OBJECTIVETo study the effects of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) on bone metabolism of mice in vivo.

METHODSTwenty-four male BALB/c mice were divided into a control group and 2 experimental groups (n=8). The whole-body of mice in experimental groups were exposed to 50 kV/m and 400kV/m EMP, 400 pulses daily for 7 consecutive days at 2 seconds intervals. Alkaline phosphotase (ALP) activity, serum calcium concentration and osteocalcin level and trabecular bone volume (BV/TV, %) were measured immediately after EMP exposure by biochemical, ELISA and morphological methods.

RESULTSThe ALP activity, serum calcium concentration and osteocalcin level and BV/TV in experimental groups remained unchanged after EMP exposure. Conclusion Under our experimental conditions, EMP exposure cannot affect bone metabolism of mice in vivo.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Bone and Bones ; metabolism ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Osteocalcin ; blood

Objective:To systematically review the relationship between CYP3A4*1G gene polymorphism and the analgesic effect of fentanyl-related drugs.Methods:The related literature about the effect of gene polymorphism on analgesic effect of fentanyl-related drugs published at home and abroad was searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and China Biomedical Literature databases from database establishment to August 2019. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two researchers screened the literature independently, extracted the data and evaluated the methodological quality. Data analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.1 software.Results:Six literature was enrolled with 1 050 cases, including 543 cases of wild-type homozygote (CC), 437 cases of heterozygote (CG) and 70 cases of mutant homozygote (GG). The results showed that there was no significant difference in pain score between the three groups in a pairwise comparison at 24 hours after operation (all P > 0.05), but the consumption of fentanyl-related drugs in GG group was lower than that in CC group and CG group, and the differences were statistically significant [GG group vs. CC group: standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.78, 95% CI -1.03- -0.52, P<0.01; GG group vs. CG group: SMD = -0.61, 95% CI -0.87- -0.35, P<0.01]. Conclusions:CYP3A4*1G gene polymorphism can affect the postoperative analgesia effect of fentanyl-related drugs. With the same analgesic effect, the consumption of fentanyl-related drugs in GG patients is reduced.

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of an olive oil-based lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition in patients after esophagectomy.Methods In the randomized controlled trial,60 patients undergoing esophagectomy were divided into study group(n=30,received olive oil-based lipid emulsion)and control group [n=30,received medium-chain triglyceride/long-chain triglyceride(MCT/LCT)emulsion].The parenteral nutrition Was provided for 7-10 postoperative days.The nutritional formulas were equivalent in nitrogen,calorie,osmotic pressure,and fluid volume.Peripheral venous blood tests were performed before operation and on the first and eighth postoperative days.All the patients were evaluated by nutritional status(weight,body mass index,nutritional risk screening,etc.),safety profiles[full blood test,electrolytes,aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine amiotransferase(ALT),total bilirubin and direct bilirubin,blood urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine,blood glucose,etc.],and efficacy indicators(hemoglobin,albumin,total protein,etc.).Results The albumin and total protein levels returned to the normal ranges in beth groups 8 days after operation,although both levels were significantly higher in study group(P=0.000).Also,the difference of total protein levels between the eighth and first postoperative days Was significantly higher in the study group(P=0.002).In addition,the AST and BUN readings returned to normal ranges 8 days after operation in the study group, which were significantly lower than those in control group (P = 0.025, P = 0.013).No serious adverse events were reported in both groups.Other nutritional parameters, renal and hepatic safety profiels, vital signs, and hematology showed no significant difference between two groups.Conclusions Olive oil-based lipid emulsion is a safe and efficient lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition in patients undergoing esophagectomy.Compared with MCT/LCT, it has less effect on AST and BUN.

Objective To build a bio-material artificial chest wall and discuss its feasibility and efficiency in reconstruction of huge bony defects of chest wall in mongrels in comparison with traditional "sandwich" procedure. Methods (1) The procine osteal and membranate tissues were treated with epoxy cross linking method and their surfaces were modified with amino acid solutions at various concen-trations and at different temperatures to obtain an artificial pleura and artificial ribs for construction of the artificial chest wall. (2) The huge bony defects (5 cm×5 cm) were created in chest wall of five Chinese mongrels. (3) Three mongrels in test group was repaired with artificial chest wall, while two mongrels in control group was repaired with traditional "sandwich" complex. A follow-up was carried out to observe reconstruction effect and rejection in both groups at 3,6 and 12 months after implantation. Results There was no death found during the perioperative period and at 12 month follow-up in test group, with abnormal contour of chest wall and good thoracic activity after reconstruction. In the meantime, there found no rejection, collapse in the repaired region or paradoxical respiration. The postoperative X-rays at 3,6,12 and 24 months showed a good integrity of the thorax, with no collapse, deformation or abnormal movement. Meanwhile, the follow-up of control group showed a normal contour but slight collapse, with no paradoxical respiration. The Chest X-ray examination revealed that the bone cement in" sandwich" complex was X ray opaque and showed mild abnormal movement with breathing. The common blood test and immune items showed no abnormal. Conclusions The bio-material artificial chest wall is a safe and effective reconstruction technique for bony defects of thoracic wall in mongrels, with no acute or chronic rejection.

