This paper reviews the development of physician professionalism and its research at home and abroad in recent decades.Content,evaluation,the problems and challenges,and the affecting factors of physician professionalism are analyzed.With regard to the status quo of physician professionalism in China,some ideas to improve and build physician professionalism in China are proposed.

In Western countries, the mutation status of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes is commonly determined for genetic counseling among members of families with a history of breast or ovarian cancer, especially for women of the Ashkenazi Jewish ethnicity. Recent studies in the Cancer Genome Atlas project have demonstrated that BRCA2 mutation carriers are more responsive to platinum-based chemotherapy among high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients. Thus, in Western countries, the mutation status of BRCA1 and BRCA2 is recognized to have an important value with which to assess cancer risk and therapeutic response. However, very limited studies of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and their implications for counseling and therapeutic prediction have been conducted in China. Therefore, a potentially important genetic test that is technically simple has not benefited Chinese women with an increased risk of breast or ovarian cancer. This article summarizes the current progress in the study of BRCA1/2 mutation in China and recommends an increased effort in applying advances in genetic testing to the clinical management of Chinese patients with ovarian cancer.
Age Factors ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, BRCA2 ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; ethnology ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Mutation ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; ethnology ; genetics ; surgery ; Platinum ; therapeutic use ; Remission Induction ; Risk ; Survival Rate

Objective To resolve the sharing of the images which are dispersed in multiple mini-PACS in one hospital or in the distributed PACS in the different hospitals.Methods The grid technology and the medical image network were integrated to research some key technologies on a medical image storage grid.Results Basing on the services provided by grid and considering the hospital's situation,two layers architecture of storage grid that was adapted with the sharing character of the medical information were put forward.Using the services provided by the storage grid,the dynamic storage extension was realized.Conclusion The medical image storage grid can integrate multiple storage systems in the image network.It supports the effective usage of the storage system and transparent accessing for users.

Objective:To investigate the effects of TJU103 on T lymphocytes proliferation and cytokine production in vitro.Methods:MTT and ELISA assays were used respectively to detect the proliferation and the cytokine production of donor T lymphocytes blocked by TJU103.Results:There are significant difference in the inhibition of T-cell proliferation and the cytokine production between groups of with TJU103 or without.Conclusion:TJU103 could significantly inhibit the T-cell proliferation and the cytokine production.

Objective To construct a luciferase gene expression vector containing full-length 3' untranslated region(3'UTR)of mouse vascular endothelial growth factor-C(VEGF-C)gene,and to observe the effects of VEGF-C 3'UTR on luciferase gene expression by a double-fluorescence report system.Methods Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to amplify VEGF-C 3'UTR and a 312bp VEGF-C coding region(CR)fragment from full-length VEGF-C cDNA in mouse Lewis lung cancer cells.The luciferase expression vectors containing VEGF-C 3'UTR or VEGF-C CR were constructed by subcloning the PCR products to luciferase reporter vector pGL3-Promoter using gene engineering technology,and then they were transfected to mouse Lewis lung carcinoma cells by LipofectamineTM 2000.The activities and mRNA expression of luciferase were detected by Dual-Luciferase Reporter System and quantitative RT-PCR,respectively.Results Mouse VEGF-C 3'UTR(429bp)and VEGF-C CR(312bp)were successfully amplified by PCR.The VEGF-C 3'UTR and VEGF-C CR fragments were successfully inserted into pTA2 vector,and then subcloned to pGL3-Promoter vector at Xba Ⅰ site by using restriction endonucleases analysis.The DNA sequences and insertion orientation of PCR products were all correct by sequencing analysis.The resulted luciferase expression plasmids were named pGL3-VEGF-C 3'UTR and pGL3-VEGF-C CR,respectively.Dual-Luciferase Reporter System detection and quantitative RT-PCR showed that in Lewis lung carcinoma cells,the activities of luciferase and expression of luciferase mRNA in the pGL3-Promoter group were higher than that in the pGL3-VEGF-C 3'UTR group,and there was no significant difference between pGL3-VEGF-C CR group and pGL3-Promoter group.Conclusion VEGF-C 3'UTR can inhibit luciferase gene expression.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between plasma substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentrations and intraoperative cardiovascular events in diabetic patients.Methods Twenty-two patients of either sex with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 22 non-diabetic patients of either sex,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,aged 50-77 yr,undergoing elective knee arthroplasty under neuraxial anesthesia,served as diabetes mellitus group (group DM) and non-diabetes mellitus group (group NDM),respectively.The patients of either group were further divided into 2 subgroups (n =11 each) according to whether or not the patients had cardiovascular diseases before operation:no cardiovascular disease subgroups (NDM-NCVD subgroup and DM-NCVD subgroup) and cardiovascular disease subgroups (NDM-CVD subgroup and DM-CVD subgroup).The plasma SP and CGRP concentrations were dertermined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 30 min before operation and at the end of operation.The plasma cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnI) concentrations were measrued by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 30 min before operation and 24 h after operation.The development of intraoperative cardiovascular events was recorded.Results Compared with group NDM,the incidence of intraoperative cardiovascular events and plasma cTnI concentrations at each time point were significantly increased,and the plasma concentrations of SP and CGRP were decreased in group DM (P＜0.05).Compared with group DM-NCVD,the incidence of intraoperative cardiovascular events and plasma cTnI concen trations at each time point were significantly increased,and the plasma concentrations of SP and CGRP were decreased in group DM-CVD (P＜0.05).Conclusion The development of intraoperative cardiovascular events is related to the decrease in plasma concentrations of SP and CGRP in diabetic patients.

