f fibrosis-related factors in LX-2cells were significantly increased after co-cultured with QSG7701-HBx cells, which proved that HBx could induce fibrogenesis in vitro.

Objective:To investigate the role of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) in molecular mechanism of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods: Seventy-eight healthy female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=26): rats in control group received no treatment; rats in EAE group were induced with complete Freund's adjuvant and Guinea pig spinal cord homogenate(CFA-GPSCH); and rats in pyrrolidine-dithiocharbamate (PDTC) group received PDTC (100 mg/kg), a specific inhibitor of NF-kB, 1 h before and after(once a day for 7 d) CFA-GPSCH treatment. HO-1 mRNA expression were analyzed with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) on 1 d,7 d,14 d,and 21 d after EAE induction, respectively. The relationship between HO-1 and symptoms of EAE was also investigated. Results: The expression of HO-1 mRNA was very low in the brains of the control group (0.27?0.05), whereas enhanced gradually with onset and development of EAE in EAE group, peaked on d 7 (1.11?0.12), kept at a high level till d 14(1.06?0.18) and decreased on d 21 (0.37?0.1). HO-1 mRNA expression change was in parallel with severities of EAE. In PDTC group,the EAE symptoms were mitigated markedly and the expression of HO-1 mRNA reduced noticeably compared with that of EAE group. Conclusion: Brain HO-1 mRNA expression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of EAE,and application of some inhibitors of NF-kB may be one of the potential therapies for prevention and treatment of EAE.

A method was developed for the rapud screenung and confurmatuon of 18 perfluorunated compounds ( PFCs) and 21 precursors un fush muscle by solud phase extractuon and luquud chromatography coupled wuth quadrupole/exactuve orbutrap mass spectrometry (LC-Q Exactuve Orbutrap MS). In thus method, the sample was furstly extracted wuth acetonutrule-water (90∶10, V/V), cleaned-up by solud-phase extractuon usung Oasus PRuME HLB column. Then, 39 target compounds were separated on a BEH C18(2. 1 mm×100 mm, 1. 7 μm) column, and the background unterference caused by LC system was elumunated by a short C18 HPLC column located between the muxer and the auto sampler. In the process of quantufucatuon and qualufucatuon, a full MS/dd-MS2 experument was adopted un mass spectrometry acquusutuon, accompanued wuth the full scan MS date for quantufucatuon, as well as the date dependent MS2 product uon spectra for qualufucatuon. The mass accuracy error was less than 3×10-6, and the calubratuon curves were lunear well wuth correlatuon coeffucuent over 0. 99. The lumuts of detectuon ranged from 0. 02 to 0. 50 μg/kg. The average spuked recoverues for 39 target compounds were between 61 . 7% and 122 . 0%, wuth relatuve standard deruvatuons ( RSDs ) from 6 . 9% to 18 . 8%. The developed method was successfully applued to the sumultaneous determunatuon of 18 PFCs and 21 precursors un fush muscle wuth satusfactory results.

Objective To investigate the effects of intratumoral implantation of ~(32)P-CP-PLLA seeds on the normal canine liver tissue and to exolore the metabolism of ~(32)P-CP-PLLA seeds implanted in the liver of experimental dogs.Methods Twelve beagles were enrolled in this study.The dogs were randomly and equally divided into four groups:group A(185 MBq),group B(370 MBq),group C(740 MBq)and group D(0 MBq).By using laparotomy procedure ~(32)P-CP-PLLA seeds were implanted into dog's liver.CT scan was performed before operation as well as before the dog was sacrificed.All dogs were sacrificed three months after the implantation.Before the procedure and 1,2,4,8 and 12 weeks after the procedure the blood tests and serum biochemical tests were conducted.One dog from group B and group C was selected respectively and was fed in a metabolic cage.Within one month after the procedure the cpm in feces and in urine was determined every 24 hours.One dog was picked out from each of the three groups and was punctured to get its liver tissue for pathologic exam each time at 1,2,4,8 and 12 weeks after the implantation,and SPECT imaging was also performed at the same time.Pathologic study,both macroscopic and microscopic(including optical and electronic microscopy)was made to observe the liver damage after the dog was sacrificed.The statistical analysis was processed by using SPSS 13.0 software and the measuring data were expressed with mean±standard deviation((x)±s).Results Two months after the procedure,serological examination found that the serum alkaline phosphatase(BKP)in both group Band group C was significantly higher than that in other groups,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.05),and the BKP levels returned to normal in three months.The postoperative 30-day inspection of the urine showed that the radioactive particles slowly released into the body and eliminated from the body with the urine and feces,mainly through the renal excretion.The 30-day cumulative percentage of eliminated radioactive dose in the urine and in the feces was 6.34% and 11.64% respectively.No sign of particle displacement was found on SPECT imaging.On autopsy three months after the implantation,the size of the radioactive seeds became smaller and fragile.With the radioactive dose used increasing,the area of liver damage at the site of seed implantation became bigger,which was demonstrated on CT scan,macroscopic exam and pathologic study.The local damaged focus of the liver caused by ~(32)P-CP-PLLA seeds was manifested as a spherical lesion which was encysted by a layer of fibrous tissue with an edematous zone peripherally.Conclusion The implantation of ~(32)P-CP-PLLA seeds in dog's liver causes only localized hepatic damage with no general adverse effects.The implanted seeds can slowly release the radioactive dose and will not immigrate to other organs in the body.Besides,the seeds possess excellent stability,targeted orientation and safety.

