AIM:To study the affect of two kind preparations of ammonium glycyrrhizinate on serum extracellular matrix level of chronic viral hepatitis.　METHODS: Seventy patients with chronic viral hepatitis were randomly divided into two groups. The first group of 41 patients (M36,F5;age 47a±s 13a) was treated with diammonium glycyrrhizinate 0.15 g, iv, gtt, qd×30 d. The second group of 29 patients (M23,F6; age 48a±12a) was treated with monoamonium glycyrrhizinate 0.2 g iv, gtt, qd×30 d. Serum ECM levels were assayed using RIA method.　RESULTS: After treatment the serum ECM levels of both groups reduced remarkably and there was no differance in the reduction of serum ECM levels of the two groups except LN (P<0.05, P<0.01).　CONCLUSION: Both preparations of glycyzzhizinate have the efficacy to reduce serum ECM level of chronic viral hepatitis patients and play some role in anti-hepatic fibrosis. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate is more potent than monoammonium glycyrrhizinate.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; complications ; pathology ; Prednisone ; pharmacology

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; metabolism ; therapeutic use ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; immunology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; immunology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Proteins ; immunology ; metabolism ; physiology

BACKGROUND:The coagulation function of patients after joint replacement is enhanced during the perioperative time, the coagulation disorder can easily lead to the deep vein thrombosis, which wil seriously affect the rehabilitation and prognosis of patients. The embolus fal ing off from venous thrombosis can lead to acute pulmonary embolism, severe cases can be life-threatening. So the early diagnosis of postoperative deep vein thrombosis and acute pulmonary embolism is very important.
OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of clinical diagnosis of thrombosis in the perioperative patients after orthopaedic joint replacement.
METHODS:A computer-based retrieve in PubMed database and CNKI database were conducted by the first author for the articles on the clinical diagnosis of thrombosis in the perioperative patients after orthopaedic joint replacement from January 2008 to May 2013 with the key words of“arthroplasty, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary artery embolism, risk factor, diagnostic approach, anticoagulant, perioperative period, research progress”in English and Chinese. A total of 165 articles were screened out, and final y 50 articles were included according to the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After joint replacement surgery, various risk factors were associated with the etiology and pathogenesis of deep venous thrombosis, such as vascular and tissue impairments, limb fixation, pain stress, and hemorrhagic fluid caused coagulation disorder, were the main reasons to thrombosis. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism had variety of clinical manifestations, many diagnostic approaches were widely applied in clinic, but each one has its laminations. So the positive diagnosis intervention should be performed according to the common clinical manifestations, general y begin from the routine examinations of ultrasound and electrocardiogram, and the combination of various methods was preferred if necessary in order to increase the positive diagnosis rate to the maximum extent, and take drug intervention immediately after diagnosis to avoid the happening of adverse events. Several new types of oral anticoagulants appear in clinical trials, and the outcomes are very promising, but the widely clinical application needs further observation.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of Shikani ( S) optical stylet and Macintosh (M) laryngoscope for double-lumen endotracheal tube intubation .Methods:In the study, 60 patients undergoing elective thoracic surgery were randomly allocated to group S ( n=30 ) and group M ( n=30 ) . After general anesthesia induction , the patients in group S and group M were intubated double-lumen en-dotracheal tube ( DLT) by Shikani optical stylet ( SOS) and macintosh laryngoscope respectively .Intuba-tion time, intubation attempts , cuff broken and oral mucosal or dental injury were recorded;Blood pres-sure and heart rate at baseline ( T0 ) , at the time of intubaiton onset ( T1 ) , 1 minute after intubaiton (T2), 3 minutes after intubation (T3) and 5 minutes after intubation (T3) were also recorded;Hoarse-ness and throat sore of the patients 24 hours after surgery were evaluated .Results:The intubaiton time with the SOS was faster than with the Macintosh [(37.4 ±9.7) s vs.(43.9 ±13.7) s, P=0.039] and the first attempt success rate (87%vs.80%, P=0.488) did not differ between the groups; No tube cuff broke in both the groups;Group S had fewer patients who suffered oral mucosal or dental injury than group M (8 vs.2, P=0.038);The blood pressure and heart rate at T0,T1,T2,T3 and T4 did not differ between the groups;Throat sore(7 vs.10, P=0.390) and hoarseness (5 vs.7, P=0.519) incidence did not differ between the groups .Conclusion:By comparison of the Macintosh laryngoscope , the SOS provides faster DLT intubation and causes less oral Mucosal or dental injury .

