[Summary] Postoperative cognitive dysfunction ( POCD) is a common central nervous system complication after anesthesia and surgery.The mechanisms of POCD are not clear yet.The article reviewed several potential mechanisms that have been reported. Further researches are needed to identify the pathophysiologic progress of POCD, which have great clinical and economic values.

Objective To investigate the value of the lauromacrogol in sclerosis therapy of endometrial cyst models of SD rat.Methods 45 SD rats were randomly divided into lauromacrogol treatment group,dehydrated alcohol treatment group and physiological saline blank group after being built cysts models.Then corresponding medicine was injected into the cysts,and the changes of pathomorphology and VEGF expression of ectopia endomembrane were observed a week later.Results Microscope observation indicated that endometrial cyst glandular epithelium and gland were inactived by both lauromacrogol and dehydrated alcohol.The effective rate of lauromacrogol group was 87.5％,and that of dehydrated alcohol group was 85.0％.There was no significant difference between these two methods (P =1.000).The ectopia endomembrane glandular organs of physiological saline group were not destructed obviously.Besides,VEGF expression of lauromacrogol and dehydrated alcohol group were lower than physiological saline group (P =0.003 and 0.006).There was no significant difference between VEGF expression of lauromacrogol and dehydrated alcohol group (P =0.926).Conclusions Compared with dehydrated alcohol,lauromacrogol had the same therapeutic effect on sclerosis therapy of endometrial cyst models.

Mutagenicity Tests ; methods ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; adverse effects

AIM:To investigate the roles of maspin in the biological behaviors of non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells.METHODS:Full-length coding region of maspin was amplified by PCR from human normal breast tissue and cloned into MSCV vector .Virus supernatants was produced by Phoenix A packaging system , and target cell line was infec-ted with the virus supernatants .The transfected cells were screened with puromycin .The cell line with maspin over-expres-sion was identified by real-time PCR and Western blot.Cell growth, migration and invasion were investigated by xCelli-gence system .RESULTS:Maspin over-expression vector was successfully constructed .The cell line with maspin over-ex-pression was established .No difference of the growth between A 549-control cells and A549-maspin cells was observed .The migration and invasion were quite different between A 549-control cells and A549-maspin cells.The expression level of inte-grin β1 in A549-maspin cells was decreased compared with A 549-control cells .CONCLUSION:Maspin has no effect on the growth of A549 cells.Maspin suppresses the migration and invasion of A 549 cells, in which integrin β1 is involved.

Background and purpose:miR-17-92 gene cluster overexpression has been observed in various cancers, such as lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer and prostate cancer. In this study, we established the stable cell line overexpressingmiR-17-92 to explore the inlfuence ofmiR-17-92 on the migration, invasion abilities and cisplatin resistance of the prostate cancer DU145 cells.Methods:miR-17-92 overexpression vectors were constructed. DU145 cells were infected with the viral supernatants produced by Phoenix A packaging system. Real-time lfuorescent quanti-tative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) was conducted to detect the expression level of miR-17-92 in the cells. The migration and invasion abilities were measured by a real-time xCELLigence system. The scratch healing assay was carried out to investigate the migration abilities. The expression of integrin β1 was detected by Western blot, and the activities of matrix metalloprotein-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) were measured by gelatin zymography experiment. The cell growth of the two cell lines after the treatment of cisplatin was detected by a real-time xCELLigence system. The mRNA expression ofERCC1 was measured by RTFQ-PCR. Western blot was conducted to investigate the protein expressions of ERCC1, ERK1/2 and pERK1/2.Results:DU145-miR-17-92 cells migrated faster than DU145-control cells during the 24 h continuous monitoring (P<0.01). The scratch healing assay indicated that DU145-miR-17-92 cells migrated from the edge towards the scratch center faster than DU145-control cells. DU145-miR-17-92 cells invaded through matrigel markedly faster than DU145-control cells (P<0.01). The protein expression level of integrin β1 and the MMP-9 activities in DU145-miR-17-92 cells were increased than those in DU145-control cells. After the treatment of cisplatin, DU145-miR-17-92 cells grew faster than DU145-control cells, presenting cisplatin resistance (P<0.01). The phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in DU145-miR-17-92 cells was constantly at a high level regard-less of the treatment of cisplatin. Compared with DU145-control cells, the expression of drug resistance-related gene ERCC1 was dramatically increased in DU145-miR-17-92 cells after the treatment of cisplatin.Conclusion:miR-17-92 overexpression increases the migration and invasion abilities of the prostate cancer DU145 cells, which is associated with the upregulated expression of integrin β1 and the increased activity of MMP-9. Besides,miR-17-92 overexpression enhances the cisplatin resistance of DU145, which is correlated with the increased phosphorylation level of ERK and the upregulated expression of ERCC1 at both the mRNA and protein levels.

