Objective To study the difference in the measurement of the absorbed dose in water between the dosimetry protocols of IAEA TRS-398 and TRS-277 for high-energy electron beams.Methods The differences were compare in absorbed doses from 6 kinds of electron beams among the three methods of using cylindrical chamber,plane-parallel chamber and cross-calibrated plane-parallel chamber which was calibrated in user' s high-energy electron beam according to IAEA TRS-398 and IAEA TRS-277.Results The difference in absorbed doses measured,following the two protocols,was 0.4％-2.3％ for planeparallel chamber,0.6％-2.2％ for cylindrical chamber,and 0.5％-2.0％ for cross-calibrated chamber.The differences in measured absorbed doses between the two dosimetry protocols were slight.Conclusions The methods used to determine absorbed dose to water recommanded by IAEA TRS-398 for high-energy beams are more accurate and more suitable for clinical users to measure compared to the TRS-277.

Objective To investigate the influence of treatment table with C-arm and immobilization device in IMRT planning accuracy, and to explore methods to solve this problem.Methods The solid water slabs and the ionization chamber was scanned and images were transmitted to the treatment planning system (TPS).Beam parameters in the TPS were set with 6 MV beam and 100 MU exposures were used.Measurements were performed at two different sizes of 5 cm×5 cm and 10 cm×10 cm.The gantry was rotated through angles from 0° to 180° with measurements taken at 5° increments.The measure point was set at center of the ionization chamber' measure point, which was also the central point of planning.The center axis of Matrix was aligned with the center of couch and was irradiated in accordance with the same conditions.OmniPro-FmRT software was used to compare and analyze the dose distribution of the radiation field of measurement and the treatment planning system output.Using the function of add constant value to find the appropriate coefficient to improve the plan total dose.The dose distributions for each beam in IMRT plans which was increased or unincreased total dose were measured for 6 patients with pelvic tumor respectively.Results In radiation therapy, treatment couch and immobilization device may attenuate radiotherapy dose.The impact of the incident range from 65°-70° and 115°-125° were the largest.Increasing the total dose of the treatment plan by 2％ could compensate the attenuation of the treatment table and immobilization device.Conclusions In radiation therapy, the impact of the incident range from 65°-70°, 115°-125° and another side of 290°-295° and 230°-245° should be avoided.The attenuation should not be neglected in the TPS and dose should be compensated by adjusting beams' MU.

Aged ; Ear Neoplasms ; pathology ; Ear, Middle ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Papilloma ; pathology

