0.05,△E*was 1.32±0.13. in the combined colorimetric group,△L*was 1.03±0.11,△C*was 1.12±0.19,△H*was 0.29±0.03,△E*was 1.23±0.11. Cast ceramic prostheses prepared by conventional colorimetric method were satisfactory in 22 cases, while cast ceramic prostheses prepared by the combined colorimetric method were satisfactory in 23 cases. There was no difference in patient satisfaction for color rendition (P>0.05), but chromatic difference analysis was significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05).

Objective To evaluate the effect of the noxious stimulation factor on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) distribution in dog spinal cord during propofol anesthesia.Methods Sixteen healthy mongrel dogs of both sexes,aged 12-18 months,weighing 10-12 kg,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =8 each):noxious stimulation group (S group) and control group (C group).Anesthesia was induced with propofol 7 mg/kg.The animals were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation.Right femoral artery was cannulated for mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse rate monitoring.Anesthesia was maintained with propofol infusion at a constant rate of 70 mg· kg-1 · h-1.5 ％ formalin 300 μl was subcutaneously injected into the central region of tails in group S,while the equal volume of normal saline was injected instead of formalin in group C.MAP and pulse rate were recorded before injection of formalin or normal saline (T1) and after injection of formalin or normal saline (T2).The dogs were scarified by decapitation at 50 min of continuous propofol infusion and cervical 2-3 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of GABA level in different regions of the spinal cord (frontal horn,posterior horn,intermediate zone,frontal funiculus,posterior funiculus and lateral funiculus) by HPLC.Results MAP and pulse rate were significantly higher at T2 than at T1 in S group (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in GABA level among the different regions of the spinal cord in C group (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with C group,GABA level in the frontal horn and posterior horn was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the other regions of the spinal cord in S group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The noxious stimulation factor can induce an increase in GABA level in the frontal horn and posterior horn of dog spinal cord during propofol anesthesia.

Objective: To explore the effects of glandular differentiation (GD) on the prognosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) in pT1. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathological data of 248 BUC patients in pT1, 82 of them with glandular differentiation as UCGD group and the other 166 patients with pure BUC but without histological variants as control group. Results: The prognosis was significantly worse in UCGD group than in the control group (P=0.007). In univariate analysis, lymphovascular invasion (HR 1.416,95% CI 1.120-2.254, P=0.013) and glandular differentiation (HR 1.367, 95% CI 1.115-1.853, P=0.038) were significantly related to the prognosis of the patients. In multivariate analysis, glandular differentiation (HR 1.462, 95% CI 1.138-2.393, P=0.007) and lymphovascular invasion (HR 1.348, 95% CI 1.052-1.944, P=0.022) were independent factors related to the prognosis of PT1 BUC patients. Conclusion: The prognosis of PT1 UCGD patients is significantly worse than that of pure PT1 BUC patients. Therefore, UCGD patients should be regularly followed up and reviewed after the operation and should receive radical cystectomy if necessary.

Objective To design a system that is many X-ray machines automatic operation,timely exposure to realize the sharing of power supply. Methods A circuit is designed based on the normal hospital conditions and go with proper control algorithm. The fifty-one series SCM were made use of in the hardware circuits,and validated by X-ray machine simulation tests which simplify the X-ray exposure to the process of relay controlling,which software is based on interrupt mechanism. Results The program could effectively control the exposal of many X-ray machines and the priority was indicated by the experiments. Conclusion Under the prerequisite of the system does not affect the exposure parameters of X-ray machine accuracy,the system can realize a number of X-ray machine's power-sharing,at the same time allow only a single X-ray exposure and use of the interrupted source. And it can make exposure many original X-ray machines can become closely related with high security,proper order and high performance,which has prominent benefits on areas with bad power and equipment conditions.

Objective To sum up our experience on the diagnosis and treatment of rare hepatic tumors. Methods The data of 25 patients with rare liver tumors admitted in our hospital from May 2005 to January 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The final pathologic diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia was made in 6 cases, and the diagnosis of vascular leiomyoma, hilar neurilemoma, intrahepatic aneurysm, biliary cystadenoma, hepatic hamartoma, biliary villous adenoma, and hepatic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was established in one each case, respectively. The diagnosis of angiomyolipoma in 2patients, primary liver gastroimestinal stromal tumor in 2 patients, hepatoblastoma in 5 patients and liver undifferentiated sarcoma in 3 patients was established. Preoperative ultrasonography, CT and MRI were performed in 24, 22 and 6 patients respectively. Preoperative tentative diagnosis was finally confirmed by pathology in only 3 (16.7%) cases, all by CT report. Preoperative diagnosis was consistent with postoperative pathology in 5 patients (20%); All patients underwent liver resection including hemihepatectomy in 7 patients, hepatic lobectomy in 7 patients, segmentectomy in 9 patients and tumor enucleation in 2 patients; There was no recurrence after resection of benign, low malignant tumors and hepatic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; Postoperative follow-up was made for all the 5 cases of malignant tumours, and there was recurrence in 3 cases. These 3 eases underwent second resection and there were no recurrences after reoperation. The two recurrent patients died with a mean survival of 4 months.Conclusions The preoperative correct imaging diagnostic rate for rare hepatic tumors is low. Surgery is the most effective therapy and reoperation should always be attempted for tumor recurrence in order to prolong survival.

