Objective To study the clinical significance of end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PetCO2 ) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and seek the fixed value according which to decide if we should and when to give up.Methods This was a prospective,observational study.A total of 124 patients with cardiac arrest in or out-of-hospital from may 2003 to March 2009 in emergency department of our hospital were selected.All of them had definite etiological factors.Changes of PetCO2 in 124 cardiac arrest patients during CPR were tracked.Results The gender,age,rescue time in seventy-one patients with the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after endotracheal intubation have a significant difference with that in fifty-three patients without ROSC (P ＜0.01 ).The PetCO2 of the survival were higher than that of patients without ROSC or with ROSC,but finally died (P ＜0.01 ).A fixed point 14.4 mmHg of PetCO2 after 20 minutes' CPR can be used as a reference value to guide CPR or predict prognosis.Conclusions Monitoring PetCO2 during CPR has a predictive value on the success of resuscitation.

Objective: To elucidate the effect of cervical multi-infarction on memory function. Method: Homogenous microthrombi were injected into internal carotid artery(ICA) through external carotid artery of Sprangue-Dawlay rat to get unilateral,bilateral or recurrent embolic cerebral multi-infarcction model. Water maze and passive-avoidance tests were used to assess the memorial function. Brain histopathological changes were also conducted. Result: Memorial function was severely injured,on the contrast to the pseudo-operational rats. Among the three models, unilateral,bilateral and recurrent ones, recurrent multi-infarction model is the worst on the memorial function, while the bilateral group is worse. Conclusion: Cerebral multi-infarction can cause memorial dysfunction. The degree of memorial function is closely related to the degree of ischemic severity.

A new, convenient, and rapid method for kinetic measurement of human fibrinolysis was established. The alteration of absorbance (A) in the process of blood coagulation and lyses was automatically scanned and recorded using a UV2000 spectrophotometer connected to a computer. The parameters of human fibrinolysis kinetics were established. Urokinase at 20 U/mL was the optimal concentration used. There was significant difference in fibrinolysis kinetics and plasma plasminogen concentration between 22 normal subjects and 27 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (P<0.05 and <0.01 respectively). The coefficience of variation was (5.24+/-1.51)%. This method could also be used to measure the plasma fibrinogen concentration at the same time. It was concluded that this method was stable and was capable of providing dynamic, direct experimental data and multiparemeters for clinicians. It was also valuable in evaluating the anti-and pro-fibrinolytic capcity of patients' plasmas, allowing for monitoring of therapy, choice of drugs and adjustment of drug concentrations.

Objective To study the benchmark dose (BMD) of fluoride concentration in saliva,and to evaluate the significance of saliva fluoride on control and prevention of endemic fluorosis.Methods In September 2014,middle school students in endemic fluorosis areas and non-endemic fluorosis areas in North China Petoleum were selected as objects.The contents of fluoride in water,urine and saliva were determined.The correlation of fluoride content in water,urine fluoride and fluoride concentration in saliva was analyzed.According to the levels of the saliva fluoride concentration,the children were divided into 11 groups,＜ 1.00,1.00-,2.00-,3.00-,4.00-,5.00-,6.00-,7.00-,8.00-,9.00-and ≥ 10.00 mg/L.The prevalence of dental fluorosis and defected dental fluorosis were investigated and the saliva fluoride concentration was calculated by Banch-Mark Dose Software.Results Compared with non endemic areas,the fluoride contents in water,urine and saliva [(2.13 ± 0.13),(1.29 ±0.73),(4.01 ± 3.61) mg/L] were higher than that in endemic areas [(0.67 ± 0.13),(0.38 ± 0.08),(0.75 ± 0.12) mg/L,t =158.730,24.780,18.114,all P ＜ 0.01].The fluoride concentration in saliva was positively correlated with the fluoride content in water and urine in endemic areas (r =0.626,0.945,all P ＜ 0.01).The (BMDs and benchmark dose lower bound (BMDLs) were 0.91,0.54,3.72,3.32 mg/L respectively,calculated by Banch-Mark Dose Software.With the increase of fluoride concentration in saliva,the prevalence of dental fluorosis and defect dental fluorosis had increased too,especially when the fluoride content in saliva was more than 4 mg/L.There were significant doseresponse relationships between the urine fluoride and the prevalence of dental fluorosis and defected dental fluorosis.Conclusion The fluoride concentration in saliva could be used as one of the evaluation indexes of fluorosis,and the BMD of saliva fluoride concentration in endemic fluorosis areas is suggested as 0.91 mg/L.

