Urinary albumin is a biomarker for kidney damage and is widely applied in clinical practice.With more evidence on urinary albumin, it is also recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality.This paper focuses on thecurrent status of pre-analytical, mid-analytical and post-analytical process and discusses the progress in standardization of measurement for urinary albumin and the issues which call for the attention of clinical laboratorian.

Laboratory developed tests ( LDT) are usually referred to the diagnostic methods for the medical laboratory , which can only be used in the medical laboratory and can not be sold to other medical laboratories , hospitals and individuals .The paper shows the draft guideline of LDT issued by Food and Drug Administration ( FDA) and the suggestions of clinical laboratory experts and relevant academic groups for different FDA monitoring models.

The mortality of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing because of renal failure,cardiovascular diseases and other reasons which has been a global public health problem.Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the important biomarker of kidney function evaluation and early diagnosis of CKD,whose direct measurement methods cannot be widely applied in clinical laboratory.With the development of studies on estimating glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations,eGFR has been a biomarker of kidney function evaluation in clinical diagnosis.The current paper reviews the research progress and clinical application of different eGFR equations.

Objective To investigate the advantages of three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of nasal fractures with spiral computed tomography (CT) in comparison with roentgenography in medico-legal expertise. Methods CT scanning was performed in 32 cases with complex nasal fractures by Somatom Balance on 2mm/2mm scan. The images were reconstructed with maximum intensity projection (MIP), multi-plannar reconstruction (MPR), shaded surface display (SSD), and volume rendering (VR) mode and compared with roentgenographic images. Result Nasal fractures evaluated by roentgenography were detected to be false-positive in 3 cases and misdiagnosed fracture type in 6 cases as re-evaluated by 3-D reconstruction. Conclusion 3-D reconstruction images are of advantages over roentgenographic images in evaluation of broken bone fragments, displacement, fracture type for clinical diagnosis and medicolegal expertise.

Incidence of acute kidney injury ( AKI ) is increasing rapidly to epidemic proportions . Development of AKI is associated with increased morbidity , mortality and hospitalization costs .Currently available diagnostic tools are mostly insensitive for early diagnosis of AKI .Finding an early, reliable, easily reproducible , economical and accurate biomarker for AKI is a top research priority .In recent years , many serum and urinary proteins have been investigated as possible early markers of AKI .

Objective A survey was conducted to learn the status of award winning for science and technology achievement among the medical institutions ranked level 2 and above in Sichuan province,to learn the research capacity in such medical institutions,and to provide the basis for research management and health decision.Methods Questionnaire survey was carried out among 555 hospitals ranked level 2 and above in Sichuan province,information on award winning for science and technology achievement during 2010 -2012 was collected and analyzed.Results Only 33％ of those medical institutions were awarded for their achievement in research with total number of 882 awards in three years:300,266,and 316 awards were obtained in 2010,2011 and 2012,respectively.Conclusions In the medical organization of Sichuan province,the number of awards of scientific and technological achievements showed no significant increase with an volatility state,and the overall level of award need to be improved.Awarded Research areas were mainly on clinical research-based,especially on surgery department.Most award winning hospitals are level 3,and the general hospitals win more award than specialized hospitals;furthermore,hospitals located in different regions are quite different in terms of award winning.

Objective: To reconstruct adenovirus vector of breast eukaryotic initiation factor 4E and to observe its effect on the metastasis ability of breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Methods: eIF-4E gene was constructed into adenovirus vector pAD-X by gene recombination technique, which was transformed into 293 packaged cell for high titer adenovirus. Real-time PCR was applied to detect eIF-4E gene expression. eIF-4E siRNA was applied and then transwell cabin assay was used to observe changes of invasion and motor ability of MCF-7 cells transfected with reconstruction adenovirus. Result:The finding of digestion was coincided with expected. eIF-4E gene over-expression was detected in transfected MCF-7 cells with real-time PCR. And the invasion and motor abilities of transfected MCF-7 cells were more significantly inhibited in transwell cabin assay (respectively p

Objective To evaluate the treatment of PCI on hibernating myocardium..in ischemic cardiomyopathy with heart failure.Methods All patients identified iscbemic cardiomyopathy with heart failure by coronary angiography were randomly divided into PCI group and contrast group.61 patients in contrast group were just received the treatment of medi- cine while 60 patients in PCI group were received PCI as well.Compare the grade of NYHA ,the size of left ventricle and the ejection fraction r between two groups3 months late.Results There were no deference between groups in the grade of NYHA,the size of left ventricle and the ejection fraction at the beginning of treatment,but the grade of NYHA,the size of left ventricle and the ejection fraction in PCI group were better than contrast group 3 months later(P

Objective To establish a method for determining oxalate and citrate in urine simultaneously by capillary electrophoresis.The components,the concentration and pH of the buffer solution,the separation voltage and the injection time on theseparation were studied in detail.Methods The separations were carried out using potassium dihydrogen phosphatebuffer ina fused-silica capillary tubeby capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and the detection were monitored by UV.24 h-urine samples from patients (n =5) and health control (n =5) were collected from Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University for systematically validating the method developed.Results The optimized separations were carried out using a 50 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphatebuffer solution (pH 6.5) in a fused-silica capillary tube of 50 cm × 50 μm I.D.Injections were made by using the pressure mode for 10 s at 34 mbar.The detections were monitored by a UV at 200 nm after samples were separated at avohage of 30 kV.Under the seconditions,urinary oxalate and citrate were separated completely within 5 min.The relative standard deviations of migration time and peak area within-run foroxalate and citrate were less than 1％ and 3.0％ and the betweenrun relative standard deviations were less than 2.0％ and 4.0％,respectively.The detection limits were 1 mg/L for both oxalate and citrate.The linearity ranges of oxalate and citrate were both 0-500 mg/L with the correlation coefficient between 0.999 5 and 0.995 4 (P ＜ 0.05),respectively.The average recoveries were 102.38％ for oxalate and 92.74％ for citrate.Conclusion This method is proved to be simple,sensitive and accurate,and also applied to determine oxalate and citrate in urine samples with satisfactory results.

Objective To explore the optimal power of experimental pancreatic endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy.Methods Six healthy live minipigs were randomly divided into two groups according to random number table,which received RFA under EUS or in laparotomy.Each pig in each group was randomly allocated to received RFA at different power (5 W,10 W,15 W).The impedance was monitored and the time for each therapy was recorded.The width diameter of coagulation necrosis from RFA was measured by EUS and gross pathology.Results RFA was completed in all pigs smoothly with stable life signs and without complications.Gross and micro pathologic observation confirmed formation of coagulation necrosis lesions.The width diameter of lesions from EUS-RFA was similar to that from surgery RFA,both having a maximum value at 10 W power (11 nun VS 10 mm).Conclusion The optimal power of experimental pancreatic EUS-RFA in pig is 10W,which should be further explored for the clinical purpose.