Functional dyspepsia( FD)is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder,its pathogenesis has not been fully clarified. Recent studies showed that gastrointestinal mucosal low-grade inflammation had been found in patients with FD,and impaired mucosal integrity,psychological factor and abnormal brain-gut axis may promote the inflammation formation,which may also contribute to the onset and persistence of FD. This article reviewed the advances in study on gastrointestinal mucosal low-grade inflammation in FD.

Objective To evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effects of heparin on dextron sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Methods The normal mice (n=16) which had been received DSS orally for 7 days were randomized into two groups, the preventive group with heparin subcutaneous administration, and the control group with normal saline subcutaneous administration. The DSS-induced colitis mice (n=16) were randomized into two groups, the treatment group with heparin and the control group with normal saline subcutaneous injection for 7 days. The preventive and therapeutic effects of heparin were assessed by disease activity index (DAI), histological score, TNF-? mRNA expression using hybridization in situ, and Martius scarlet blue (MSB) fibrin staining used to identify microvascular thrombi. Results Microvascular thrombi in the prevention group significantly decreased compared with those in the controls. Microvascular thrombi were positive in 4 of 8 controls, none in the prevention group (P=0.038). Histological score and TNF-? mRNA in the treatment group significantly decreased compared with those in the controls. Histological score of rectum and transverse colon, and expression of TNF-? mRNA in the treatment group and those in the controls were 1.33 and 1.85(P

Objective To study the effect of different cag pathogenicity island in Helicobacter pylori ( Hp ) from Chinese patients and various kinase inhibitors on Hp induced interleukin 8 (IL 8) secretion in Chinese gastric epithelial cells. Method Chinese gastric epithelial cells(MGC 803) were cocultured with Chinese clinical cagA +cagE +, cagA +cagE -,cagA -cagE +,cagA -cagE - Hp in vitro, respectively. At the end of culture, IL 8 protein secretion was assayed by ELISA. The effect of the inhibitor of protein kinase A(PKA), C, G, protein tyrosine kinase(PTK) was analyzed on IL 8 protein secretion in gastric epithelial cells by Hp stimulation. Results cagA +cagE + Hp induced IL 8 protein secretion higher than cagA + cagE - or cagA -cagE + Hp , but cagA -cagE - Hp didn′t increase IL 8 protein secretion in gastric epithelial cells. Further studies with gastric epithelial cell showed that IL 8 protein secretion induced by cagA +cagE + Hp was blocked by the PTK inhibitor herbimycin A but not by PKA inhibitor H7, PKC inhibitor calphostin C, and PKG inhibitor KT5823. Conclusion cagA +cagE + Hp significantly increases IL 8 protein secretion and it depends on PTK activation in gastric epithelial cells.

Purpose To investigate the effect of sensitivity on image quality and radiation dosage of digital chest radiography. Materials and Methods A total of 300 healthy people undergoing chest X-ray examination were randomly enrolled and divided into two groups according to body weight (150 people with normal weight and 150 overweight), which were further randomly divided into three subgroups (S200 subgroup with low-sensitivity, S400 subgroup with mid-sensitivity, S800 subgroup with high sensitivity, each subgroup contained 50 people). With other parameters unchanged, digital chest photography with different sensitivities was performed to each subgroup (S200, S400 and S800, respectively), and then uploaded the data to PACS and recorded mAs value and dose area product (DAP) value for each time. Then the image quality was assessed by three doctors in terms of mAs value, DAP, image quality score and noise score. Results In all subgroups of normal weight, differences on mAs and DAP were significant (F=1443.191-1829.895, P<0.05) whilst differences on image quality score and noise score were not significant (F=0.686-2.516, P>0.05). In all overweight subgroups, differences in mAs, DAP, image quality score and noise score were significant (F=163.358-290.656, P<0.05). According to one-factor analysis of variance, mAs value was S200>S400>S800 (F=0.626-3.210, P<0.05), DAP value was S200>S400>S800 (F=0.416-1.416, P<0.05), there was no difference in image quality score and noise score (F=0.001-0.100, P>0.05). In overweight group, there was no difference between subgroups of S200 and S400 (F=0.120-0.145, P>0.05); whilst differences between subgroups of S200 and S800 were significant, the same appeared in subgroups of S400 and S800 (F=1.655-2.360, P<0.05). Conclusion Radiation dose can be effectively controlled by regulating sensitivity with image quality unaffected. It is advisable to choose high-sensitivity photography for patients with normal weight and low or mid-sensitivity photography for overweight patients.

