ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and influence factors of a new silver salt method for determination of arsenic in drinking water. Methods Arsenic was determined at different reaction temperature,acidity, specification and addition of zinc granular, fill weight of lead acetate cotton, and the effect of these factors on assay results was observed. Arsenic in drinking water was determined in accordance with standard test methods (GB/T 5750.6) of the new silver method. Results The recoveries of the arsenic were 75.3％ - 93.6％(F =9.21,P ＜ 0.01 ) with reaction temperature at 10 - 30 ℃, and the best reaction temperature was 25 ℃. The recoveries of the arsenic ranged from 80.3％ - 91.6％(F =4.67, P＜ 0.05) when sulfuric acid was 3.0 - 6.0 ml and the best value was 5.0 ml. The recoveries of the honeycomb structural zinc granular(diameter 0.2 - 0.3, 0.3 - 0.4 mm) and button zinc granular were 87.2％, 90.7％ and 83.0％, respectively; the best specification was 0.3 - 0.4 mm. The recoveries of zinc granular weight(3 - 5 g ) were 74.6％ - 91.7％, respectively; the best was 5 g. The recoveries ranged from 79.6％ - 91.3％ with fill weight of lead acetate cotton at 25 - 100 mg, the best fill weight was 50 mg.The recoveries of the arsenic were 90.7％, 92.5％, 81.5％ and 74.2％ with lead acetate cotton length at 0.5 - 2.0 cm,and the best loose-tight degree was 1.0 cm. The stability time of arsine solution was 5.0, 4.0, 2.5 h with corresponding temperature at 20, 25, 30 ℃, respectively. ConclusionsIn order to ensure precision and accuracy of the measurement, it is necessary to control reaction temperature, acidity, specification and addition of zinc granular free from arsenic, fill weight of lead acetate cotton and loose-tight degree in the reaction system.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; methods ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo study the sirolimus (SRL)-associated interstitial pneumonitis,which is a severe side effect of sirolimus therapy. Methods In 7 renal grafts treated with SRL, interstitial pneumonitis (8 times) was diagnosed. One patient suffered a relapse after sirolimus treatment was given again. Two patients received de novo sirolimus treatment, and rest 5 patients were switched from a calcineurin inhibitor-containing regimen to a SRL-based protocol for various indications: chronic allograft nephropathy (n = 4) and cancer (n = 1 ). The patients presented with fever, dyspnea on exertion and the chest X-ray or computed topographic (CT) scan on admission showed bilateral mostly peripheral interstitial infiltrates. ResultsSRL was discontinued in 4 patients and the dose was reduced in the remaining 3 patients. Symptoms were improved within 3-14 days in all patients, the radiographic findings improved within 2-4 weeks, and the lesions were absorbed completely in 2-6 months.ConclusionThe frequency of interstitial pneumonitis appears to be increased in renal transplant patients receiving SRL. Discontinuation or reduced dose of SRL appears to be the safest treatment option for the patients with interstitial pneumonitis.

Objective To investigate the effect of a step-wise diversified teaching mode on cardiac electrophysiology (EP) education. Methods 64 young doctors (male:36, female:28) who studied in EP sub-specialty were enrolled. The atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) were selected as teaching content. All the doctors were randomly divided into traditional teaching group (TT) and step-wise diversified teaching group (DT) according to cross-over design protocol. In TT group, only teaching and answering the questions by teachers were given to students, for the DT group, in different stages of teaching, multiple teach-ing strategy were combined to complete teaching. T test and Chi square test were used to compare the effect of two teaching methods. Results There was no difference of basic features and time of self-studying between the two groups. In examinations, the students in DT group got higher score than TT group[DT:(92.3±9.8) and (93.1±7.8),TT:(88.3±8.6) and (87.1±10.0),P<0.05], and had better perfor-mance of learning interest, initiative, ability of finding and resolving problems, teamwork spirit and so on. Conclusion The step-wise diversified teaching mode contributes improving the quality of instruction of cardiac EP, moreover, arousing learning interest and initiative, enhancing ability of find-ing and resolving problems, teamwork spirit and so on, which is worthy of wide-popularizing in cardiac EP training.

Objective To prepare hybrid substrate and apply it to detect thiram with surface-enhanced Raman spectros-copy( SERS) which provides unique molecular vibration information .Methods The Au substrate was prepared by deposi-tion of gold film on the silver substrate that had a rough surface .The Au substrate was treated with amination as a linker with the silver sol before the hybrid substrate was formed .With PATP as a probe molecule ,the Raman intensity of PATP on the Au substrate and the hybrid substrate was compared ,respectively .Results and Conclusion PATP had stronger Raman intensity on hybrid substrate than on the Au , and the detection limit was 10 -9 mol/L.This method can be used for quanti-tative detection on the hybrid substrate by SERS .

