Objective :To study the two common method of internal irradiation for nanometer-iron nuclide,and how to estimation of the absorbed dose for each of them.Methods:We chose the nanometer-iron nuclide emitting β-ray during the decay period,Respectively,Arterial injected into the liver or percutaneous puncture direct inject into the liver.Results:Through the formula,a few nanometer-iron nuclide can produced greater radiation.Conclusion:The estimation of absorbed dose depends on the therapy method.

AIM　To investigate the transdermal delivery effects of cyclosporine A solubilized in mixed micelles composed of phospholipid and different surfactants. METHODS　When applied onto the excised abdominal skin of the mice occlusively, the enhancing effects of various mixed micelles on the penetration of cyclosporin A were assessed by an in vitro permeation technique. In vivo study was carried out by topical application of sodium cholate-phospholipid mixed micelles onto the mice skin and drug blood concentration was detected. RESULTS　In vitro, mixed micelles containing different surfactants displayed distinct permeability and corresponded to the following order: sodium cholate > sodium deoxycholate > Trition X-100 > Tween-20. In vivo, peak drug concentration was detected at 5 h and after that the concentration fell down slowly. CONCLUSION　Mixed micelles were shown to be efficient carrier for the transdermal delivery of the lipophilic polypeptide when kept in solution during the application process.

Some studies on nocardiosis in cultured fish were critically reviewed,including pathogenic bacterium,taxonomy,pathogenicity,histopathologically,diagnosis,controlling method and immunology. Some problem and advice on this disease were suggested.

To analysis the differences between Tripterygium wilfordii and T. hypoglaucum, specimens of their leaves were collected from five production regions and analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The data were analyzed by multivariate statistical method, such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal signal correction partial least square discrimination (OPLS-DA). Potential markers with VIP values above 5.0 and corresponding r values above 0.85, were selected and further tested by combining mann-Whitney nonparametric. Those with P < 0.001 and AUC = 1 were confirmed as metabolite markers to discriminate them from each other. Results revealed that the two species were obviously different in their leaf metabolites. Based on their mass spectra, 23 potential metabolite markers were identified to distinguish T. wilfordii from T. hypoglaucum.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Tripterygium ; chemistry ; classification ; metabolism

Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Carthami Flos is a famous Chinese medicine pair (CMP). Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma can promote blood circulation for removing blood stasis, and Carthami Flos can promote blood circulation for removing meridian obstruction and remove blood stasis for relieving pain. The two herbs are important TCMs for activating blood. Danhong injection is the classic application of the two herbs compatibility, which was made from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Carthami Flos with scientific formalation by extraction and refining. The CMP is used for treatement of organ flood insufficiency and ischemic infarction diseases. It can obviously relieving symptoms of angina pectoris, improve myocardial ischemia, regress atherosclerosis plaque, and inhibit thrombus. This paper elaberated the bio-active constituents, compatibility effects and action mechanism, and clinical applications of the CMP in order to further upgrade basic research and application levels of the CMP.
Animals ; Carthamus tinctorius ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

To propose the new concept of multidimensional omics, and define that the multidimensional omics is a proper method for studying the material base and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds. Zhuanggu Zhitong capsule was taken for example to study its effect against experimental postmenopausal osteoporosis. From the perspective of chemi-omics, genomics and proteomics of TCM, it systematically interpreted the efficacious materials and mechanisms of Zhuanggu Zhitong capsule in preventing and treating experimental postmenopausal osteoporosis, while taking the lead in designing a three dimensional form to intuitively exhibit the results of the multidimensional omics study. This study provides a new idea and solution for studies on the efficacious materials and mechanisms of TCM compounds.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Genomics ; Humans ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proteomics

OBJECTIVETo explore relationship between volume of bone cement injection and concurrent of fracture after thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral fracture treated by percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP).

METHODSFrom January 2006 to December 2008,68 patients with thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral fracture treated by PKP were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 30 patients with less than 3 ml bone cement injection (mean 2.5 ml, low group), including 11 males and 19 females, with an average age of (85.0 +/- 8.5) years (ranging for 60 to 91); 38 cases with over 4 ml bone cement injection (mean 4.5 ml, large group), including 15 males and 23 females,with an average age of (86.0 +/- 9.2) years (ranging for 60 to 93). Factors of concurrent vertebral fractures were observed during follow-up.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 3.4 to 5.1 years with an average of 3.8 years. Thirteen patients (43.3%) co-occurred fracture in low group,among which strengthened concurrent vertebral fracture occurred in 1 case,upper and lower section adjacent vertebral fracture in 8 cases,distal segment of vertebral fracture in 4 cases; while 18 patients (47.3%) co-occurred fracture in large group,among which strengthened concurrent vertebral fracture occurred in 2 cases, upper and lower section adjacent vertebral fracture in 10 cases,distal segment of vertebral fracture in 6 cases. No significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBone cement injection is not main influence factors for treating concurrent of fracture after thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral fracture by PKP. Concurrent fracture mainly relates with progress of osteoporosis, the volume of injection volume may appropriately over the volume of balloon.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Cements ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Injections ; Kyphoplasty ; adverse effects ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; etiology ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery

BACKGROUNDAngiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) is an endothelial-specific growth factor that can promote angiogenesis. Studies demonstrated that Ang-1 can inhibit apoptosis of umbilical endothelial cells, but so far little is known about its effects on apoptosis of microvascular endothelial cells. With the apoptotic model of murine-cerebral-derived microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3) induced by serum-free culture, we attempted to clarify the molecular mechanism of bEnd.3 apoptosis, particularly its relation to cytochrome C (Cyt C).

