Background Perineural invasion is an important biological character for adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of lacrimal gland,which is different from those of other lacrimal gland tumors.As the important part of neurotrophic factors,glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) plays an important role in perineural invasion for ACC of salivary gland.GDNF regulation in the ACC cell biology function needs to be further explored.Objective This study was to investigate the effect of GDNF on proliferation and migration of ACC cells,and to explore the mechanism of neural invasion in ACC of lacrimal gland.Methods ACC-2 cell line was cultured and passaged in RPMI 1640 medium with 10％ fetal bovine serum,100 U/ml penicillin and 0.1 g/L streptomycin.Single-cell suspension was prepared with the density of 2×104/ml using logarithmic phase of cells and then incubated to 96-well plate.GDNF with the final concentration of 20,60,80,100 and 120 μg/L was added into the medium respectively in the experimental groups,and the cells were cultured in the medium without GDNF as the control group.The expression of GDNF in ACC-2 cells was detected by immunohistochemistry.MTT assay was employed to assay the absorbance value at the wavelength of 570 nm (A570) for the evaluation of proliferation of ACC-2 cells after cultured by different concentrations of GDNF for different time points.Meanwhile,transwell chamber was used to examine the cell migrated number.Results Immunochemistry assay exhibited that ACC-2 cells showed the positive response for GDNF with the brown staining in the cytoplasm.In 48 hours after culture,the A570 value was elevated with the increase of GDNF concentration,showing a significant difference among various groups (F =3.336,P =0.026),and the A570 value in various concentrations of GDNF groups was higher than that of 0 μg/L GDNF group (all P＜0.05).After action of 80 μg/L GDNF,the A570 value of the cells was gradually increased with the prolong of culture time (Ftime =39.979,P=0.000).In 30 minutes after GDNF cultured,the number of migrated cells increased with the increase of GDNF concentration (F=144.886,P=0.000).ACC-2 cells were cultured by 100 μg/L GDNF for 24,30 and 40 hours,the number of migrated cells were more as the time lapse,and more migrated cells were seen in GDNF group at various time points (Ftime =46.747,P =0.000 ; Fgroup =63.786,P =0.000).Conclusions GDNF can stimulate the proliferation and migration of ACC-2 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.

Glioma is the most common form of brain cancer. Despite recent advances in the treatment of solid tumors, there are few effective treatments for malignant gliomas due to its infiltrative nature. It has important significance to improve the treatment of glioma through in-depth understanding the intracerebral metabolic characteristics and pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutics. Brain microdialysis (B-MD), an effective method to monitor central nervous system anticancer drug disposition, conditions of drugs through the blood-brain barrier, basic pathophysiologic metabolism, bioactive compounds and the changes of neurotransmitter in brain, provides the unique opportunity to allow the simultaneous determination of unbound concentrations of drugs in several tissues, and directly measure gliomas biochemistry continuously. B-MD has been able to monitor the change of brain drugs, metabolites and neurotransmitters, dynamic analysis of the drug concentration and pharmacological effect after administration, pharmacodynamic interaction between drugs, receptor mechanism of drug transport, as well as feedback information of internal environment. B-MD is expected to provide reference for clinical individual chemotherapy of glioma, but also provide powerful tools for the evaluation of new anticancer drugs in vivo. In this review, a comprehensive overview of B-MD for studies on glioma is elucidated with special emphasis on its application to neurochemistry and pharmacokinetic studies.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Glioma ; metabolism ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Metabolomics ; methods ; Microdialysis ; methods ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; metabolism ; Positron-Emission Tomography

Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma ; pathology ; Parotid Gland ; pathology ; Parotid Neoplasms ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Herbicides ; poisoning ; toxicity ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; toxicity ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the safety and effectiveness of inductive chemotheray with lobaplatin plus 5-Fu (LF regimen) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy with lobaplatin for local-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients,and investigate the appropriate lobaplatin dose for the concurrent chemoradiotherapy.Methods Newly diagnosed local-regionally advanced NPC patients signed informed consent.The inductive chemotherapy was lobaplatin 30 mg/m2 + 5-Fu 4 g/m2 civ 120 h for 2 cycles every 21 days,then concurrent lobaplatin chemoradiotherapy was conducted.The initial lobaplatin dose for concurrent chemoradiotherapy was 50 mg/m2 with at least 3 cases in every dose level.If 2 of 3 patients presented dose-limiting toxicity (DLT),5 mg/m2 dose decreased for the next level until maximal tolerant dose (MTD) reached.The tumor response was evaluated after inductive chemotherapy,at the end of the chemoradiotherapy,3 months after chemoradiotherapy and 6 months after chemoradiotherapy.Results From Dec 2011 to Apr 2012,11 patients were enrolled in this study.After 2 courses of inductive chemoradiotherapy,CR,PR and SD were observed in 1,8 and 2 patients,respectively.At the end of the chemoradiotherapy and 3 months after chemoradiotherapy,CR and PR were observed in 10 and 1 patients,respectively.Six months after the chemoradiotherapy,all patients were CR.For the patients(3 in each arm) received 50 mg/m2 or 45 mg/m2 lobapaltin concurrent chemoradiotherapy,2 patients in each arm presented DLT.For the 5 patients received 40 mg/m2 lobapaltin concurrent chemoradiotherapy,no patients presented DLT.40 mg/m2 was suggested as the MTD.Inhibition of platelet was the major DLT.Conclusion Inductive chemotherapy with LF regimen and concurrent chemoradiotherapy with lobaplatin is safe and effective for local-regionally advanced NPC patients and the MTD of lobaplatin for the concurrent chemoradiotherapy is 40 mg/m2.Further clinical trial with large sample is expected.