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Herbicides ; poisoning ; toxicity ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; toxicity ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Young Adult

Objective To describe the MRI features and pathologic findings of biliary cystadenocarcinoma(BCAC)and to assess the diagnostic value of MRI in those tumors.Methods Five cases of BCAC were collected.All cases were proved by pathology.Non-enhanced and multiphase-enhanced MRI were performed in all cases.MRCP were performed in two cases.The MRI features of the five cases were reviewed retrospectively and correlated with pathologic findings.Results Histological evidence demonstrated five cases of BCAC.Four cases were solitary,whereas the other case was multifocal.All cases were solid and cystic lesions.Two cases were unilocular,whereas the other three cases were multilocular. Multiple mural nodules and irregular thickening cystic walls were presented in all cases.The cystic parts of the lesions were homogeneous in signal intensity and showed no enhancement after contrast administration in the five BCAC.Septa were present in three BCAC with multilocular cyst.On MRCP the bile duct dilatation was found in two BCAC.Conclusion MRI can reveal the characteristic findings of BCAC and accurate preoperative diagnosis can be made.

Objective:To investigate the awareness of diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevention and treatment knowledge of diabetic patients in the community of Shenzhen, and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A cluster random sampling method was used to select 904 patients with diabetes diagnosed in 6 community health service centers in 2 administrative districts of Shenzhen and included in this study. Questionnaire survey of patients were performed to understand their knowledge of DR prevention and treatment. The multi-factor logistic regression analysis method was used to analyze the related influencing factors of DR prevention knowledge awareness.Results:Among 904 patients, 144 patients (15.93%, 144/904) knew about DR prevention and treatment knowledge. The highest awareness rate were about "Diabetes can affect vision and even cause blindness" (88.60%, 801/904). The lowest awareness rate (6.20%, 56/904) were about "DR treatment methods". About "diabetes requires regular fundus examinations" and "diabetics", the awareness rate of fundus examination interval were less than 50.00%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender [odds ratio ( OR)=1.595], education level ( OR=2.963, 3.937), monthly income level ( OR=3.871, 4.675), diabetes course ≥15 years ( OR=1.829), treatment measures ( OR=3.318, 4.512). Whether people had DR ( OR=1.605) were important factors that affected the awareness of DR prevention and treatment knowledge ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The overall awareness of DR prevention and treatment knowledge among diabetic patients in the community of Shenzhen is relatively low. Males, low education and income levels are the main influencing factors.

Taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene is the precursor for paclitaxel biosynthesis. The diterpenoid paclitaxel (marketed as Taxol), a plant secondary metabolite isolated from yew, is an effective drug widely used in the treatment of numerous cancers. However, further application of taxol has been restricted due to its low yield in plants and the difficulties in extraction. To increase the intact isoprene flux, we constructed the fusion gene plasmid pBgGGTS and individual cassette plasmid pBgGGgTS to enhance the expression levels of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase gene (ggpps) and a taxadiene synthase gene (ts) in Coprinopsis cinerea. These two plasmids were separately transformed into C. cinerea LT2 strain, resulting in several putative transformants. Putative transformants were determined by PCR technique, indicating that 5 out of 13 putative transformants transformed by pBgGGTS and 6 out of 13 putative transformants transformed by pBgGGgTS, respectively. Additionally, the Southern blotting analysis of these 10 transformants confirmed that both ggpps and ts gene were stably integrated into the genome of C. cinerea. Crude extracts from each of the transformants were analyzed. There is no difference in the mycelium extracts among the wild-type LT2 and two types of transformants. However, analysis of culture filtrates indicated that an additional GC peak was found at the retention time of 16.762 min which was absent in the wild type control. The mass fragmentation pattern of this peak had the same diagnostic ions with taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene. According to peak area, the amounts of taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene in each fermented broth were 44 ng/L (transformed with pBgGGgTS) and 30 ng/L (transformed with pBgGGTS), respectively. In conclusion, co-expression of the ggpps and ts gene could increase the taxadiene production in C. cinerea.
Agaricales ; metabolism ; Alkenes ; metabolism ; Diterpenes ; metabolism ; Farnesyltranstransferase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Engineering ; Isomerases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Paclitaxel ; Plasmids

OBJECTIVETo study the therapeutic efficacy of manipulative reduction and percutaneous pin fixation for the treatment of severely displaced distal tibial fractures in children.

METHODSFrom May 2009 to December 2012,56 children with severely displaced distal tibial fractures were analyzed, who had been treated with manipulative reduction and percutaneous pin fixation. Preoperative fractures were confirmed as severely displaced fractures by X-ray apparatus. There were 33 boys and 23 girls,ranging in age from 3 to 14 years, with an average of 10.1 years. All the fractures were closed without vascular or nerve injuries. According to the bone fracture type, under C-arm fluoroscopy, functional reduction was achieved by manipulative reduction. The fractures were fixed with percutaneous pins. Postoperative X-ray confirmed the functional reduction. Follow-up indexes were recorded: intra-operative and postoperative complications,postoperative radiographic examination, lower extremity length and range of ankle motion. Ankle score system of Teeny was used to evaluate ankle function.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 3 to 46 months, with an average duration of 19.4 months. According to the Teeny score standard, 35 patients got an excellent result, 7 good and 3 fair. Pin track reaction was found in 4 cases. The X-ray showed all the fractures healed without shortening deformity or epiphyseal arrest at early stage. All the patients could participate in the normal physical activities, having a normal range of motion and excellent strength of the ankle joint.

CONCLUSIONThe method of manipulative reduction and percutaneous pin fixation is a safe and convenient treatment for severely displaced distal tibial fractures in children. It has several advantages as follow: micro-trauma, tiny tissue damage, firm fixation, and the patients can exercise the function of ankle early, suggesting that it is an effective treatment method.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Nails ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery