Objective To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the expression of cardiac adiponectin and its receptors in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, with 8 in each: untreated control group (C group), NAC-treatment group (CT group), diabetic untreated group (D group) and diabetic NAC-treatment group (DT group). After 8 weeks, plasma glucose and insulin, and cardiomyocyte cross sectional area were measured. Cardiac protein expression of adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 (adipoR1 and adipoR2), AMP-activated protein kinase ? (AMPK?), phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase ?-subunits and glucose transporter 4 (GluT4) were determined by Western blotting. Plasma and myocardial adiponectin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Plasma and myocardial free 15-F2t-isoprostane levels were assayed by enzyme immunoassay. Results Compared with C group, the ratio of ventricular weight to body weight and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, plasma and levels of free 15-F2t-isoprostane in myocardium and the protein expression of myocardial adipoR1 increased significantly in diabetic rats (D group) (P

Objective To study the effect of Buyang Huanwutang in inhibiting the astroglial reactivity induced by injury in vitro. Methods After cultured the spinal astroglia from newborn Wistar rats for fifteen days, cells were divided into two groups, Buyang Huanwutang group and control group without Chinese herb. Nicked the bottom of cultivated cells and a injured strip of astroglia cells of 1 mm width 15 mm length was made. Immunocytochemistry method was used to demonstrate the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Results From 2 to 48 hours after the nick, GFAP expression and the astroglial reactivity were apparently inhibited by Buyang Huanwutang. Conclusion Buyang Huanwutang can inhibit the astroglial reactive proliferation induced by injury in vitro.

Objective To forward the concept of solution space of pharmacokinetics for studying radiophannaceutical distributions in animal models. Methods On the basis of special solutions of differential equations of pharmacokinetics, the solution space was established using the characteristics of linearly independent particular solutions and used to express the pharmacokinetics of pharmaceuticals in vivo. 0. 2 ml (7.4 MBq) 2β-carbomethoxy-3β- (4-corophenyl)-8-(2-18F-fluoroethyl) nortropane (18F-FECNT) was injected through tail vein into normal mice. The mice were sacrificed by decapitation at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min post-injection. Brain tissues were removed and weighed, and radioactivity was counted with the γ-counter. The solution space theory was used to study pharmacokinetics of 18F-FECNT in brain tissues of mice. Results The result showed that all solutions of pharmacokinetics models, based on differential equations, were included in the solution space. The solution of any organ or tissue could be linearly expressed by bases of the solution space. When the dimension number of the solution space was no more than 3, the solution could be directly expressed with coordinate picture. By this rule in our theory, the quantity of 18F-FECNT in brain tissues of mice changed with time, which was accorded with the experiment. The coordinates of striatum, frontal cortex, temporal cortex, occipital cortex, parietal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum in the solution space were ( 10.13, 1.49), (4.27, 0. 84), (4.48, 0.81 ), (2.89, 0.98), (3.65, 0. 83),(3.55, 0. 98) and (2.03, 1.25 ), respectively. Conclusion The theory of solution space could be used to study pharmacokinetics of 18 F-FECNT in mice brain.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of port catheter system(PCS)placement in pulmonary artery via percutaneous subclavicle vein treatment for multiple metastatic tumor in the two lungs and discuss the PCS technique.Methods Fifteen multiple metastatic tumor patients(13 hepatocellular carcinomas,one mandible grand adenocarcinoma,one oral bottom squamous carcinoma)were carried out with pulmonary artery PCS placement by way of percutaneous subclavicle vein.FPA/FPM/GP chemotherapy scheme were introduced every 4～6 weeks.Results The success rate of PCS placement technique was 93.3%(14/15).One case failed.Percutaneous subclavicle veins were performed 14 cases in right side and 1 in left one.Following up 2～43 months,2～7 chemotherapy cycles(mean 5 cycles)were accomplished,and the clinical CR and PR were achieved in 1 and 3 cases respectively with clinical efficacy rate 28.6%(4/14).Major side reaction was late wound healing in 1 case.Conclusion PCS placement in pulmonary artery treatment for multiple metastatic tumor in the two lungs is effective,and mastering operation technique is the key for increasing operation suc- cess rate.

Through study on the correlation between atractylodis lactones ingredient content and climatic factors, we research regionalization from climatic of five main producing provinces of the country, in order to provide a scientific basis for atractylodis' conscious cultivation. By sampling from 40 origins which from five main producing provinces of the country, we use SPSS to analysis variation of atractylodis lactones ingredient content in different conditions of climatic factors and the effect of each factors. Then according to the relationship between atractylodis lactones ingredient content and climatic factors, we use ArcGIS to conduct ecological suitability regionalization based on climatic factors. The most suitable climatic condition for cultivation of atractylodis: the wettest month precipitation 220-230 mm, the warmest average temperature 25 degrees C, the average temperature of driest season 10 degrees C.
Atractylodes ; chemistry ; growth & development ; China ; Climate ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Seasons ; Temperature