OBJECTIVETo research the application and clinical effect of titanium elastic nails (TEN) for the treatment of closed clavicular fracture in elder children.

METHODSFrom October 2010 to December 2012,16 elderly children with clavicular fracture of elder children were treated with internal fixation, including 9 boys and 7 girls with an average age of 14.2 yeats old ranging from 9 to 17 years. The mean time between injury and surgery was 2 to 6 days. Thirteen patients had a transverse fractures; 3 patients had a oblique fractures, excluding the long-oblique patients. Neer function score after 3 months follow-up and the shoulder activity degree after 3 weeks followed were compared respectively between the injured side and healthy side. Fracture reduction and healing were followed up by X-rays to analyze internal fixation with TEN technique.

RESULTSAll patients were healed well after surgery. There were 2 cases with soft tissue irritation. No cases of infection, TEN broken, delayed healing or skin bursting were observed. All patients were followed up for 3 to 10 months,with an average of 7.2 months. There were no significant differences (t=2.12, P>0.05) between the healthy side (98.75±2.70) and injured side(96.69±6.22)of Neer score at 3 months during followed up. The shoulder activity at 3 weeks during followed up was different between both sides (P<0.05). The intramedullary nail was removed after X-rays at 12-18 weeks during followed up showed good bone healing,and the shoulder function was recovered well.

CONCLUSIONInternal fixation with TEN for the treatment of clavicular fracture has advantages of a limited invasion, beauty, safety and reliability. This technique provides an ideal fixation option for the treatment of clavicular fracture in elder children.

Adolescent ; Bone Nails ; Child ; Clavicle ; injuries ; surgery ; Elasticity ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Titanium

Calcitonin ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Medullary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Chromogranin A ; metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism ; Thyroglobulin ; metabolism ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transcription Factors

OBJECTIVETo compare efficacy of unilateral external fixators and locking compression plates in treating type C fractures of the distal radius.

METHODSFrom January 2009 to June 2010, 76 patients with distal radius fracture were treated with LCP and external fixators, 54 patients were followed up. Among them, 29 cases were male and 25 cases were female with an average age of 45.31 (ranged, 24 to 68) years old. There were 29 patients in LCP group. According to AO classification, 8 cases were type C1, 7 cases were type C2 and 14 cases were type C3. There were 25 cases in external fixators group. According to AO classification, 6 cases were type C1, 8 cases were type C2 and 11 cases were type C3. Radial height, volar tilt and radial inclination were compared, advanced Gartland-Werley scoring were used to assessed wrist joint function after 6 and 12 months' following up.

RESULTSTwo cases were suffered from nail infection in external fixators group. Fifty-four patients were followed up from 12 to 24 months with an average of 21.3 months. Radial height was (9.60 +/- 0.72) mm, volar tilt was (9.55 +/- 0.80) degrees and radial inclination was (21.40 +/- 0.78) degrees in LCP group,while those were (9.40 +/- 0.70) mm, (9.47 +/- 0.71) degrees and (21.20 +/- 0.73) degrees in external fixtors group, and with no statistical significance (P>0.05). Advanced Gartland-Werley score after 6 months' following up was 3.31 +/- 1.17 in LCP group, 5.56 +/- 1.58 in external fixtors group, and with significant difference (t=-5.99,P<0.05); after 12 months' following up, advanced Gartland-Werley score was respectively 2.66 +/- 1.01 and 3.08 +/- 1.00, but with no statistical meaning (t=-1.55, P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONLCP and external fixtors can receive good curative effects in treating type C distal radius fracture, and LCP can obtain obviously short-term efficacy, while there is no significant difference between two groups in long-term results. For serious distal radius comminuted fracture which unable to plate internal fixation, external fixators is a better choice.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Comminuted ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radius ; surgery ; Radius Fractures ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the precise locations of the blood vessels and nerves surrounding the seminal vesicles (SV) in men and provide some anatomical evidence for SV-related minimally invasive surgery.

METHODSWe observed the courses and distribution of the blood vessels and nerves surrounding SVs and obtained the data for positioning the SV neuroplexes in 20 male pelvises.

RESULTSOne branch of the neuroplexes was distributed to the SVs bilaterally with the neurovascular bundles, (2.85 ± 0.18) cm from the median sulcus of the prostate (MSP), while another branch ran through the Denonvillier fascia behind the SV, (0.81 ± 0.06) cm from the MSP. The arterial SVs (ASV) originated from the inferior vesical artery and fell into 4 types, 55% going directly to the SVs as one branch, 15% running between the SV and the ampulla of the deferent duct as another branch, 25% downward as 2 branches to the SV and between the SV and the ampulla of the deferent duct respectively, and 5% as the other ASVs. The shortest distance from the ASV through the prostatic neuroplexus to the posterior SV was (1.08 ± 0.09) cm.

CONCLUSIONIn SV resection, neuroplexus injury can be reduced with a bilateral distance of < 2.85 cm and a posterior distance of < 0.81 cm from the MSP, and so can bleeding by vascular ligation between the SV and the ampulla of the deferent duct.

Biopsy ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; blood supply ; innervation ; Seminal Vesicles ; blood supply ; innervation ; Vas Deferens ; blood supply ; innervation