METHODSThe cultured microvascular endothelial cell strain, bEnd.3 cell, was employed. An apoptotic model of bEnd.3 was established by serum-free culture. Flow cytometry after Annexin labeling and PI staining were used to assess the apoptotic effects of Ang-1 on bEnd.3, and the expression of Bax/Bcl-2, caspase 8, caspase 3, and Cyt C were detected with Western blotting and ELISA.

RESULTSThe apoptotic rate of bEnd.3 cells after stimulation with Ang-1 (100 ng/L) in serum-free medium was significantly higher than that in control group. Ang-1 inhibited early-stage apoptosis more than late-stage apoptosis provided by propidium iodide (PI) and AnnexinV double staining. The inhibition of Ang-1 on bEnd.3 cell apoptosis was strengthened with the increase in concentration (0 - 400 ng/ml). Ang-1 could decrease the expression of Bax, caspase3 and 8, and increase that of Bcl-2. The results of ELISA indicated that Ang-1 significantly decreased CytC content in cytoplasm and increase that in mitochondria.

CONCLUSIONSAng-1 could inhibit bEnd.3 apoptosis induced by serum-free medium culture. The apoptosis was associated with decreased Bax expression, increased Bcl-2 expression, which result in Cyt C transferring from mitochondria to cytoplasm, and then caspases activation are reduced and cell apoptosis is suppressed.

Angiopoietin-1 ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Annexin A5 ; analysis ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; Caspase 8 ; Caspases ; analysis ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytochromes c ; physiology ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Mice ; Microcirculation ; drug effects ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; analysis

Pharmaceutical market is a typical market with information asymmetry, and which can lead to "lemons" problem. In all developed countries, firms must receive regulatory approval to market a pharmaceutical product. Such administrative department including SFDA, EMA, FDA and so on. Chinese materia medica is a special part of pharmaceutical market in China. The management of Chinese materia medica is a special challenge in China.
Accreditation ; Materia Medica ; economics ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; Reference Standards ; Social Control, Formal

Objective To analyze the differences of biochemical and immunological indicators in gender or Lee′s classification of IgA nephropathy ( IgAN) to provide laboratory evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment of IgAN.Methods Retrospective cohort study.The information of biochemical and immunological indicators of 213 in-hospital patients which were admitted in Chinese PLA General Hospital in June to December, 2012.The data were collected and analyzed with t-test, non-parameter analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, ROC curves analysis and Logistic regression analysis according to gender or Lee′s classification ( Lee′s≤3 group and Lee′s>3 group).Results In this study, the average age and sex ratio of patients with IgAN was ( 35.0 ±10.6 ) years old and 2.04∶1.00.T-test and non-parameter analysis indicated homocysteine(HCY), immunoglobulin E (IgE), immunoglobulin M (IgM), prealbumin (PA), ceruloplasmin ( CP) ,α1-acidoglycoprotein(α1-AGP) , albumin ( Alb) ,α2-globulin(α2-G) andγ-globulin (γ-G) had significant difference in gender (P<0.05).And cystantin-C (CYS-C), HCY, complement 4 (C4),β2-microglobulin(β2-MG), PA, α1-AGP, α1-globulin(α1-G), immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM and transferrin ( TF ) had significantly different in Lee′s classification ( P<0.05 ).ROC curves analysis showed that the areas under curves of CYS-C andβ2-MG were 0.891 and 0.839 respectively;the sensitivity was 90.2%and specificity was 75.3% when cutoff value of CYS-C was 1.56 mg/L; the sensitivity was 80.3%and specificity was 78.8% when cutoff value of β2-MG was 0.275 mg/dl.Logistic regression analysis showed that CYS-C ( OR: 31.380, 95% CI: 10.808 -91.113, P=0.000 ) and HCY ( OR:1.035, 95%CI:1.002-1.069, P=0.040) were introduced into the model after twice variable selections.ROC curve of CYS-C combined with HCY for classifying Lee′s classification showed that the sensitivity, specificity, Jorden index and AUC were 0.843, 0.862, 0.705 and 0.894 ( P=0.000 ) , respectively.Conclusions CYS-C,β2-MG, PA and HCY were valuable indicators for Lee′s classification.CYS-C andβ2-MG had high correlation with Lee′s classification, which indicated that these two tests were related to the severity of IgAN.CYS-C combined with HCY could improve the diagnostic efficiency of IgAN Lee′s classification.Combination of biochemical and immunological indicators could improve the accuracy of Lee′s classification and provide effective laboratory evidence for clinical treatment of IgAN.