Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) are group of cells exhibiting self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation potentials. These cells have an important role in the occurrence, development, metastasis, and recurrence of breast cancer. In normal circumstances, the ability of mammary stem cells to differentiate and undergo self-renewal is governed by related signaling pathways. After this mechanism is destroyed, breast stem cells undergo abnormal differentiation, forming breast cancer stem cells that unlimitedly proliferate to develop into breast cancer. As research on BCSC increasingly deepens, regulation of BCSC by notch signaling and its crosstalk with several signaling pathways have drawn a great deal of attention in this field. This paper reports the signaling pathways of breast cancer stem cells and latest studies on this field to better understand the essential role of notch signaling pathway in the occurrence and development of breast cancer and corresponding clinical targeted therapy.

Objective To study the expressions and correlation of nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-B) p65 and trefoil factor family-3(TFF3) in gastric cancer,in order to evaluate the roles of NF-Bp65 and TFF3 in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer,and their correlation with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection.Methods The expressions of NF-Bp65 and TFF3 were detected by immunohistochemistey in 30 normal gastric mucosa specimens ,32 dysplasia specimens and 70 gastric cancer specimens .At the same time,the infection of Hp was detected .Results In normal gastric mucosa ,dysplasia and gastric cancer ,the expression of NF-Bp65 had a increasing tendency ( compared with the normal gastric mucosa group ,χ2 =18.632,44.291,all P<0.01).The expression of NF-Bp65 in gastric cancer group was higher than that in dysplasia group (χ2 =5.205,P<0.05).The expression of TFF3 in three groups also had a increasing tendency (compared with the normal gastric mucosa group ,χ2 =16.944,22.917,all P <0.01).The expression of TFF3 in gastric cancer group was higher than dysplasia group ,but there was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2 =0.162,P>0.05).In dysplasia group,the expressions of TFF3 and NF-κBp65 in Hp positive patients were significantly higher than those in Hp negative patients (P<0.01 or P<0.05).There was significantly positive correlation between expression of NF-Bp65 and TFF3 in gastric cancer group ( r=0.350,P=0.003).Conclusion High expressions of NF-Bp65 and TFF3 may be involved in an early event of gastric cancer . NF-Bp65 expression is positively correlated with the abnormal expression of TFF 3,both of which may be involved in the development and progression of gastric cancer .

Child ; China ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Pediatrics

Objective To investigate the expressions and significance of PAX-5, OCT-2 and BOB.1 in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of CD30, CD15, PAX-5, OCT-2, BOB.1, CD20 and CD3 in 44 samples of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of HL. The histological classification was carried out according to the WHO classification for tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (2001). Results In all 44 cases, 3 (6.8) were nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) and 41 (93.2) were classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). In Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg cells, CD30 were expressed in 36 samples (81.8), CD15 in 27 (61.4), CD20 in 14 (31.8), PAX-5 in 43 (97.7), OCT-2 in 14 (31.8), and BOB.1 in 7 (15.9). All samples of NLPHL expressed OCT-2 and BOB.1, while in the samples of CHL, 30 samples (73.2) expressed both OCT-2 and BOB.1, 7 (17.1) expressed only OCT-2, 1 (2.4) expressed only BOB.1 and all were negative for CD30. Conclusion Hodgkin lymphoma is a rare neoplasm with uncertain cause and difficult to diagnose. The detection of PAX-5, OCT-2 , BOB.1 in combination with CD30, CD15 will conduce to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma.

Being linked to experimental research and manufacture practice, the preparation methods of polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oils were reviewed in this article.

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for the establishment of system about remaining drugs reclaimed by designated drugstores.METHODS: The distribution characteristics and professional service of drugstores in China were analyzed as well as the drugs reclaiming in recent years.The system about designated drugstores reclaiming drugs was designed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Designated drugstores network should be established according to the principle of convenience and professional standards.The surplus drugs of households should be reclaimed by designated drugstores for free and disposed by special agency.The cost-sharing system should be established and education of drugs reclaiming should be carried out to promote continuous implementation of drugs reclaiming system.