Objective To investigate the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields(PEMFs)on proliferation and differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs).Methods EPCs were isolated from rat bone marrow by density gradient centrifugation.EPCs were exposed to PEMFs from the 5th day to the end of culture.MTT was used to measure the proliferation of EPCs.The expression ofⅧ-related antigen and NOS_3 was evaluated by flow cytometry. Results Compared with the control,the proliferating ability of EPCs exposed to PEMFs was stronger;the number ofⅧ-related antigen and NOS_3 positive cells increased significantly in EPCs exposed in PEMFs.Conclusion PEMFs promotes the proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow EPCs.

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy of the lienal polypeptide injection combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy on the short-term efficacy, Karnofsky score, immune function and adverse reactions in treatment of various cancers. Methods The databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP were retrieved from database establishing time to January 2017, and the randomized controlled trials (RCT) about lienal polypeptide injection combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced cancer were collected. The quality assessment was conducted and eligible trials were included in the Meta-analysis. Results A total of 23 articles were included, involving 1658 patients. The patients were divided into treatment group (lienal polypeptide injection combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, 842 cases) and control group (chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone, 816 cases). Results of Meta-analysis showed that the short-term effective rate (RR = 1.20, 95％ CI 1.07-1.33, P = 0.001), the improvement rate of Karnofsky score (RR = 1.77, 95％ CI 1.43-2.19, P < 0.05) and immune function related indicators: CD3+ (MD = 9.48, 95％ CI 6.76-12.20, P < 0.01), CD4+ (MD = 7.54, 95％ CI 5.38-9.71, P < 0.01), NK cells (MD = 4.47, 95％CI 3.45-5.48, P < 0.01) and CD4 +/CD8 + (MD = 0.33, 95％ CI 0.25-0.42, P < 0.01) in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. The incidence of nausea and vomiting (RR = 0.51, 95％ CI 0.35-0.73, P = 0.0002) and bone marrow suppression (RR = 0.41, 95％ CI 0.25, 0.68, P = 0.0006) in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statisticallysignificant. There was no statistical difference in CD8+ level and the incidence of neurotoxicity, diarrhea, oral mucositis and hepatic injury between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusion Lienal polypeptide injection combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy is superior to conventional radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone in the treatment of cancer, which can improve the quality of life of patients with tumors, reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting and bone marrow suppression induced by the treatment.

OBJECTIVETo explore the association and interaction between the components of metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

METHODIn this cohort study, participants (total 3598, male 1451) were recruited and followed up for five years from the program "prevention of multiple metabolic disorders and MS in Jiangsu province". We used modified Asian criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) to define the presence of MS. COX regression was used to analyze the association between the MS and its components with CVD; both the multiplication of blood pressure (BP) and 2, 3, or 4 other components of MS in the logistic regression model and the estimation of the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and the synergy index (S) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were used to evaluate the interactions between the components of MS.

RESULTSAfter adjustment for traditional CVD risks, the adjusted risk ratio (aRR) of CVD was 2.49 (95%CI: 1.59 - 3.90) in the MS group compared with the non-MS group at baseline. The aRRs of MS components to CVD were as follows: 1.44 (95%CI: 0.88 - 2.37) for waist circumference; 2.84 (95%CI: 1.73 - 4.68) for BP; 1.31 (95%CI: 0.83 - 2.07) for low high density lipoprotein; 1.84 (95%CI: 1.19 - 2.85) for triglyceride; 1.55(95%CI: 0.98 - 2.45) for fasting plasma glucose, respectively. BP was the single component significantly related to CVD (aRR = 2.58, 95%CI: 1.55 - 4.29). The risk of CVD was significantly increased (aOR = 4.47, 95%CI: 2.35 - 8.51) when BP was combined with 2, 3 or 4 other components of MS in the participants.

CONCLUSIONSOnly BP is an independent CVD risk factor in the components of MS, the risk of CVD was significantly increased when BP was combined with other components of MS in this cohort.

