AlM:To investigate the prevalence of pterygium of the household population aged 40 and above in Hengli Town of Dongguan.
METHODS: Using the method of cluster random sampling, select 3 628 people aged 40 and above in four villages and one community for visual examination, intraocular pressure check, slit lamp examination and questionnaire.
RESULTS: The actual number of subjects was 3 393 people, and examination rate was 93. 52%. We detected 843 patients with pterygium. The prevalence of pterygium was 24. 85%.
CONCLUSlON:There is high prevalence of pterygium in Dongguan area. The prevalence of pterygium is related with age and working environment, but has no relation with gender.

Antigens ; analysis ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; metabolism ; Citric Acid ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; analysis ; Edetic Acid ; Formaldehyde ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intestinal Mucosa ; immunology ; Ki-67 Antigen ; analysis ; Microwaves ; Palatine Tonsil ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 ; analysis

Objective To explore the risk factors of and the influence of different hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA load on paternal vertical transmission of HBV.Methods Totally,161 HBsAg negative women,whose husband was HBsAg positive,attended the antenatal clinics of the Provincial Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Fujian from September 2007 to December 2008 and their newborns were selected,and the epidemiologic information,the duration of being a HBV carrier,the first class HBV family history of the fathers,HBV markers,HBV DNA load,HBsAb of the gravidas,the outcomes of the newborns were all collected.Cord blood was sampled after delivery for HBV DNA quantification and those with HBV DNA load ≥1.0×103 copy/ml were chosen as the case group and those ＜ 1.0×103 copy/ml as control.Results (1) Among the 161 newborns,36 HBV DNA positive cord blood samples were detected,giving a rate of 22.4% (36/161) for paternal vertical transmission of HBV.The HBV DNA positive rate in cord blood was 32.0% (23/72) in HBeAg-positive fathers and 14.6% (13/89) in HBeAg-negative fathers.(2) Univariate analysis showed that HBeAg-positive,HBV DNA positive,first class family history of HBV and the duration of being a HBV carrier of the fathers were risk factors of paternal HBV vertical transmission[X2= 6.892,29.916,29.499 and 23.821,OR = 2.7,5.2,8.3 and 1.4 (P＜0.01)].(3) Multivariate analysis found that paternal serum HBV DNA positive and the first class family history of HBV of the father side were risk factors of paternal vertical transmission of HBV (OR = 11.1,95% CI;4.6-27.1;OR = 17.1,95% CI:3.5-82.6).(4) According to the different serum HBV DNA load of the HBsAg-positive father,7 groups were divided.A dose dependent effect was found that the HBV DNA positive rate of the cord blood increased with the rising of HBV DNA load.No HBV DNA positive cord blood was detected when paternal HBV DNA load was＜1.0×104 copy/ml,while 100% of the cord blood were positive when paternal HBV DNA load≥1.0×108 copy/ml.(5) The average birth weight of the newborns in the two groups was the same (3.3±0.4) kg.And the delivery mode,gestational age at delivery,height and Apgar score of the newborns at 1 minute,neonatal pathological jaundice and other complications had no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).No relationship was found between the neonatal outcomes and the paternal HBV vertical transmission (P＞0.05).Conclusions HBV DNA load in the serum of HBsAg-positive father,and the paternal first class family history of HBV are risk factors of paternal HBV vertical transmission.When the serum HBV DNA load in HBsAg-positive father is≥1.0×107 copy/ml,the possibility of paternal vertical transmission of HBV would increase.

