Adult ; Echinococcosis ; Heart Diseases ; parasitology ; Humans ; Male

This article reviews and summarizes recent years’ literature on the correlation of substance P with meridians and acupoints in order to provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism of acupuncture effect.

Objective:To study the hypotensive effect of Compound Folium Eucommiae Mixture. Methods: 60 patients with hypertension were divided into two groups at random. Apart from taking original hypotensor (in original varieties and dosages), the patients in the test group took Compounal Folium Eucommiae Mixture. The patients in the control group took only original hypotensor (in original varieties and dosages). Results: There was a significant difference between two groups ( P

AIM: To observe the expression of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) within the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) and to explore the relationship between the activated CRH-containing neurons and sympathetic activity in rats with heart failure (HF).METHODS: Healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to coronary artery ligation to induce HF, and chronic intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion was performed by osmotic pump for 4 weeks.The rats in sham group and HF group were given vehicle (VEH;artificial cerebrospinal fluid 0.25 μL/h).The rats in HF plus treatment group were treated with CRH competitive inhibitor αh-CRH (15 mg/h).Meanwhile, the Lewis rats and Fischer 344 rats for control study also underwent coronary ligation to induce HF or sham surgery.After 4 weeks, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and maximum positive/negative change in pressure over time (±dp/dtmax) were determined.The right ventricular-to-body weight (RV/BW) and lung-to-body weight (lung/BW) ratios were calculated.The renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) was recorded and the plasma norepinephrine (NE) level was measured.The expression of CRH in the PVN combined with the plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) levels were measured.RESULTS: Compared with the sham-SD rats, the HF-SD rats had a greater number of CRH positive neurons in the PVN (accordingly the plasma ACTH levels were increased), accompanied by decreased ±dp/dtmax and increased RSNA, plasma NE, LVEDP, lung/BW and RV/BW.However, ICV treatment with αh-CRH attenuated these changes in the HF-SD rats (P<0.05).Compared with the sham-Fisher 344 rats, the HF-Fisher 344 rats also had a greater number of CRH positive neurons in the PVN (accordingly the plasma ACTH levels were increased).In addition, they had significantly increased RSNA and plasma NE level, higher LVEDP, RV/BW and lung/BW, and lower ±dp/dtmax (P<0.05).Compared with the SHAM-Lewis rats, the HF-Lewis rats had not significantly changed in the above parameters.CONCLUSION: In CHF, the CRH-containing neurons in PVN are activated, thus aggravating cardiac function by increasing sympathoexcitation.

Objective To investigate the applied value of abnormalities of fetus with oligohydramnios in mid-pregnancy by anmioinfusion. Methods Fifty women with oligohydramnios diagnosed by ultrasonograph were analysed retrospectively. During the procedure 60-300 ml saline solution at 37 ℃ were infused into the amniotic cavity,made prenatal diagnosis at the same time necessarily. And examined the women to know whether the fetal anomaly existed or not after the amnioinfusion by the ultrasound. Results There were 15 cases with fetal anomaly, 8 cases with genitotirinary anomaly(2 cases associated with multiple organs anomaly), 1 case with single umbilical artery, 4 cases with chromosomal abnormality (2 cases associated with fetal growth restriction), 2 cases with pulmonary hypolasia. There was no significant difference in dilivery outcome between others and 35 cases with normal pregnant women (P >0.05). Conclusion Transabdominal amnioinfusion has double function on beth diagnosis and therapy for the oligohydramnios in the mid-pregnancy.

Objective To investigate the value of vessel size index(VSI) in grading oligodendroglioma by vessel size imaging technique. Methods Twenty-four histologically confirmed oligodendroglioma cases were enrolled (13 gradeⅡand 11 gradeⅢ) . All patients underwent conventional MRI scanning, followed by multi gradient-echo spin-echo sequence from dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion to generate VSI maps. Region of interests were contoured on VSI color maps to obtain hot-spot value of mean VSI of microvasculature (VSImean) and maximum VSI of microvasculature (VSImax). Paraffin sections of each case was stained with CD34 to acquire microvascular caliber (VShis). Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between VSImean, VSImax and VShis respectively. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare VSImean, VSImax and VShis between grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ oligodendrogliomas. ROC analysis was performed to assess the effectiveness of VSImean, VSImax and VShis in grading oligodendrogliomas. Results Both VSImean and VSImax were strongly correlated with VShis (r=0.738, 0.705,P<0.05). For gradeⅡand Ⅲ oligodendrogliomas, VSImean were 38.93(17.96 to 81.18)μm and 91.49(36.94 to 144.68)μm, VSImax were 45.12(22.30 to 89.65)μm and 121.19(57.29 to 164.00)μm, VShis were 8.51(5.25 to 12.76)μm and 11.03(7.59 to 21.96)μm respectively. VSImean, VSImax, and VShis showed significant difference (Z=-3.505,-3.911, -2.729,P<0.05) between grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ oligodendrogliomas. ROC analysis revealed that the optimal cutoff value, sensitivity, specificity and AUC of VSImean was 52.58 μm, 90.91%, 92.31%, 0.923 respectively, 81.18μm, 90.91%, 100.00%, 0.972 for VSImax, and 9.01μm, 90.00%, 84.62%, 0.838 for VShis respectively. Conclusions Vessel size imaging derived VSI correlated well with histopathology. It could provide valuable information in the pre-operative grading of oligodendroglioma.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of damage compensation for subjects in drugs clinical trials.Methods: Retrospective analyzes was conducted on 70 drug clinical trail from January 2008 to December 2014 in our hospital , including protocols、informed consent and insurance .Results: It was written in most proto-cols that sponsor undertook damage compensation due to experimental drugs , however , lack of detailed rules .Dam-age compensation for subjects was missed in some informed consents .17 drugs clinical trials provided insurance , the rate of jointing insurance 24 .3%.In international trail , the rate of jointing insurance ( 100%) was higher than that in domestic trail (9.1%).As to domestic trail, the rate of jointing insurance increased gradually .There was no difference between insurance of different periods .In 17 insurance , 13 were clinical trial liability insurance , oth-ers were product and general liability insurance;5 provided insurance instruction , only insurance certificate or poli-cy in others;2 insurance applied foreign language .Conclusion:Through project access system , strengthening the ethical approval , strengthening quality management to prevent the damage occurred , participants damage happened after fully protect the health and rights and interests of the subjects , and actively promote clinical trial insurance to perfect our subjects′damage compensation mechanism , the protection of the rights of the subjects , and reduce the risk of clinical trials .