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; complications ; epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors

Fragmentation behavior of diterpenoids was investigated by ESI/MSn and the qualitative analysis of diterpenoids in the bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography/ multi-stage mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MSn). The characteristic fragmentation behaviors of the diterpenoids are the cleavages of the lactone ring and C4-O bond. Furthermore, the eliminations of substituent groups at C-18, C-7 and C-8 can also be observed in the MS" (n = 3-4) spectra. For C-4 acetoxy subsititued diterpenoids, [M+Na-60]+ and [M-H-104] are the base peaks of MS2 spectra in the positive and negative ionization modes, respectively. For C-4 hydroxyl subsititued diterpenoids, [M+Na-44]+ and [M-H-62] are the base peaks of MS2 in the positive and negative ionization modes, respectively. For C-18 glucosylated or esterized diterpenoids, [M+Na-44]+ is the base peak of MS2 spectra in positive ionization mode. These fragmentation rules were successfully exploited in the identification of diterpenoids in methanol/water (6:4) extract of P. kaempferi by LC-MS in positive ionization mode. A total of 9 diterpenoids were identified or tentatively characterized, and one of them is reported here for the first time. The described method could be utilized for the sensitive and rapid qualitative analysis of P. kaempferi.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Diterpenes ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Pinaceae ; chemistry ; Plant Bark ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Postoperative radiotherapy is a major treatment for patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma. However, the irregular resection cavity poses a technical difficulty for this treatment, causing uneven dose distribution to target volumes. In this study, we evaluated the dose distribution to target volumes and normal tissues in postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) after placing a water-filled balloon into the resection cavity. Three postoperative patients with advanced maxillary sinus carcinoma were selected in this trial. Water-filled balloons and supporting dental stents were fabricated according to the size of the maxillary resection cavity. Simulation CT scans were performed with or without water-filled balloons, IMRT treatment plans were established, and dose distribution to target volumes and organs at risk were evaluated. Compared to those in the treatment plan without balloons, the dose (D98) delivered to 98% of the gross tumor volume (GTV) increased by 2.1 Gy (P = 0.009), homogeneity index (HI) improved by 2.3% (P = 0.001), and target volume conformity index (TCI) of 68 Gy increased by 18.5% (P = 0.011) in the plan with balloons. Dosimetry endpoints of normal tissues around target regions in both plans were not significantly different (P > 0.05) except for the optic chiasm. In the plan without balloons, 68 Gy high-dose regions did not entirely cover target volumes in the ethmoid sinus, posteromedial wall of the maxillary sinus, or surgical margin of the hard palate. In contrast, 68 Gy high-dose regions entirely covered the GTV in the plan with balloons. These results suggest that placing a water-filled balloon in the resection cavity for postoperative IMRT of maxillary sinus carcinoma can reduce low-dose regions and markedly and simultaneously increase dose homogeneity and conformity of target volumes.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; diagnostic imaging ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnostic imaging ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; surgery ; Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; methods ; Stents ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between gene mutation and gene copy number and their association with the clinical profiles and pathological features in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSSurgical specimens of cancer tissue were collected from 118 NSCLC patients. Gene mutations in exon 19 and exon 21 were detected by real-time PCR and gene copy number was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Chi-square (χ(2)) test was performed to analyze the correlation between EGFR mutation and gene copy number, and explore their association with clinicopathological features in the NSCLC patients.

RESULTSThe mutation frequency in EGFR was 41.5% (49/118). EGFR mutations occured in 50.0% (48/96) of patients with adenocarinoma and 5.0% (1/20) of patients with squamous cell carcinoma. EGFR gene high copy number was detected in 70.3% (83/118)of the patients. The FISH-positive rate was 78.1% (75/96) in adenocarcinoma and 35.0% (7/20) in squamous cell carcinoma. EGFR mutation and high copy number mainly occurred in the adenocarcinoma, advanced stage, female gender, and non-smoking patients. There was a significant correlation between EGFR gene mutation and gene high copy number.

CONCLUSIONSEGFR gene mutation and gene high copy number are more common in Chinese NSCLC patients with adenocarcinomas, advanced stage, non-smokers and females. There is a significant correlation between gene mutation and gene high copy number. Combined analysis of EGFR mutation and gene copy number by FISH may provide a superior approach in selecting patients who may benefit from anti-EGFR target therapy.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; genetics ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Exons ; Female ; Gene Dosage ; Genes, erbB-1 ; genetics ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Mutation Rate ; Neoplasm Staging ; Sex Factors ; Smoking