Objective To explore somatic symptoms of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) and effects of combined anti somatisation therapy on the quality of life in patients with FD.Methods Two hundred and nineteen patients with FD were enrolled.Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) and Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI) were completed,and the relation between them was analyzed.Lansoprazole,mosapride and flupentixol melitracen (the anti-somatisation medication) were taken for four weeks by 131 FD patients who had poor response to four-week conventional treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and/or prokinetic medication and who got more than 4 scores in PHQ 15.And then therapeutic effects were observed and the changes of NDI before and after treatment were analyzed.The t test,chi-square test,Spearman's correlation and linear regression were performed for statistical analysis.Results The total PHQ-15 and NDI score of 219 patients with FD were 5.7±3.4 and 42.0± 10.4,and there was positive correlation between them (r=0.493,P＜0.05).Stomach pain,headache,chest pain,dizziness,shortness of breath,fatigue,sleeping disorder,thirst and so on were positively correlated with totalNDIscore (r=0.262,0.230,0.241,0.243,0.352,0.385,0.266,0.281,all P＜0.05).Chest pain,stomach pain,shortness of breath,dizziness and fatigue were the influence factors of NDI (t=2.340,2.488,5.278,2.167,2.443,all P＜0.05).Among 131 patients with FD who received anti somatisation combination therapy,six patients did not complete the therapy because of the side effects,and finally 125 patients were enrolled and analyzed.Before and four weeks after the treatment,the total PHQ-15 scores of 125 patients with FD were 7.3±3.2 and 2.9±2.2,respectively; and the difference was statistically significant (t =12.653,P＜0.01).There were significant differences in the influence of stomach pain,headache,chest pain,dizziness,shortness of breath,fatigue,sleeping disorder and thirst before and after the treatment (not bothered at all,bothered a little,bothered a lot) (x2=39.231,6.796,6.693,15.520,6.698,51.572,44.390 and 16.506,all P＜0.05).The total NDI score before and after the treatment were 44.3 ± 11.7 and 29.2 ± 6.9,and the difference was statistically significant (t=12.503,P＜0.01).Conclusions The quality of life in patients with FD is affected by somatic symptoms such as chest pain,stomach pain,shortness of breath,dizziness,fatigue and so on.For FD patients with poor response to conventional treatment,the quality of life could be improved by the combination of anti-somatisation therapy and the conventional therapy.

One hundred and eighty two outpatients with functional dyspepsia (FD)were enrolled.The cognitive questionnaire and the short form Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI) were used for survey.Spearman analysis showed that the cognitions of symptoms affected by emotion (r =0.284,P =0.006),somatisation symptoms induced by other diseases (r =0.211,P =0.045),and fears of cancer (r =0.217,P =0.039) were positively correlated with NDI scores.Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that cognition of symptoms affected by emotion (β =3.709,P =0.009),somatisation symptoms induced by other diseases (β =3.259,P =0.020),need of hospitalization (β =4.533,P =0.006),and need of medication for several years (fβ =-3.207,P =0.029) were associated with NDI scores.These results suggest that the quality of life might be effected by cognitive factors,and the correction of cognitive mistakes may improve quality of life of FD patients.