In order to construct a eukaryotic co-expression plasmid containing membrane-anchored Sjcl4FABP and Sjc26GST genes and identify their expression in vitro, Sj14 and Sj26 genes were obtained by RT-PCR with total RNA of Schistosoma japonicum adult worms as the template and cloned into eukaryotic expression plasmid pVAC to construct recombinant plasmids pVAC-Sj14 and pVAC-Sj26. Then a 23 amino-acid signal peptide of human interleukin-2 (IL-2) upstream Sj14 or Sj26 gene and a membrane-anchored sequence containing 32 amino-acids of carboxyl-terminal of human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) downstream were amplified by PCR as the template of plasmid pVAC-Sj14 or pVAC-Sj26 only to get two gene fragments including Sj14 gene and Sj26 gene. The two modified genes were altogether cloned into a eukaryotic co-expression plasmid pIRES, resulting in another new recombinant plasmid pIRES-Sj26-Sj14. The expression of Sj14 and Sj26 genes was detected by RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescent assays (IFA) when the plasmid pIRES-Sj26-Sj14 was transfected into eukaryotic Hela cells. Restriction enzyme analysis, PCR and sequencing results revealed that the recombinant plasmids pVAC-Sj14, pVAC-Sj26 and plRES-Sj26-Sj14 were successfully constructed and the expression of modified Sj14 and Sj26 genes could be detected by RT-PCR and IFA. A bivalent membrane-anchored DNA vaccine encoding Sj14 and Sj26 genes was acquired and expressed proteins were proved to be mostly anchored in cellular membranes.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of MSCT in Solitary Pulmonary Nodules (SPN) with different pathologic types .Methods Four-five SPN with pathological findings including 16 benign cases and 29 malignant cases were retrospectively an-alyzed ,and performed with MSCT scanning .Observation of the distribution ,morphology and internal characteristics of SPN by post-processing technique were done ,and the results were compared with pathological findings .Results Among 45 SPN ,the benign nodules included 6 cases of inflammatory pseudotumor ,4 cases of tuberculoma ,3 cases of hamartoma ,2 cases of cryptococcus and 1 case of hemangioendothelioma ,and the malignant nodules included 21 cases of adenocarcinoma ,3 cases of squamous carcinoma ,2 ca-ses of small cell carcinoma and 3 cases of alveolar cell carcinoma .Average diameter of benign nodules was 2 .1 cm ,and 2 .6 cm for the malignant nodules .All SPN ,including 5 cases in the inner zone ,12 in the medial zone and 28 in the lateral zone ,the percentages with malignant signs at the corresponding parts were 40% (2/5) ,50% (6/12) ,75% (21/28) ,there was significant difference be-tween distributions(P<0 .05) .The distributions of malignant nodules in the upper and lower lung lobe had no significant difference (P>0 .05);the incidences of leaf sign ,burr sign ,pleural indentation sign ,cavitas and bronchial air sign ,blood vessels cluster sign of malignant nodules were higher than that of the benign nodules(P<0 .05) ,and the inflammatory pseudotumor and adenocarcinoma owned similar characteristics ;the incidence of calcification in tuberculoma and hamartoma was high ,while cavitas in tuberculosis and lung cancer were high .Conclusion MSCT can sufficiently display the distribution ,morphology and internal characteristics of SPN , and can help make qualitative diagnosis of benign and malignant SPN ,providing great practical value in clinical treatment .

Objective Clutching internal fixtor(CIF)loose and the fixed part weakly heal up are often found in orthopedic clinic.In the present paper,biomechanics methods were used to try to explain and analyze these issues,providing a helpful suggestion for the application of CIF in clinic.Method Commerical finite element models(FEM)Program ANSYS was applied to set up the finite element models of orthopedic CIF and bone tissue to analyze and evaluate the biomechanical performances of the NiTi shape memory alloy CIF.Results There is an interaction force between embracing force of CIF and resistant force of bone tissue during the orthopedic clinical treatment.The embracing force along two semi-circular arms of CIF is increasing from the open position and reached the maximum value at the open symmetry position where the deformation of the bone occurred.Conclusion It is the key to choose the force loading position during the practical treatment,as the concentration force is the main force when there is an interactive force between the bone and the CIF.

Objective Clutching internal fixtor(CIF)loose and the fixed part weakly heal up are often found in orthopedic clinic.In the present paper,biomechanics methods were used to try to explain and analyze these issues,providing a helpful suggestion for the application of CIF in clinic.Method Commerical finite element models(FEM)Program ANSYS was applied to set up the finite element models of orthopedic CIF and bone tissue to analyze and evaluate the biomechanical performances of the NiTi shape memory alloy CIF.Results There is an interaction force between embracing force of CIF and resistant force of bone tissue during the orthopedic clinical treatment.The embracing force along two semi-circular arms of CIF is increasing from the open position and reached the maximum value at the open symmetry position where the deformation of the bone occurred.Conclusion It is the key to choose the force loading position during the practical treatment,as the concentration force is the main force when there is an interactive force between the bone and the CIF.