Objective To analyze the texture features of SPIO-enhanced MR imaging in rat models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatocirrhosis with gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). Methods HCC and hepatocirrhosis models were established in rats. SPIO-enhanced MR images were obtained. A total of 161 regions of interests (ROIs, 81 of HCC and 80 of hepatocirrhosis) were selected manually. Feature values as angular second moment, contrast, correlation, inverse difference moment, entropy, variance were extracted based on GLCM. The differences of feature values between two groups were statistically analyzed. Results In SPIO-enhanced MR images, hypointense signal changes were found in hepatocirrhosis, as well as hyperintensity in HCC nodules and intermixed intensity in larger HCC nodules. Correlation and entropy values of HCC group were higher than that of hepatocirrhosis group, while the angular second moment, contrast, inverse difference moment, and variance values were lower than hepatocirrhosis group. Conclusion The feature values based on GLCM could be used for the further computer aided diagnosis of SPIO-enhanced MR images in rat models of HCC and hepatocirrhosis.

Objective To analyze the relation between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and coronary heart disease (CHD) among diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.Methods A total of 1190 in patients from January 2009 to September 2009 were selected and divided into two groups:225 patients with diabete mellitus and 965 patients without.We collected the age,sex,triglyceride ( TG),total cholesterol ( CHO),high-density lipoprotein ( HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein ( LDL-C),fasting blood-glucose (FBG),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) and analyzed the relation between these indexes and CHD in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals respectively,then,analyzed the difference of HbA1c between patients with and without CHD after correcting the differentiating factor with a multivariable-adjusted model.Meanwhile,according the HbA1c level,we divided all participants into four groups:4.0％ -5.4％( Ⅰ),5.5％ -5.9％ ( Ⅱ),6.0％ -6.4％ ( Ⅲ),≥6.5％ ( Ⅳ),and observed the distribution of HbA1c and coronary heart disease in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals respectively.Results ( 1) In non-diabetic individuals,statistically significant difference of male( 80.5％ υs 62.7％),age [ ( 59 ±11) years υs (55 ± 11) years],FBG [(5.62 ± 1.48) mmol/L υs (5.30 ±0.84) mmol/L],HbA1c [(5.98±0.92)％ υs (5.65 ±0.53)％],CHO [(4.48 ±1.01) mmol/L υs (4.77 ±1.04) mmol/L],LDL-C [(2.59±0.87) mmol/L υs (2.79 ±0.86) mmol/L],HDL-C [(1.08 ±0.26) mmol/L υs(1.21 ±0.32) mmol/L] was observed between patients with and without CHD (P ＜0.01),however,in diabetic individuals,only LDL-C [ ( 2.56 ± 0.81) mmol/L υs ( 3.07 ± 0.90) mmol/L],CHO [ (4.44 ±0.95) mmol/L υs ( 5.08 ± 1.16) mmol/L] were observed ( P ＜ 0.0 1).(2) In all participants,the higher of HbA1c,the higher of CHD percent,compared to patients without CHD,the percent of high HbA1c in CHD patients was significantly higher.After adjusting for age,sex,HDL-C,HbA1c was an independent risk marker for CHD in non-diabetic individuals ( OR:1.935,95％ CI:1.356 - 2.762,P ＜ 0.05),however,links between FBG in the non-diabetic range and CHD appeared weaker after controlling indexes listed above( OR:1.507,95％CI:1.082 -2.098,P＜0.05).Conclusion HbA1c is an independent risk factor for CHD in nondiabetic individuals and prior to FBG.

Objective To evaluate the role of the sodium removal and explore the relationship of sodium balance and blood pressure in patients with traditional hemodialysis.Methods Fourteen patients with maintenance hemodialysis were randomly enrolled in this study.Serum sodium concentration was measured at the pre-dialysis and post-dialysis.At the beginning of dialysis and every half hour,20 ml waste dialysates were collected,10 ml were drown from total 180 ml waste dialysates that had being mingled for measuring total NaCl removal and the removal caused by ultrafiltration.The Fisher's Exact Test was used to analyze the difference in incidence of hypertension(≥ 150/90 mmHg group or ＜ 150/90 mmHg) between the different NaCl removal groups.Results The total NaCl removal in single hemodialysis session was (29 ±14.9)g,A average of (18 ± 6.9)g sodium was removed by ultrafiltation (83 ± 58.6)％.The patients whose sodium removal in a hemodialysis session were less than 29 g,which were vulnerable to hypertension (≥ 150/90 mmHg group) (P =0.023).Conclusions The factors that effected sodium removal in hemodialysis session were complicated; most of sodium was removed by ultrafiltration of plasma water.These results demonstrated that adequate ultrafiltration volume in triple times a week rather than restriction of fluid intake was the principal factor that controls blood pressure in patients with traditional hemodialysis.