Objective To investigate the effect of postoperative prophylactic transcatheter arterial Chemoembolization(TACE) on preventing recurrence in 54 high-risk patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods These 54 HCC cases were greded as high risk for recurrence and put on close follow up after radical resection.Risk factors included tumor thrombus,cancer satellite or multiple cancer nodules,postoperative high AFP level.Among them 42 cage (target group) received TACE,in which liver function was of Child A,and hepatitis virus replication was controlled in 1000 copies/ml.12 cases(centrol group) didn't receive TACE.The recurrent rate of HCC was compared between the cases with prophylactic TACE and those without through two years of follow-up. Result The recurrence rate of HCC was significantly lower in the cases with prophylactic TACE(19.O%) than those without(50%) within 1 year after the radical operation,and 2 years (52.3% vs 83.3%). Conclusion Postoperative TACE contributes to reducing the short-term HCC recurrence rate.

BACKGROUND:The ankle joint is capable of flexion and extension, including plantar flexion and dorsiflexion, to act as a support and a lever. An ankle injury, often accompanied by fracture and ligament injury, seriously threatens the ankle joint function. Previous diagnosis of ankle injury mainly relied on clinical signs and X-ray examination. However, X-ray examination is not accurate enough for ankle injury diagnosis because it cannot clearly diagnose damage to the surrounding ligaments, tendons and other soft tissues except for obvious fractures. Mutlisequence and multiplanar MRI is currently the optimal noninvasive method for high-resolution determination of soft tissue deformations, but little has been reported on the diagnostic accuracy of ankle ligament and tendon injury. OBJECTIVE:To observe the diagnostic value of MRI for ligament and tendon injury of the ankle in its normal position, and during complete plantar flexion and dorsiflexion. METHODS:It is a single-center, prospective, diagnostic trial that wil be completed at the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China. Sixty cases were recruited, including 30 cases of normal ankle joint and 30 cases of ankle ligament and tendon injury. MRI scans of the ankle joint in normal position, complete plantar flexion and complete dorsiflexion were performed in al the cases, and the multi-position MRI results were compared. The primary outcome measure is the sensitivity of MRI to ligament and tendon injury of the ankle during complete plantar flexion. The secondary outcomes include the specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio of MRI to ligament and tendon injury of the ankle during the complete plantar position as wel as rate of correct diagnosis;specificity and sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio in normal position or during the complete dorsiflexion as wel as rate of correct diagnosis;the morphology of the ankle on the multi-position MRI. This study design was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (03049423) on February 8, 2017. This study protocol has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital of China (approval No. 2015076) and wil be performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, formulated by the World Medical Association. Signed informed consent regarding trial procedure and treatment was obtained from each volunteer. DISCUSSION:This study aims to determine the rate of correct diagnosis of ankle ligament and tendon injury using the MRI, to clarify the diagnostic value of MRI for ankle ligament and tendon injury, and to provide a quantitative MRI diagnostic standard for developing a reasonable surgical treatment.

Objective To analyze the surgical treatment of pancreatic duct stones.Methods The clinical data of 46 patients with pancreatic duct stones treated in our hospital from January 2008 to January 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The most common symptoms were abdominal pain in 42 patients,diarrhea in 4 patients,diabetes in 6 patients,increased level of amylase in 4 patients,high level of CA19-9 in 9 patients and concomitant pancreatic cancer in 5 patients.4 patients had history of acute pancreatitis.All patients were diagnosed with pancreatic duct stones by preoperative imaging.The stones were located in the head of the pancreas in 21 cases,in pancreatic body and tail in 17 cases,and in the whole length of the pancreas in 8 cases.7 cases had single stone,28 cases had 2 to 3 stones,and 11 cases had more than three stones.21 cases had stones with a maximum diameter more than 1.0 cm,and 25 cases with a maximum diameter less than 1.0 cm.Pancreatic lithotomy plus pancreaticojejunostomy was performed in 33 cases,pancreatoduodenectomy in 8 and resection of the body and tail of pancreas plus splenectomy in 5 cases.6(13.0％) patients had postoperative complications,and there was no mortality.3(6.5％) patients had postoperative residual stones.39 cases were followed up with follow-up time ranging from 3 months to 57 months.Pain relief rate was 85.7％,Stone occurred in 2 (4.3％) patients.Conclusions Surgery is an important treatment for pancreatic duct stones,and treatments should be adopted based on the situations of individual patients.

Objective To evaluate the effect of atrioventricular nodal ablation and permanent pacing(AVNAP) or atrioventricular nodal modification(AVNM) in the treatment of atrial fibrillation(AF).Methods 32 patients with drug refractory AF were divided into AVNAP group(18) and AVNM group(14).The patients were measured the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) by the echocardiogram,tested by the 6 minu te walking test(6-MWT),assessed by NYHA function classification and the Mos 36~item short from health surrey(SF~36) before or after the treatments respectively.Results Mean follow up is 14 months.In AVNAP group,LVEF was increased from(47?9)% to(57?6)%(P

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a kind of molecular diversified neoplasm.For nonmetastatic early CRC patients who received surgery based systemic treatment,the 5 years survival rate is as high as 50％-80％.However,only chemotherapy is available for majority of metastatic advanced CRC patients.The effect of chemotherapy is disappointing.Numerous studies have demonstrated that some patients with metastatic advanced CRC can benefit from anti-EGFR and anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies.Here,we give a brief overview about the clinical research of the detection of KRAS,BRAF,MSI and HER2in guiding treatment with targeted drugs in metastatic advanced CRC