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) as well as their correlations with the initial severity of TBI and prognosis.Methods A total of 229 patients with acute TBI admitted from September 2014 to June 2016 were retrospectively studied.Patients were further classified as mild TBI group (GCS 13-15 points),moderate TBI group (GCS 9-12 points) and severe TBI group (GCS 3-8 points) according to Glasgow coma score (GCS).The control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects.The prognosis was evaluated by using Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at 6 months after TBI.The IGF-1 levels were further tested at days 1,3,5,7 and 14 and their correlations with the initial GCS and GOS at 6 months after injury were evaluated.Results (1) The serum IGF-1 levels of mild,moderate and severe TBI group at all time points were significantly lower than those of the control group (P ＜ 0.05);the serum IGF-1 levels of severe and moderate TBI groups at all time points after injury were significantly lower than those of the mild TBI group (P ＜0.05);the serum IGF-1 levels of the severe group at days 1,3,5 and 7 d after injury were lower than those of the moderate TBI group (P＜0.05).(2) IGF-1 levels were significantly different between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05) at different time points during the follow-up of 6 months.(3)IGF-1 levels were positively correlated with both GCS and GOS at the acute stage of TBI and sub-acute stage following TBI (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The dynamic changes of serum IGF-1 levels in patients with acute TBI are related to both initial severity of TBI and the neurological outcomes and can be used as a reliable biomarker for early severity assessment and prognostic prediction of TBI.

Aspergillus niger is an important industrial workhorse with extensive application in the sectors of industrial enzymes, heterogeneous proteins, organic acids and etc. The disclosure of its genomic sequence to the public brought the study of A. niger into the post-genomic era. Diverse omic data are being produced massively and rapidly, which largely upgrades our understanding to the hyperproduction mechanism of A. niger to a systems and molecular level. At meanwhile, its genetic operating system is becoming mature, which enables genome-scale genetic perturbation within A. niger. In conclusion, we are on the right way to redesign and engineer A. niger to an omnipotent cellular factory.
Aspergillus niger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Biotechnology ; methods ; Enzymes ; genetics ; secretion ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Genes, Fungal ; Genome, Fungal ; Protein Biosynthesis ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; secretion ; Transcription, Genetic

Objective Background and objective The Cox maze Ⅲ procedure has been considered the gold standard for the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) and the modified Cox maze use bipolar radiofrequency ablation instead of the cut-and-sew technique,while also reducing the connecting lines in left atrium.This study was to understand whether completely isolation the posterior left atrium by increasing left atrium ablation lines can enhance the survival after modified Cox maze procedure.Methods From Jan 2009 to Dec 2009,all the patients underwent the Cox maze procedure,following the same examination,were divided into two groups (case-control): box lesion group (n =60),which is means the right and lefi pulmonary vein lesions were connected inferiorly by adding ablation lines,thereby completely isolating the posterior left atrium and the non-box lesion group (n =60).Similar interventions were given during the perioperative periods.Comparing the risk factors before surgeries,then follow-up was 100％ complete,and the mean follow-up was 9 ± 8.4 months.Results Except the box lesion had long time of extracorporeal circulation,the characteristics of the 2 groups were similar because there were no differences in age,AF duration,left atrial diameter,left ventricular ejection fraction or homochronous operation between the groups and there was no operative death.No patient was lost to follow-up.In the mean follow-up duration,a patient was died of intracerebral hemorrhage at 2 months postoperationly in the box lesion group and a patient suffered from stroke at 12 months postoperationly in the non-box lesion.The overall freedom from AF recurrence was higher in the box lesion group at 1 (70％ vs 51.2％,P =0.039) and 3 (78.3％ vs 60％,P =0.030) months.While it was 80％ vs 71.7％ (P =0.286) at 6 months.Eight patients wrere readmitted because of the recurrence of AF,4 and 2 patients underwent catheter ablation in box and non-box group respectively,one patient in each group underwent electrical conversion.After treatment,all of the patients were recovered to sinus rhythm and continued to take cordarone.Conclusion Compared to the single connecting between right and left pulmonary vein,isolating the entire posterior left atrium by creating a box lesion showed higher freedom from AF in the earlier months (1-3months).However,half a year after the surgery,there were no significant differences between the two groups.