Background:Clinical features and outcomes of heart failure (HF) with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) remain controversial.Thus,we systematically reviewed literatures of clinical research to assess and analyze characteristics and prognosis of patients with HFmrEF.Methods:PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science were searched for cohort studies up to April 23,2019.Clinical features and multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of endpoints of short-term all-cause mortality (SAM),long-term all-cause mortality (LAM),long-term cardiovascular death (LCD) and long-term HF rehospitalization (LHR) among patients with HFmrEF and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF),HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were well addressed.The primary outcome was LAM.Results:Totally 19 studies were included in this study with 164,678 patients enrolled.The follow-up time of LAM was 3.6 ± 2.5 years.HRs of LAM,SAM,LCD,LHR indicated that the risks of patients with HFmrEF were higher than HFpEF patients but lower than HFrEF patients,as for LAM,HFmrEF:HFpEF (reference) HR:1.07,95％ confidence interval (CI):1.00-1.15 (I2=63％,P =0.0005);HFmrEF:HFrEF (reference) HR:0.80,95％ CI:0.73-0.88 (I2=70％,P ＜ 0.0001).However,HFmrEF patients had the lowest rate in LAM (30.94％),SAM (2.73％),LCD (17.45％),LHR (26.36％) compared with the other two groups.Conclusions:This systematic review and meta-analysis compared features and prognosis between patients with HFmrEF and HFpEF,HFrEF by HRs.There appeared a special "separation phenomenon" showing rates of endpoints were inconsistent with their hazards in patients with HFmrEF compared with HFpEF patients.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Telbivudine (LDT) Tablet combined with Jianpi Bushen Recipe (JBR) on serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and HBeAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

METHODSTotally 90 HBeAg-positive and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 positive CHB patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group, 45 cases in each group. Patients in the treatment group took LDT Tablet (600 mg, once per day) combined with JBR granule (twice per day), while those in the control group took LDT Tablet alone. The therapeutic course for all was one year. HBV DNA negative conversion rate, HBeAg seroconversion rate, and level of HBV specific CTL were compared after 1 year treatment; liver function, drug resistance mutations, and adverse reactions were also compared between the two groups.

RESULTSAfter 1 year treatment, HBV DNA negative conversion rate and HBeAg seroconversion rate were 88.89% (40/45) and 40.00% (18/45) in the treatment group, higher than those of the control group [68.89% (31/45) and 20.00% (9/45)], with statistical difference (P < 0.05). Level of HBV specific CTL in the treatment group was 0.78% +/- 0.09% after treatment, higher than that of the control group after 1 year treatment (0.54% +/- 0.11%) and that before treatment (0.36% +/- 0.07%), with statistical difference (P < 0.01). Level of HBV specific CTL in 27 patients with HBeAg seroconversion was 0.81% 0.10%, higher than that of 63 patients without HBeAg seroconversion (0.60% +/- 0.09%), with statistical difference (P < 0.01). ALT returned to normal in 44 cases of the treatment group (97.78%), while it was 42 cases (93.33%) of the control group, with no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Total bilirubin (TBil) in the two groups all turned to normal. rtM204I variation occurred in 1 case (2.22%) of the treatment group and 2 cases (4.44%) in the control group. No obvious adverse reaction occurred in the two groups.

CONCLUSIONLDT Tablet combined with JBR could elevate levels of HBV specific CTL and HBeAg seroconversion in CHB patients.

Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Seroconversion ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; Tablets ; Thymidine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo observe the short-term therapeutic effects of Herbert screw fixation on type Mason II, Ill radial head fractures.

METHODSFrom March 2008 to July 2010,15 patients with Mason II, III radial head fractures were treated by open reduction and Herbert screw fixation including 6 males and 9 females with the mean age of 32 years (from 18 to 55). Seven cases were left and 8 cases were right. The interval from injury to hospitalization ranged from 3 to 10 hours. The clinical symptoms were swelling, pain, restricted movement in elbow. Bonycrepitus were heard on the elbow joint and X-ray film showed radial head fractures. Mayo elbow scoring system was used to evaluate recovery of elbow function.

RESULTSAll the incisions primarily healed without myositis ossificans. All the patients were followed up for 6 to 15 months. According to Mayo elbow score, the result was excellent in 8 cases, good in 5 cases and fair in 2 cases. Mayo score was (86.67+/-1.26) points, which including pain (53.33+/-9.76), joint function(27.33+/-4.58), joint stability(6.00+/-2.07) elbow joint mobility was 70 degrees-130 degrees with the average of (105+/-10) degrees, forearm rotation was 1000-1300 with the average of (120+/-16) degrees.

CONCLUSIONTreatment of Mason II, II radial head fractures with Herbert screw fixation has advantages of satisfactory reduction, reliable fixation,easy operating and early movement of joint.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radius Fractures ; surgery