Objective To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics, immunophenotypes and immu-noglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Methods The clinical data of 35 patients with gastric MALT lymphoma who had been admitted to Southwest Hospital from January 1984 to June 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. The specimens of the gastric MALT lymphoma were obtained and their pathomorphological classifications were studied. The immunophenotypes and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement were detected by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. All the data were analyzed by chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results The main manifestations of patients with gastric MALT lymphoma were epigastric discomfort and abdominalgia. The percentage of patients with age≥40 accounted for 74% (26/35). The gastric MALT lyrnphoma has low differentia-tion in 32 patients, and high differentiation in 3 patients. There were 31 patients in Ⅰ E stage, 2 in Ⅱ E1 stage and 2 in Ⅳ stage. Pathological examination showed that gastric MALT lymphoma was composed of centrocyte-like cells and mononuclear-like B cells or lymphoplasma cells. Twenty-nine specimens were with lymphoepithelial lesions (83%), 2 with follicular colonization (6%), and 11 with plasma cells segregated beneath the surface epithelium (33%). All the 35 specimens were B cell immunotype. Restrictive expression of κ and λ light chains of the immunoglobulin was found in 19 cases, and Bcl-2 positive expression was found in 16 cases. High expres-sion of proliferating cell nuclear antigen was found in gastric MALT lymphoma with transformed blasts, which indicated that gastric MALT lymphoma with transformed blasts was more active in proliferation than those of low grade. A monoclonal pattern of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement was detected in 33 patients (94%). Conclusions Digestive symptoms are the main manifestations of patients with gastric MALT lymphoma. The incidence of gastric MALT lymphoma increases with age. The final diagnosis of gastric MALT lymphoma depends on the pathological, immunohistochemical examination and laboratory test.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; blood ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Silicosis ; blood ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

Objective To establish a reference range of cancellous bone ultrasonic backscatter coefficient (BSC) in term neonates,and to determine the significance of BSC in bone nutritional status in term newborns and infants.Methods Six hundred and sixty-five term newborns,who were born in Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital from July 2014 to August 2014,were enrolled.On the third day and the 42nd day after birth,all infants underwent ultrasonic measurement of the calcaneum bone using a broadband-non-focus ultrasonic transducer at three frequencies (2.25,3.5 and 5 MHz).MATLAB software was used to analyze the backscatter signals.Clinical data of the infants,including gestational age,birth weight and birth age,were recorded at the same time.Statistical analyses of the data included variance analysis,Tukey's test,rank sum test,Dunn test and Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis.Results (1) Of the 665 infants,335 were male.The mean gestational age at birth was (38.0± 1.9) weeks,and the mean birth weight was (3 1524±226) g.(2) On the third day,there were significant differences in BSC values acquired at 2.25 and 3.5 MHz among the groups with different gestational ages or birth weights (2.25 MHz:H=9.842 and 17.271;3.5 MHz:H=6.275 and 21.450,respectively,all P＜0.05).At 3.5 and 2.25 MHz,BSC values were positively correlated with gestational age (r=0.047 and 0.035,respectively,both P＜0.05) and birth weight (r=0.125 and 0.186,both P＜0.05).(3) On the 42nd day,significant differences in BSC were observed at each frequency among the groups with different gestational ages or birth weights (gestational age:H=76.832,16.498 and 32.756;birth weight:H=70.014,18.095 and 34.126;all P＜0.01).Gestational age and birth weight were positively correlated with BSC value acquired at each frequency (r=0.397,0.286 and 0.272 for gestational age,0.451,0.223 and 0.196 for birth weight;all P＜0.01).Conclusions A preliminary BSC reference percentile in term-born infants is established.There are positive correlations between BSC value and newborn gestational age and birth weight at certain frequencies,which can reflect the status of the newborn's cancellous bone.Determination of BSC value should be performed during the follow-up period to assess the nutritional status of neonatal bone.

Objective To investigate the changes of thyroid hormones in patients with peripartum car-diomyopathy. Methods Seventy-two patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy were consecutively enrolled and 72 healthy women who had normal delivery were regarded as control. Among all the subjects , free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the serum and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the plasma were measured. Results The levels of serum FT3 and FT4 in peripartum cardiomyopathy group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). And the level of serum TSH in peripartum cardiomyopathy group was significantly low-er than that in control group (P < 0.05). There were 24 cases with hyperthyroidism in peripartum cardiomyopa-thy group while no patient in the control group had hyperthyroidism (P < 0.05). The levels of plasma hs-CRP and IFN-γ in peripartum cardiomyopathy group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). And the level of IL-4 in peripartum cardiomyopathy group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Serum thyroid hormones elevated in patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy and its mechanism might be related to abnormal immune reaction.