The authors of this paper confirm the goal, factors and principles in arrangement of clinical practice, design a transplacement algorithm to solve the model, and after estimating the capacity to interns of affiliated hospital, make the schedule by that algorithm so as to relieve the relative short supply of good clinical education resourses.

Mycena subpiligera, a new taxon in sect. Fragilipedes that can strongly enhance the germination efficiency of Gastrodia elata seeds, was discovered in subtropical areas of China. As revealed by a morphological comparison with related Mycena species as well as maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA, the new taxon can be distinguished from phenotypically similar and phylogenetically related species. Optimal cultural conditions for M. subpiligera basidiomata are reported, and the germination rate of the new species is compared with that of M. citrinomarginata.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical value of (18)F-FDG PET-CT and enhanced CT imaging for staging of regional lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

METHODS122 patients with proven or suspected NSCLC underwent integrated PET-CT and enhanced CT scan before surgery. The results of lymph node metastasis diagnosed by PET-CT and CT were compared and analyzed according to the results of histopathological examination.

RESULTSPET-CT showed correctly lymph node staging in 80.3% of cases, overstaged in 13.1%, and understaged in 6.6%, while 55.8%, 26.2% and 18.0% by CT, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of PET-CT for lymph node staging was 86.3%, 85.0% and 85.3%, respectively, while the corresponding data were 68.6%, 71.0% and 70.4% by CT, respectively (P < 0.01). 81.3% of false-negative and 71.6% false-positive lymph nodes by CT were interpreted correctly by PET-CT, while 57.1% of false-negative and 45.2% of false-positive lymph nodes by PET-CT were correctly diagnosed by CT. 5.9% of PET-CT-diagnosed negative lymph nodes were pathologically proven to be positive with small cancer foci and below 10 mm in diameter, while 8.2% of pathologically proven negative lymph nodes with inflammation, high FDG uptake and exceeding 10 mm (15 mm in subcarnial nodes) in diameter were false-positive on both PET-CT and CT imaging, therefore, these lymph nodes were still in the common blind area of diagnosis by both of PET-CT and CT.

CONCLUSIONCompared with enhanced CT, integrated PET-CT improves the accuracy and is helpful to correct some CT-diagnosed false-positive and false-negative lymph nodes. But CT is also beneficial supplementation to PET-CT for assessment of regional lymph node metastasis. The combination of PET-CT and CT can make up the shortage of both of them in staging of regional lymph nodes in NSCLC patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; diagnosis ; pathology ; False Negative Reactions ; False Positive Reactions ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Lymph Nodes ; diagnostic imaging ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; methods ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

Through study on the correlation between Atractylodis macrocephala lactones ingredient content and topographic factors, we researched regionalization from topography of five main producing provinces of the country, in order to provide a scientific basis for A. macrocephala reasonable cultivation. By sampling from 40 origins of five main producing provinces of the country, the variation of A. macrocephala lactones ingredient content in different conditions of topographic factors and the effect of altitude, slope and aspect was analyzed by SPSS. Then according to the relationship between A. macrocephala lactones ingredient content and topographic factors, the ecological suitability regionalization was conducted by using ArcGIS based on topographic factors. It is suitable for growth of A. macrocephala in the hilly and mountainous areas of southern whose A. macrocephala lactones ingredient content is in high levels. It is unsuitable for growth of A. macrocephala in Northern plain areas, but we can cultivate A. macrocephala in the hilly and mountainous areas of Northern. The most suitable topographic condition for cultivation of A. macrocephala : altitude 200 meters above, slope 3.00-4.99 degrees.
Altitude ; Atractylodes ; chemistry ; growth & development ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Ecosystem

This study aimed to explore the impact of depression caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on in vivo activity of six kinds of CYP450 isoforms in rats. According to 'Katz' method, the model of CUMS was established. Tolbutamide, chlorzoxazone, theophylline, midazolam, omeprazole and dextromethorphan were chosen as probe substrates of CYP2C6, CYP2E1, CYP1A2, CYP3A2, CYP2D1 and CYP2D2 of rats. Plasma concentration of six kinds of CYP450 in control group and model group were determined by LC-MS/MS and computed pharmacokinetic parameters. Consequently, metabolism of theophylline and chlorzoxazone accelerated significantly (P < 0.01), but tolbutamide, dextromethorphan, omeprazole and midazolam had no significant difference. The present study proved that depression caused by CUMS had strong induction to CYP1A2 and medium induction to CYP2E1.
Animals ; Chlorzoxazone ; metabolism ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Depression ; Dextromethorphan ; metabolism ; Liver ; enzymology ; Midazolam ; metabolism ; Omeprazole ; metabolism ; Rats ; Stress, Physiological ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Theophylline ; metabolism ; Tolbutamide ; metabolism

Through study on the correlation between atractylodis lactones ingredient content and climatic factors, we research regionalization from climatic of five main producing provinces of the country, in order to provide a scientific basis for atractylodis' conscious cultivation. By sampling from 40 origins which from five main producing provinces of the country, we use SPSS to analysis variation of atractylodis lactones ingredient content in different conditions of climatic factors and the effect of each factors. Then according to the relationship between atractylodis lactones ingredient content and climatic factors, we use ArcGIS to conduct ecological suitability regionalization based on climatic factors. The most suitable climatic condition for cultivation of atractylodis: the wettest month precipitation 220-230 mm, the warmest average temperature 25 degrees C, the average temperature of driest season 10 degrees C.
Atractylodes ; chemistry ; growth & development ; China ; Climate ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Seasons ; Temperature