Objective To explore the effect of phenol oxidase antigen on liver pathologic change in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Methods 42d-aged adult worms were incubated in RPMI 1640 containing 0.05% sodium phenobarbital for 8 h. The worms were washed three times with PBS (pH 6.8) and homogenized with a Teflon pestle. The homogenate was then centrifuged at 3000 g for 20 min at 4 ℃. Supernatant fractions containing phenol oxidase (PO) were analyzed by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The rude antigen of PO was obtained by cutting the corresponding gel of PO activities. Three groups were set up to observe whether PO could induce protective immunity: experiment group, adjuvant control group and water control group. On day 42 post infection with (40?1) cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum, the mice were sacrificed to observe liver pathologic changes. Results The liver surface of PO immunized group was rather smooth and the liver color was slightly gray. A few pale nods were seen indistinctly but not clearly. Necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were not clear. There were many immature eggs without granuloma reaction. The mean diameter and area of the granuloma in the experiment group were less than those in the control group. There were significant differences among the 3 groups (P

Objective To establish reference methods for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37℃ which have been published by IFCC and evaluate accuracy of reference methods.Methods Six reference methods for the measurement of catalytic activity of enzymes were established with two sets of apparatus systems of PE and Agilent according to International Federation of Clinical Chemistry(IFCC)37℃ reference procedures in two reference labs respectively.The commercial Roche calibrator c.f.a.s was used to monitor the precision of two reference labs as quality control material.Certified Reference Materials(CRMs)represented an efficient tool to assess the analytic performance for the verification of trueness and in two labs.The measurement accuracy of the assays for catalytic activity concentrations of 6 enzymes [alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine kinase(CK),gamma-glutamyhransferase(GGT),amylase(AMY)]was further verified and validated by international ring trial program.Results The within-laboratory variations of 6 enzymes in both of the reference lab were ranged from 0.5%-1.9%.Their results showed fully agreement with deviation less than 2.1%.The value of CRM was in the tolerant limit and analytic accuracy was verified.The results of four enzymes(ALT,AST,GGT,AMY)lay within (x)±s.However,the result of CK and LDH lay within (x)±2s.Except sample A for the LDH testing,we did not find any deviation variable in the detection of other enzymes.Conclusions The reference methods for the measurement of catalytic activity of enzymes(ALT,AST,LDH,CK,GGT,AMY)at 37℃ in the two labs by use of two sets of apparatus systems of PE and Agilent have been established and these methods showed excellent stability and accuracy.

Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of matrine on K-ras gene mutation colon cancer, and to clarify the inhibitory mechanism. Methods SW480 cells were treated with different concentrations of matrine. MTS method was used to detect the proliferation of SW480 cell lines. The apoptosis of SW480 cells was measured by flow cytometry. The migration of SW480 cells was examined by the scratch test. The expression of MEK1/2 protein was detected by Western blotting method. Results Compared with the blank control group, matrine (0.125-1 mg/mL) could inhibit the growth and proliferation of human colorectal cancer SW480 cell lines, promote the apoptosis, restrain the migration of SW480 cells, and inhibit the expression of MEK1/2 protein(P < 0.05), the effect showing a dose-dependent trend. Conclusion Matrine can effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of SW480 cells, and promote SW480 cell apoptosis through the down-regulation of MEK1/2 protein expression in MAPK signal pathway system.

Aim To explore the role of endoplasmic re-ticulum stress( ERS) in Astragaloside Ⅳ-induced car-dioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Methods A model of myocardial ischemia 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion was made by liga-ting coronary artery in male Wistar rats. Rats were di-vided randomly into 4 groups: sham group, ischemia/reperfusion group, ERS inhibitor TUDCA group, As-tragaloside Ⅳgroup. Myocardial samples were collect-ed from the risk zones during ischemia and reperfu-sion, ERS was determined by measuring levels of glu-cose regulated protein 78 ( GRP78 ) , an established marker of ERS with Western blot. Immunofluorescence study was used to test GRP78 intensity with laser scan-ning confocal microscopy, TTC method was used to measure the infarct size,hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the changes of morphological changes of myocardium. Results There was no statistical difference in GRP78 expression during ischemia com-pared to the sham group, but was markedly increased upon reperfusion. Astragaloside Ⅳ could mimic TUD-CA and significantly decreased the GRP78 expression, reduced infarct size and improved the morphology of myocardial tissue with a significant statistical difference compared with the control group ( P<0. 05 ) . Conclu-sions ERS is induced upon reperfusion but not during ischemia in isolated rat hearts. Astragaloside Ⅳ pre-vents myocardial reperfusion injury presumably by the inhibition of ERS.