Objective To investigate physical activities of preschool children by gender and to explore the effects of activity type on bone indexes.Methods During 2009 and 2010,397 preschool children of 3-5 years old were randomly selected from 4 kindergartens in Chengdu Province of China.Ultrasound bone analyzer was used to assess children's bone mass.A physical activity questionnaire was completed by parents to evaluate physical activities at leisure time.Student's t test and least square regression were used for data analysis.Results Concerning activity types,boys spent more leisure time on running and Wushu than girls did (t values were 1.94 and 2.84,respectively ; both P ＜ 0.05).However,girls spent more time on dancing (0.78 h),jumping rope (0.08 h) and manual labour (0.22 h) each day (t values were-9.50,-3.43 and-1.92,respectively; all P ＜ 0.05).The weekly total exercise time and energy consumption per unit of body weight of girls vs.boys were 7.29 vs.6.51 h and 127.57 vs.113.85 kJ (t values were 2.63 and 2.04,respectively ; both P ＜ 0.05).About per day time on sleeping and per week time on watching television,there were no significant difference between boys and girls (t =0.180,0.520;P ＞0.05).But boys spent more time on electronic game and computer than girls (t =0.760,2.510;P ＜ 0.05).The normalized correlation coefficient for bone mass and moderate physical activities or jumping was 0.184 and 0.275,respectively (both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Our data suggest that preschool children's bone volume may be positively correlated with moderate physical activities and jumping activities.Introducing some moderate physical activities or activity appliance,toys and playing fields as well as increasing professional training might be helpful.

Objective:To determinate the substances with high molecular weight in porcine anterior pituitary and adrenal cortex extracts injection. Methods:The HPLC analysis was performed on a TSK-GEL G2000SWXL(7. 8 mm × 300 mm,5 μm) column with the mobile phase of trifluoroacetic acid-acetonitrile-water(0. 05:35:65). The flow rate was 0. 5 ml·min-1, and the detection wave-length was 214 nm. Results:The substances with high molecular weight in porcine anterior pituitary and adrenal cortex extracts injec-tion was below 1%. Conclusion:The method is simple and repeatable, which can be used for the control of the substances with high molecular weight in porcine anterior pituitary and adrenal cortex extracts injection.

Objective To analyze and investigate the diagnosis method and treatment measures of insulinoma.Methods The clinical data in 16 cases of insulinoma in the hepatobiliary surgery of our institute from Dec.2008 to Dec.2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Results All cases had typical Whipple′s triad,the biochemical examination suggested that all cases had plasma glucose decrease and plasma insulin increase during the onset period.The imaging examinations included preoperative ultrasonography,enhanced CT,MRI,EUS and intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS).Their diagnosis positive rates were 56.3% (9/16),77.8% (7/9),80.0% (8/10),100.0%(2/2) and 100.0%(5/5) respectively.Sixteen cases all received surgical treatment,including local tumor excision in 6 cases,simple distal pancreatectomy in 3 cases,distal pancreatectomy plus splenectomy in 5 cases and pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD) in 2 cases.Plasma glucose level in all cases was significantly increased after tumor removal.Postoperative follow-up lasted for 1-5 years without recurrence and metastasis.Conclusion The first choice of insulinoma localization diagnosis is CT and MRI,intraoperative palpation combined with IOUS is the main method of intraoperative localization,and the surgical resection is the only effective method for treating this disease.

Objective To evaluate the effect of early intracoronary injection of tirofiban via aspiration catheter on myocardial no-reflow in elderly patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods 120 consecutive patients over 65 years old with AMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were randomized into two groups.In tirofiban group (n=60),thrombus aspiration and intracoronary tirofiban bolus (10 μg/kg prior to the first balloon inflation) via aspiration catheter were performed.In control group (n=60),thrombus aspiration was followed by primary PCI.The incidence of no-reflow and bleeding were assessed in the two groups.Results The moderate to severe bleeding (TIMI bleeding criteria) did not occur in the two groups,there's no significant difference between two groups in the incidence of minor bleeding [26.7％(16 cases) vs.21.7％ (13 cases),x2 =0.19,P=0.522].The incidence of myocardial noreflow was significantly lower in tirofiban group than in the control group [10.0％ (6/60) vs.25.0％ (15/60),x2 =4.68,P=0.031].Conclusions The intracoronary injection of tirofiban via aspiration catheter may significantly reduce the incidence of myocardial no-reflow in patients with STEMI without increasing bleeding complications.

Objective Minimally invasive technique was used in the treatment of pectus carinatum. Indication, techni-cal details and perioperative complication are discussed in this paper. Methods From March 2008 to January 2009, 6 patients with pectus carinatum underwent minimal invasive operation by using the principle of Nuss procedure in which pressure applied through a curved steel bar that was placed subcutaneously anterior to the sternum, via lateral thoracic incisions. Preoperative CT scan were performed and Hailer index was used as operative indication. Results The average age of patients was (13.6 ± 1.94) years (range, 10 - 16 years). They were all males. The mean operation time was (104.17 ± 15.63) minutes. The av-erage blood loss was (5.17±2.56) ml. The mean hospital stay was (5.67±0.82) days. Postoperative follow-up was 1 -11 months. Displacement of the stablizer was the only complication that was corrected by further fixation procedure. COnClusion The minimally invasive technique for the treatment of peetus earinatum is safe and effective with minimal complications. It can be selected as an alternative techniques and the appropriate age for this procedure is 10-16 years.

OBJECTIVE: To review the development and mechanism of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and the unsolved problems so as to provide reference for the clinical application of PRP.DATA SOURCES: Articles on effects of platelet-rich plasma on bone repair are searched from Medline between January 1995 and June 2005 on computer. The key words were platelet rich plasma, bone, and repair.Meanwhile, the same search was conducted to determine the correlated articles during January 1998 to June 2005 from Wanfang database with key words of platelet-rich plasma, bone and repair in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: Literatures at home and abroad on the PRP and bone repair were chosen; Non-randomized controlled literatures were included.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 40 out of 49 reports related to PRP and bone repair met the criteria. 9 reports were excluded due to the repeated same research. The rest 40 reports were sorted out and conducted literature review.DATA SYNTHESIS: Platelet-rich plasma was originally used in clinic to repair mandibular defect in 1998, by adding PRP to grafts with a radiographic maturation rate 1.62 to 2.16 times that of grafts without PRP. Up to now, PRP has been used in many medical areas to accelerate tissue healing due to its advantages of safety, simple, low-cost. But some problems still remain to be studied and solved.CONCLUSION: PRP includes many sorts of growth factors and has been proved to be beneficial to the maturation of both bone tissue and soft tissues. PRP is autologous and can be produced easily and safely from autologous blood, without the concerns of transmissions and immunological rejection of various diseases.

Background Artisan phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation was demonstrated to be safe and effective for the correction of high myopia in short-term.However,long-term corneal endothelium status after operation should be concerned.Objective This study was to investigate the long-term changes of corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) and morphology following Artisan pIOL implantation for the correction of high myopia.Methods Fifty-one eyes of 27 patients who received Artisan PIOL implantation for high myopia from January 2005 to December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.The central corneal ECDs were detected by corneal endothelial cell counter before surgery and 6 months and 1 year,2,3,4,5,6 years after surgery,and the coefficient of variation (CV) and standard deviation (SD) of cellular area were evaluated.ECD loss rate with time lapse was calculated ([preoperative ECD-postoperative ECD]/preoperative ECD× 100％).Results Six years after surgery,there were 34 eyes with BCVA ≥ 1.0,14 eyes with BCVA higher than preoperative and 8 eyes with BCVA lower than preoperative.The mean intraocular pressure was (14.23±2.14)mmHg 6 years postoperative.The preoperative mean ECD was (3 184.05±233.55)/mm2,and the ECD was gradually reduced over time with the cell loss 2.34％ in 6 months,5.32％ in 1 year,6.32％ in 2 years,8.06％ in 3 years,12.59％ in 4 years,15.63％ in 5 years and 19.49％ in 6 years after operation.Before surgery,The mean CV of cellular area was 37.17±7.12,and the SD of cellular area was 118.77±21.39,and those 6 years after surgery were 32.24 ±4.62 and 125.60± 18.49,respectively.The mean CV and SD of cellular area were significantly different among different time points (P =0.000,0.036).Eight eyes with localized iris depigmentation,6 eyes with IOL dyssymmetry,3 eyes with transient high intraocular pressure and 2 eyes with Macular hemorrhage were obtained after surgery.Conclusions Corneal endothelial cells appear obvious changes in both number and morphology after Artisan pIOL implantation in high myopia.ECD is gradually reduced with time lapse,and the shape of the cells occur remodeling during 6-year fellow-up duration.Overall,endothelial specular microscopy is mandatory before and after surgery for a long term.

?Optic neuritis ( ON) is one of the most common causes of vision loss by neural eye diseases in youth and middle-aged. In the past, the diagnosis simply according to the risk position, which did not distinguish from the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics, can not meet the current clinical diagnosis and treatment needs. Combining with the etiology, clinical characteristics and prognosis, the latest classification of the current international diagnosis of ON are typical and atypical ON. Typical ON relates to multiple sclerosis ( MS ) or demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, it has a relatively good therapeutic effect and prognosis. Rather than, atypical ON has complex etiology, clinical manifestation, and the treatment and prognosis are also different. At present there are many international ON treatment guidelines with level I evidence-based medical evidence, but with different genetic background, geographical environment and ethnic groups, they are not been determined. China lacks of such a multicenter large sample, a wide range of research evidence. In this paper, we will summarize the progress of the diagnosis and treatment about ON, especially about the atypical ON, in order to provide some suggestions to further improve the standardization and individualization for clinical diagnosis and treatment on ON.

Objective To determine the association between weight gain induced by atypical antipsychotic and the polymorphisms of MC4R gene rs12970134.Methods 62 patients who had weight gain more than 7% of their pre -drug body weight were selected as study group,and 62 patients who had weight gain less than 7% of their pre -drug body weight were selected as control group.The polymorphism of MC4R gene rs12970134 was analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction and directly sequencing technology.Results There were no significant differences in the frequency of MC4R gene rs12970134 genotypes and alleles between the two groups(χ2 =0.648,P =0.723;χ2 =0.679,P =0.410).While after the treatment with atypical antipsychotic,the weight gain degree in patients with GG genotypes was less than patients with GA /AA genotypes[(22.18 ±0.33)kg/m2 vs.(23.53 ±0.58)kg/m2 ](t =-2.167,P =0.032).Conclusion The polymorphisms of MC4R gene rs12970134 maybe affect the weight gain degree in patients after treatment with antipsychotic.

OBJECTIVE:To study the dermal pharmacokinetic difference of triptolide in normal and diabetic rats,and to pro-vide reference for rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS:12 Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group and diabetic model group(0.1%streptozotocin intraperitoneally),with 6 rats in each group. Both group were given Triptolide cream 0.5 g to ab-dominal skin,and dialysate was collected by microdialysis every 30 min for consecutive 12 h. Subcutaneous concentration was de-tected by HPLC-MS,and subcutaneous concentration-time curves were analyzed and compared between two groups,and Winnon-lin 5.0.1 software was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS:The pharmacokinetic parameters of normal group and diabetic model group were that cmax were(1.54±0.37)and(5.12±1.34)μg/ml;tmax were(7.32±0.24)and(6.21±0.35)h;AUC0-12 h were (12.65 ± 4.64) and (37.43 ± 5.23)μg·h/ml,with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The change of dermal structure caused by diabetes can increase percutaneous penetration amount of triptolide in rats,and drug dosage should be reduced according to circumstances so as to reduce side effects.