Objective To evaluate the clinical performance of IPS e.max Press all-ceramic crowns and three-unit fixed partial dentures(FPDs)and to investigate the periodontal response to the presence of the restorations.Methods According to the inclusion criteria,19 patients with dental defects or singletooth loss were recruited,including 25 crowns and 6 all-ceramic FPDs.The modified United States Public Health Service criteria were used for follow-up evaluation.Plaque index(PI)and sulcus bleeding index (SBI)were recorded for the ceramic restorations and the control teeth.Results No crown and FPD fractures were observed during the evaluation period.There was no statistically significant difference regarding PLI and SBI scores between restorative teeth and the control teeth.And the difference between different recalled times of PLI and SBI of the restorations was no statistically significant.Conclusion IPS e.max Press crowns and three-unit fixed partial dentures exhibit a satisfactory clinical performance.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have confirmed that embryonic stem cells call be induced to differentiate into insulin-producing cells, but the induction process takes a long time. Most of the processes take about one month.OBJECTIVE: Activin A, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and nicotinamide were applied in vitro in combination to observe whether mouse embryonic stem cells could be induct to differentiate into insulin-producing cell in a relatively short time.DESIGN: Cell observation experiment.SETTING: Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.MATERIALS: This study was performed at Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases from October 2004 to February 2006. Two mice of clean grade and of 12.5-14.5 days of gestational age were provided by Shanghai SLAC Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd (Permission No. 2004A034). The protocol was performed in accordance with ethical guidelines for the use and care of animals. Mouse embryonic stem cell lines were supplied by Dr Changxian Zhang (CNRS UMR5641, France). Activin A was the product of the R & D Corporation. ATRA and nicotinamide were supplied by the Sigma Corporation, USA. BFGF was supplied by Gibco Corporaion. METHODS: Head and viscera were removed from embryos of the pregnant mouse. The remaining tissues were cut into pieces and digested with trypsin. Cell suspension was centrifuged and inoculated at 3×108L-1. The cells could be used as mouse feeder layer after 2-3 times of passage. The mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were inoculated onto the feeder layer in knockout Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with leukemia inhibitory factors (LIF). ESCs were passaged at 1:3-1:6 after 2-3 days of culture. Culture medium with serum was added into the culture dishes to terminate the digestion. Cell fluid was centrifuged and supernatant was discarded. The sediments were prepared into suspension and inoculated at 2.5×104 with LIF-free culture medium. After 24-48 hours, embryonic bodies (EBs) were collected and replated in 1% Matrigel-coated dishes. When began to adhere to the dishes, EBs were cultured in 10% FBS/DMEM supplemented with 100μg/L activin A for 24 hours. Then EBs were switched to 10% FBS/DMEM for 6-8 hours as an interval. After this interval. EBs differentiated were cultured in 10% FBS/DMEM with 10<-6mol/L RA for another 24 hours followed by culture in 10% FBS/DMEM supplemented with 10μg/L bFGFs for 3-5 days. Finally, EBs differentiated were cultured in DMEM/F12 supplemented with N2 supplement, B27 supplement, 1μg/L laminin, 10μg/L bFGFs, and 10mmol/L nicotinamide for 3-5 days. Dithizone (DTZ) staining, inununofluorescent staining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were applied to detect insulin expression in the differentiated cells.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Induction of ESCs, DTZ staining and immunofluorescent staining as wel as RT-PCR detection.RESULTS: Mouse ESCs growing on a feeder layer formed many colonies with clear boundary and dense structure. However, there was no obvious outer limit between these ESCs. EBs began to adhere to the dishes, which were coated with matrigel, on the 2nd day. After activin A and ATRA interval induction, EBs spread, and most of the living cells were epithelial cell-like when cultured in 10% FBS/DMEM supplemented with 10μg/L bFGFs. After culturing in DMEM/F12 supplemented with N2, B27, nicotinamide, bFGFs and laminin, the cells formed small clusters. The insulin-producing cells were stained dark red with DTZ, and the cells stained with primary antibody to insulin were insulin-positive. After 2 weeks of induction of activin A, ATRA, bFGFs and nicotinamide, the insulin-producing cells expressed insulin 2, Pdxl, Nkx6.1, Nkx2.2, PP, IAPP, Glut2, Somastatin, Hnf3β and Neuro D mRNA but did not express insulin 1 mRNA.CONCLUSION: Mouse ESCs call be induced to differentiate into insulin-producing cells by activin A, ATRA, bFGFs and nicotinamide in vitro. Induction time call be shortened to 2 weeks.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; adverse effects ; analysis ; Dust ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Industry ; Inhalation Exposure ; statistics & numerical data ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; Occupational Exposure ; statistics & numerical data ; Quartz