Electrophysiology examination is an important technique in studying amblyopia, which mainly includes electrooculography( EOG), electroretinography ( ERG), visual evoked potential( VEP). This study does not only summarizes the definition, the mechanisms and the meaning of these indexes in the relevant research progress in recent years, but also makes a comment on the controversies among the relevant research conclusions.

?The small incision lenticule extraction ( SMILE ) with femtosecond laser is a new mode of corneal refractive surgeryrecently. The safety, efficacy, stability and predictability of SMILE lead the corneal refractive surgery to a new world that only use femtosecond laser to correct myopia.With the development and popularity of SMILE, the clinical effect has aroused much concern.But there remain exited disputes in refractive stability, visual quality and corneal biomechanical property, contrast sensitivity and glare symptoms, corneal sensitivity and dye eye, corneal endothelial cells and intraocular pressure.These will be summarized in this review.

Objective To explore the value of laparoscopic ovarian-conserving restoration for ovarian cyst torsion . Methods A total of 62 cases of ovarian cyst torsion , 12 of which were combined with pregnancy , between January 2007 and June 2012 were retrospectively analysed .The surgical management involved laparoscopic high ligation of ovary blood vessels , restoration of the ovary, and resection of ovarian cysts . Results All the 62 cases of laparoscopic restoration were successfully performed with ovarian reservation.The cysts twisted for 180°~1080°, including 19 cases of <360°, 21 cases of 360°~720°, and 22 cases of >720°.The cysts were coloured purple black in 26 cases, purple or normal in 36 cases.The operation time was (57 ±23) min, the intraoperative blood loss was 5-130 ml (mean, 50.6 ml), and anal exsufflation time was (24 ±13) hours.No embolism, infection, and abortion occurred during post-operation.The level of estrogen recovered to normal in 1-3 months postoperatively .Ovulation at the procedure side was found in 43 cases in 6-24 months. Conclusions Laparoscopic ovarian-conserving surgery is a safe procedure for ovarian cyst pedicle torsion .High ligation of ovarian blood vessles and resection of ovarian cysts can not only avoid the possibility of thrombosis but also preserve the ovarian functions .The shortage of this operation is complicated to perform .

Objective To systematically evaluate the effects of compression stockings for preventing post-thrombotic syndrome after giant surgery in department of orthopaedics.Methods Randomized controlled trials about compression stockings were searched and analyzed no matter written in Chinese or English.The effects of compression stockings is determined by Meta-analysis with Review Manager 5.0.Results 4 papers were included in this research,among which,one was domestic,and another three were abroad.Heterogeneity was small when the data was merged,which suggested that compression stocking for preventing post-thrombotic syndrome was effective.Conclusions Compression stockings can be safely used to prevent post-thrombotic syndrome after giant surgery in department of orthopaedics.