Objective To analyze the expression of phosphorylated protein kinase B(pAKT)and PTEN protein in ovarian epithelial cancer and to investigate the correlations between their expression and prognosis of ovarian epithelial cancers.Methods Expression of pAKT and PTEN in 12 normal ovarian tissues,20 benign tumors,12 borderline tumors and 80 cases of ovarian epithelial cancers were detected by immunohistochemical method,and their correlations were analyzed.Results The positive expression of pAKT in normal ovarian and benign tumor tissues were significantly lower than that in ovarian epithelial cancers(8%,10% vs 55%;P

AIM:To establish a fast , accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arte-riolar smooth muscle cells ( PASMCs ) , and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs.METHODS:In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask.Centrifugal procedure was not used dur-ing the cell passage .The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope .α-Smooth muscle ac-tin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence .The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apopto-sis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay .RESULTS:PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry , immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology .Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern.The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells .CCK-8 assay demonstra-ted that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h ( P<0.05) as compared with normoxia .TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple , fast, accurate and economical .The digestion time is easy to control.Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs .

The main complications of Kawasaki diseases(KD) is relative to cardiovascular,especially coronary artery.Coronary artery lesions can be showed as arteritis,artery dilatation,aneurysm,arterial stenosis and so on.As a noninvasive,convenient,fast and well reproducible inspection method,echocardiography can offer dynamically observa tion of the evolution process of coronary artery lesions in each stage,accurately measure the coronary artery diameter,evaluate heart function in children,find other cardiac complications and which has become a standard diagnosis technics.With upgrades and new technology,the echocardiography plays a more and more important role in the diagnosis of acute period of KD and observation of curative effect,prognosis and long-term follow-up of recovery period of KD.

Objective:To explore novel compounds with anti-EV71 activity. Methods: A series of oligopeptides were designed based on the active groove of the EV71 3C protease using molecular simulation technology. Furthermore, some oligopeptides were syn-thesized and tested for the inhibition ability against EV71 in vitro. Results:Pentapeptides had higher binding affinity to the EV71 3C protease than the other oligopeptides, such as compounds 25 and 16. Therefore, compounds 25 and 16 were synthesized and tested in vitro for the anti-EV71 activity, and compound 25 exhibited potent anti-EV71 activity(EC50 =1. 36 μmol·L-1, CC50 =211. 94 μmol ·L-1, SI=155. 84), while compound 16 had no evident effect on EV71. Conclusion: It is worthy of further investigation on com-pound 25 as a novel scaffold of anti-EV71inhibitor.

Objective To determine the optimum dose of dexmedetomidine for lumbar plexus combined with sciatic nerve block when mixed with ropivacaine.Methods Eighty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 18-63 yr,weighing 47-83 kg,scheduled for elective ankle joint surgery,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:ropivacaine group (group R) and different doses of dexmedetomidine mixed with ropivacaine groups (RD1-3 groups).Lumbar plexus block was performed by using psoas-compartment approach guided by a nerve stimulator.0.5％ ropivacaine 20 ml was injected in group R.0.5％ ropivacaine 20 ml containing dexmedetomidine 1.0,1.5 and 2.0 μg/kg was injected in RD1 3 groups,respectively.Labat's sciatic nerve block was performed,and 10 ml of the corresponding drug was injected in each group.The onset time and duration of sensory and motor blockade,and side effects such as cardiovascular events and excessive sedation were recorded.Results There was no significant difference in the onset time and duration of sensory and motor blockade between the four groups.The duration of sensory and motor blockade was significantly longer in RD1-3 groups than in group R,in RD2 and RD3 groups than in group RD1,and in RD3 group than in RD2 group.The incidence of over-sedation and bradycardia was significantly higher in RD3 group than in RD1.2 groups.Conclusion The optimum dose of dexmedetomidine is 1.5 μg/kg for lumbar plexus combined with sciatic nerve block when mixed with ropivacaine.

AIM:To explore the treatment methods and curative effect of amblyopia in children, and to analyze the effect of compliance on the treatment process.METHODS:The children with amblyopia treatment since January 1st 2010 in General Hospital of Jinan Military Area, were selected and completed follow-up for a total of 129 eyes of 78 patients, including 53 eyes of male in 31 cases and 76 eyes of female in 47 cases, the initial age of 3 to 12 years, the treatment were performed with accurate optometry, reasonable glasses and appropriate to cover the dominant eye based comprehensive therapy and compliance training of the parents and children.The treatment time was 12-36mo, followed up for 3a.The final therapeutic effect was observed and the difference of the stage curative effect between the children with different grade of compliance (good, moderate and poor grade) was compared.RESULTS:In the treatment of 36mo, 106 eyes were cured, 21 eyes were essentially recovered and the total cure rate was 98.4%, which was improved in 2 eyes (1.6%) and was ineffective in 0 eyes (0%);the total effective rate were 100%.The total cure rate was 69% in the treatment of 6mo and there was a significant difference in the cure rate among children with different compliance (overall comparison P<0.001, each comparison P<0.017).In the treatment of 12mo, the total cure rate was 89.1% and the cure rate were significantly different between children with the moderate compliance and the children with good compliance (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Comprehensive treatment of children with amblyopia can achieve an ideal clinical efficacy.Compliance is an important factor influencing the treatment effect and the treatment process.The parents and children`s compliance training can shorten the course of treatment and improve the curative effect.