Objective To investigate the stress distributions on implant-bone interface and fatigue behaviors of biomimetic titanium implant under static and dynamic loading conditions to provide theoretical basis for a new implant which may effectively transfer the stress to surrounding bones. Methods A 3-D finite element model of a posterior mandible segment with an implant bone was constructed by a CAD (Pro/E Widefire 2.0) software. Two different implant models (a dense implant No.1 and a biomimetic implant No.2) were designed. The stress distributions on bone-implant interface under dynamic and static loading conditions were analyzed by Ansys Workbench 10.0 software, as well as the fatigue beha-vior of the biomimetic implant. Results The cervical cortical bones in the 2 implants were all high stress region under the same loading condition. The maximum von Mises stress on the interface and high-stress region in the cancellous bone region, and the maximum stress in the root region of the biomimetic implant were lower than those of the dense implant. The stress on the implant-bone interface decreased from the top to the bottom. The stress in the cervical cortical bone under the dynamic loading was 17.15% higher than that of the static loading. There was no significant difference in maximum stress at the cortical bone region between the dynamic and static loading conditions. The maximum stress of the dense implant in the cancellous bone region was 75.97% higher and that in the root region was 22.46% higher than that of the biomimetic implant. The maximum stress on the implant-bone interface was far less than the yield strength of pure titanium. The stress distribution in the cortical region of the biomimetic implant was 7.85% higher than that of the dense implant, and the maximum stress in the cortical bone was smaller than the yield stress of cortical bone. Within the dynamic loading of 50-300 N, the safety coefficient was all higher than 10, and with the increase of loading pressure, interface stress in the cancellous region increased linearly. Under the loading of 300 N in the axial and 25 N in the lingual 45°, the maximum stress was 11.38 MPa. Conclusion Biomimetic style implant can effectively transfer the implant-bone interface stress to surrounding bones in the cancellous bone and root region, and the structure with the improved design is safe under normal loading pressure.

Objective: To understand the characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases among young students in Zhengzhou City from 2017 to 2022, so as to provide insights into AIDS prevention and control among young students. Methods: Data of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases among young students at ages of 15 years and older in Zhengzhou City from 2017 to 2022 were collected through the Infectious Disease Surveillance System of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System and the Sentinel Surveillance Questionnaire Survey System database of the AIDS Prevention and Control Information System. Demographic information, high-risk behaviors, detection pathways and the first measurement of CD4+T lymphocyte cell (CD4 cell) counts were analyzed. Results: A total of 205 HIV/AIDS cases among young students were newly reported in Zhengzhou City from 2017 to 2022, accounting for 6.53% of the total number of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in the same period. There were 201 males and 4 females, with 132 cases at ages of 20 to 24 years (64.39%). Seventy-two cases were registered in Zhengzhou City (35.12%), and the proportion of HIV/AIDS cases registered in Zhengzhou City from 2017 to 2022 showed an upward trend (P<0.05). All cases were infected through sexual contact, including 167 cases of homosexual contact (81.46%); 143 cases had their first sexual activity at ages of 18 years and older (69.76%); 105 cases had 4 or more sexual partners (51.22%), and the proportion of HIV/AIDS cases with 4 or more sexual partners from 2017 to 2022 showed an increasing trend (P<0.05); 139 cases had never used condoms (67.80%); 132 cases were detected by counseling and testing (64.39%); 59 cases had been tested for HIV antibody before confirmation (28.78%), and the proportion of those who had been tested for HIV antibody before confirmation showed a downward trend from 2017 to 2022 (P<0.05); 190 cases of CD4 cell counts were detected, with 18 cases less than 200 cells/μL (9.47%). Conclusion From 2017 to 2022, the newly reported HIV/AIDS cases among young students in Zhengzhou City were predominantly males at ages of 20 to 24 years, with increasing proportion of local residence and homosexual transmission, and some cases have had severe immunodeficiency when they were found.