Objective To observe the relationship of IL-10 gene single nucleotide polymorphism and the susceptibility to ALL. Methods The bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from 115 ALL patients and 323 healthy controls were collected in Peking University First Hospital and Beijing Dao-pei Hospital from January 2007 to December 2009. The DNA were extracted from all samples. The primers of -819C/T and -592A/C in the promoter region of IL-10 gene were designed for the PCR. The restrictive fragment length polymorphism of IL-10 gene was analyzed by using restrictive enzyme Msl Ⅰ and HpyCH4 Ⅲ.Sequencing was done in part of these samples to confirm the results of PCR. The differences of genotypes and allele ratio of -819 and -592 sites were analyzed between the ALL patients and healthy controls. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the EB virus (EBV) infection and the expression of BCR/ABL fusion gene. The differences of genotypes and allele ratio of -819 and -592 sites were analyzed between the positive and negative group. Results The genotype ratios of -819CC, -819TT, - 819CT, -592AA,- 592CC and - 592AC were 14. 8% ( 17/115 ), 45.2% ( 52/115 ), 40. 0% ( 46/115 ), 43.5% ( 50/115 ),16. 5% ( 19/115 ), 40. 0% ( 46/115 ) in ALL patients, and were 9. 9% ( 32/323 ), 16. 4% ( 53/323 ),73.7% ( 238/323 ), 11.8% ( 38/323 ), 15.5% ( 50/323 ), 72. 8% ( 235/323 ) in the healthy controls,respectively. The genotypes of -819 and -592 sites had statistically significant differences between the two groups(x2 values were 46.000 and 54.550, all P ＜ 0. 05 ). The allele ratio of -819T and -592A were (65.2%, 150/230) and (63.5%, 146/230) in ALL patients, while they were 53.5% (344/646) and 48. 1% (311/646)in the healthy controls. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (x2 values were 9. 877 and 15.986, all P ＜ 0. 05 ). The EBV DNA were detected in 42 ALL patients,among which 22 were positive and 20 were negative. The genotype ratios of -819CC, -819TT, -819CT,-592AA, - 592CC, - 592AC in EBV positive group were 9. 1% ( 2/22 ), 40. 9% ( 9/22 ), 50. 0%(11/22) ,31.8% ( 7/22 ), 13.6% ( 3/22 ), 54. 5% ( 12/22 ), while they were 35.0% ( 7/20 ), 45.0%(9/20) ,20. 0% (4/20) ,35.0% (7/20) ,45.0% (9/20) ,20. 0% (4/20) in the EBV negative group. The genotypes of -819 and -592 sites showed no statistical differences between the two groups( all P ＞ 0. 05 ).The BCR/ABL fusion gene were detected in 36 ALL patients, among which 20 were positive and 16 were negative. The genotype ratios of - 819CC, - 819TT, - 819CT, - 592AA, - 592CC, - 592AC in BCR/ABL positive group were 0% (0/20) ,45.0% (9/20) ,55.0% ( 11/20), 45. 0% (9/20) ,5.0% (1/20) ,50. 0%( 10/20), while they were 18. 8% ( 3/16 ), 50. 0% ( 8/16), 31.3% ( 5/16 ), 50. 0% ( 8/16 ), 18. 8%(3/16), 31.3 % (5/16)in the BCR/ABL negative group. The genotypes of -819 and -592 sites showed no statistical differences between the two groups ( all P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The population with - 819TT and - 592AA genotype of IL-10 gene shows susceptibility to ALL.

Objective To investigate the indications, techniques and results of laparoscopic hepatectomy. Methods The clinical data and follow-up results of 463 patients who received laparoscopic hepatectomy at our institute were retrospectively analyzed. Results From March 1, 2007 to March 31, 2011, 463 cases of laparoscopic hepatectomy were successfully carried out. Of the 463 patients,165 were with primary liver cancer, 29 with metastatic liver cancer, 143 with hepatic hemangioma, 81with hepatolithiasis and 45 with other benign liver diseases (including hepatic angiomyolipoma, hepatocellular adenoma, focal nodular hyperplasia and chronic liver abscess). The surgical approaches included laparoscopic left lateral lobectomy (93 cases), left hepatectomy (71 cases), extended left hepatectomy (4 cases), right hepatectomy (29 cases), right posterior lobectomy (24 cases), hepatectomy of segment Ⅵ (56 cases), extended right hepatectomy (2 cases), central hepatectomy (8 cases) and hepatectomy of segments Ⅶ/Ⅷ, Ⅳa, caudate lobe and the junction of segment Ⅵ and Ⅶ (41 case).Nonanntomic and wedge resection were performed on 121 patients, and combined resection on 14 patients. The mean operation time, blood loss, length of hospital stay and incidence of postoperative complications were (244.71 ± 105. 07) minutes, (460. 26±425.81) ml, (15.51 ±4.36) days and 9.29%, respectively. And no operative death occurred. In the 194 cases with malignant liver lesions,185 cases were followed up for 2 to 50 months. The 1 year and 3 year overall and disease free survival rate were 90. 8% and 87.9% , 84.2% and 73. 7% respectively. Conclusions As a means of minimally invasive surgical approach, laparoscopic hepatectomy can be selectively adopted for the treatment of all kinds of liver diseases which located at different parts of the liver, with the advantages of smaller trauma, quick recovery and cosmetic benefits. The short-term results of laparoscopic hepatectomy is superior to and its long-term results is equal to that of open surgery. Benign liver diseases, small hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver cancer are the good indications for laparoscopic hepatectomy.