Antigens ; analysis ; Autoantigens ; analysis ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Citrates ; Female ; Formaldehyde ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Iodide Peroxidase ; analysis ; Iron-Binding Proteins ; analysis ; Paraffin Embedding ; Receptors, Progesterone ; analysis ; Thyroid Gland ; immunology ; Tissue Fixation

ObjectiveTo study the effects of placental transfusion of umbilical cord milking on very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods Fifty-seven VLBW infants born from September 2011 to May 2014 who had umbilical cord milking at birth were selected as experimental group. Sixty-one VLBW infants born from January 2008 to August 2011 who had normal cord clamping at birth were selected as control group. The complications of VLBW infants, blood transfusion, frequency of using pulmonary surfactant (PS), the duration of mechanical ventilation, the duration of oxygen and mortality were compared between two groups.Results The incidence of severe asphyxia, IVH and anemia was signiifcantly lower in experimental group than in control group (P< 0.05). The blood transfusion and transfusion volume, duration of mechanical ventilation, and duration of oxy-gen were signiifcantly lower in experimental group than in control group (P< 0.05).Conclusions Umbilical cord milking can reduce the incidence of severe asphyxia, IVH and anemia. It also can reduce the blood transfusion, the duration of mechanical ventilation, and the duration of oxygen in VLBW infants.

Objective To assess the feasibility and safety of adjustable loop-based purse-string technique in gastrotomy closure of natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES).Methods Ten healthy female dogs were used in this study.Transgastric NOTES peritoneal exploration was performed in 5 groups (2 dogs in each) via various sites of the stomach ( greater curvature of the antrum; greater and lesser curvature of the body; anterior and posterior wall of the body).The gastric incision was then closed by using loop-based purse-string technique.Healing of the incision and intra-peritoneal infection were checked by endoscopy,necropsy,bacterial culture and histological examination 2 weeks later.Results The performance of NOTES peritoneal exploration and closure with purse-string technique was successful in ten dogs without significant complications.The mean operation time of closure was 7.3 ± 1.8 min.Minor bleeding occurred in 2 dogs (20％) during the incision of greater curvature of the antrum and body,which was controlled by electrocoagulation.Culture of the ascitic fluid and necropsy revealed no sign of abdominal infection or other complications except for adhesion in 1 dog ( 10％ ).The intact incision was confirmed by endoscopic,postmortem and histological examination,which suggested complete healing of the incision.Conclusion It is easy and safe to use loop-based purse-string technique for closure of multi-regional NOTES gastrotomy.This technology may be used for the repair of gastric ulcer perforation theoretically.

Aim To investigate the molecular mecha-nism for the inhibitory effect of puerarin on IL-6 secre-tion in human osteoblast-likeMG-63 cells. Methods According to our previous studies, human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells containing two estrogen receptor ( ER) isoforms are a suitable model for this study. En-zyme-linked immnosorbent assay (ELISA), RT-PCR, luciferase reporter assay and small interfering RNA were performed to investigate the effect of puerarin on IL-6 expression in osteoblast-derived cells and underly-ing molecular mechanism. Results Puerarin could obviously inhibit IL-6 expression and IL-6 promoter ac-tivity by human osteoblastic MG-63 cells. Treatment with the ER antagonist ICI 182,780 abrogates the a-bove actions of puerarin on osteoblast-derived cells. U-sing siRNA technology, we further demonstrated that the effects of puerarin on IL-6 production were media-ted by ERα. Conclusion The effect of puerarin on IL-6 production in osteoblast is mediated by ERα.