OBJECTIVETo explore the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of picroside II on extracellular regulated protein kinases1/2 (ERK1/2) signal transduction pathway in cerebral ischemia injuryrats. METHODS The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established by inserting a monofilament into middle cerebral artery. Totally 96 successfully modeled Wistar rats were divided into the modelgroup, the treatment (picroside II) group, the Lipopolysachcaride (LPS) group, and the U0126 group according to random digit table. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups, i.e. 6, 12, and 24 h sub-groups. Picroside II (20 mg/kg) was peritoneally injected to rats in the treatment group 2 h after ischemia.LPS (20 mg/kg) and Picroside II (20 mg/kg) were peritoneally injected to rats in the LPS group 2 h after ischemia. U0126-EtOH (20 mg/kg)and Picroside II (20 mg/kg) were peritoneally injected to rats in the U0126group 2 h after ischemia. Equal volume of normal saline was peritoneally injected to rats in the control groupand the model group. The neurobehavioral function was evaluated by modified neurological severity score(mNSS) test. The structure of neurons was observed using hematoxylin-eosinstaining (HE) staining. Theapoptotic cells were detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase1,2 (pERK1,2) in cortex was detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot.

RESULTSAfter cerebral ischemia injury neurological impairment score increased, the damage of neuron in the cortical area was aggravated, apoptotic cells increased in the model group as time went by. The expression of pERK1/2 increased more significantly in the model group than in the control group (P <0.05). The damage of neuron in the cortical area was milder, while apoptotic cells decreased, the expression of pERK1f2 obviously decreased more in the treatment group and the U0126 group (P < 0.05). The early damage of neuron in the cortical area was more severe, apoptotic cells and the expression of pERK12 were comparatively higher in early stage of the LPS group, but the expression of pERK1/2 was somewhat decreased in late stage.

CONCLUSIONSActivating ERK12 pathway could mediate apoptosis and inflammatory reactions of neurons after cerebral ischemia injury. Picroside II could protect the nerve system possibly through reducing activation of ERKI2 pathway, inhibiting apoptosis of neurons and inflammation reaction.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; Cinnamates ; pharmacology ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; drug therapy ; Iridoid Glucosides ; pharmacology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; drug effects ; Neurons ; pathology ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

AIM: To study the synergistic protective effect of picrosideII and NGF for the oxidative stress on PC12 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). METHODS: The fluorescent probe 6-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (CDCFH) was used to assess the intracellular reactiveoxygen species (ROS) level, and MTT assay, morphological observation as well aslactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage were conducted to measure cellular injury. RESULTS: The H2O2-induced cytotoxicity was significantly attenuated in the presence of picroside II (25 μg/mL) and NGF (2 ng/mL). Cultures with this combined treatment possessed decreased level of ROS while increased cell survival, as compared to that of picroside II or NGF alone-treated cells. Accordingly, it was concluded that their synergistic protective activities against oxidative stress in vitro were demonstrated in various aspects including reversing morphological changes, enhancingthe ability of cell proliferation and ROS scavenging. CONCLUSION: Such action supports the therapeutic potential of picroside II and NGF in treating nervous disorders based on their synergistic effect.

OBJECTIVE: To review the development and mechanism of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and the unsolved problems so as to provide reference for the clinical application of PRP.DATA SOURCES: Articles on effects of platelet-rich plasma on bone repair are searched from Medline between January 1995 and June 2005 on computer. The key words were platelet rich plasma, bone, and repair.Meanwhile, the same search was conducted to determine the correlated articles during January 1998 to June 2005 from Wanfang database with key words of platelet-rich plasma, bone and repair in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: Literatures at home and abroad on the PRP and bone repair were chosen; Non-randomized controlled literatures were included.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 40 out of 49 reports related to PRP and bone repair met the criteria. 9 reports were excluded due to the repeated same research. The rest 40 reports were sorted out and conducted literature review.DATA SYNTHESIS: Platelet-rich plasma was originally used in clinic to repair mandibular defect in 1998, by adding PRP to grafts with a radiographic maturation rate 1.62 to 2.16 times that of grafts without PRP. Up to now, PRP has been used in many medical areas to accelerate tissue healing due to its advantages of safety, simple, low-cost. But some problems still remain to be studied and solved.CONCLUSION: PRP includes many sorts of growth factors and has been proved to be beneficial to the maturation of both bone tissue and soft tissues. PRP is autologous and can be produced easily and safely from autologous blood, without the concerns of transmissions and immunological rejection of various diseases.