Objective To observe the effect of scalp acupuncture and rehabilitation training on the regulation of neuro-plasticity-associated protein MAP-2 in gerbils modelling cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.Methods Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion were modelled into thirty-six male gerbils.They were then randomly divided into a model group (A),a scalp acupuncture and rehabilitation training group (B) and a rehabilitation training group (C),each of 12 cases.The scalp acupuncture and rehabilitation training were administered daily to the gerbils in group B beginning 24 h after modeling,for 14 d.Any changes in Bederson scores were observed after one,7 and 14 days.On the 14th day the expression of MAP-2 around the infarct focus was detected using western blotting in all 3 groups.Results On the 7th day the average Bederson score in group B (1.81 ± 0.52) was not significantly different from that in group A (2.13 ± 0.49) or group C (2.00 ± 0.31) (P ＞ 0.05).At the end of the treatment,however,there were significant differences between the groups,with group B (0.47 ± 0.31) scoring significantly better than groups C (1.04 ± 0.63) and A (1.46 ± 0.72) (P ＜ 0.05).Group C was also significantly better than group A (P ＜0.05).The expression of MAP-2 as measured as integrated optical intensity (IOD) in group B (0.91 ±0.18) was significantly higher than that in group A (0.43 ± 0.21) and group C (0.67 ± 0.24) (P ＜ 0.05) ; so was group C compared to group A (P ＜0.05).Conclusion The scalp acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training can improve the recovery of motor function and enhance the expression of neuro-plasticity-associated protein MAP-2 in gerbils with after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.

BACKGROUND:Ultrasound therapy can relieve pain and improve the movement function in patients with knee osteoarthritis, but there lacks of consistency in the literatures of ultrasound therapy.
OBJECTIVE:To further identify the effectiveness of ultrasound therapy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
METHODS:Twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:normal group, model group and ultrasound group. The rabbit in the normal group received no intervention;rabbits in the model group received anterior cruciate ligament transaction to establish the knee osteoarthritis model without any treatment;the rabbit in the ultrasound group received ultrasound therapy after modeling for 10 minutes once time, once per day, 0.3 W/cm2 , 1 MHz and treated for 10 times. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was conducted for histological observation of rabbit articular cartilage;western blot and reverse transcription PCR assessment were used to assess the expressions of caspases-3 and caspases-8 in rabbit articular cartilage, while Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling was used to assess the ratio of chondrocytes apoptosis of rabbit knee articular cartilage.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The normal rabbit cartilage tissues and chondrocytes were neatly arranged in column;the middle cartilage layer of the model was thin;the chondrocytes were arranged disorderly and became less. After ultrasound therapy, the chondrocytes were rearranged neatly, and the number was increased. Compared with the normal group, the Mankin scores in the model group and ultrasound group were higher;the apoptotic rate of chondrocytes was higher in the model group and ultrasound group than in the normal group, and was also higher in the model group than in the ultrasound group. Compared with the normal group, the expressions of caspases-3 and caspases-8 were higher in the model group and the ultrasound group, while decreased after ultrasound therapy. The results indicate that ultrasound can improve the structure of cartilage tissues, decrease the expressions of caspases-3 and caspases-8 and reduce the apoptosis rate of chondrocytes. It is effective for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with ultrasound therapy.

Objective To investigate the effect of 1, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1, 25 (OH)2D3) on adipocyte differen-tiation and the underlying mechanism. Methods The mesenchymal stem cell line C3H10T1/2 was randomly divided into 6 groups including control group, differentiation group and 4 different doses of 1, 25(OH)2D3 groups. The control group was treated with vehicle. The differentiation group was supplemented with adipocyte differentiation reagent. And the 1,25(OH)2D3 groups were treated with adipocyte differentiation reagents and 10-9, 10-8, 10-7 and 10-6 mol/L of 25(OH)2D3. After culturing for 5 days, the cells were stained with oil red O, and the expression levels of adipocyte-specific transcription factors and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related genes were examined by RT-PCR or Western blot methods. Results 1,25(OH)2D3 sig-nificantly reduced the number of differentiated adipocytes and blocked the mRNA levels of adipocyte specific transcription factor PPARγ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma), C/EBPα(CCAAT enhancer binding proteinα) and adipo-cyte characterization factor aP2 (fatty acid binding protein 4). These were paralleled by the decreased mRNA expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor sFRP1 (Secreted frizzled-related protein 1) and the increased level ofβ-catenin protein. Conclusion 1, 25(OH)2D3 inhibits adipocyte differentiation, which may be related to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

BACKGROUND: Amfetamine, one of the levarterenols, can improve the recovery of motor function of animals after cerebral ischemia. Chlorimipramine can inhibit the re-intake of 5-serotonin and levarterenol and improve the level of them in brain. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of chlorimipramine on motor function of rats with focal cerebral ischemic injury.DESIGN: Randomized grouping and controlled animal study. SETTING: Neuropsychiatry Team of Aerial Clinical Medical Department of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Morphological Laboratory of Aerial Aerospace Medical Department of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. All the 24 SD rats were divided into sham operation group, ischemia group and ischemic medication group with 8 in each group. Rats in ischemic medication group were perfused with 10 mg/kg chlorimipramine solution (2.5 g/L) once a day through mouth 24 hours after ischemia, and rats in sham operation group and ischemia group were perfused with the same volume of distilled water through mouth. METHODS: Middle cerebral artery (MCA) models of ischemia/reperfusion rats were established with inserted lining method. After modeling, the operations were performed as followed: ① holding test of net screen: Net screen was put horizontally, and then rats were put on it. One side of the screen was raised gradually; then it was turned over 125° within 2 s, and maintained at this placement. Time of holding rats on net screen was recorded. ② Test of struggling to tear off rubberized cloth: 0.5 cm2 medical rubberized cloth was adhered to the ventral of anterior claws of rats, and then rats were sent to the observing box to record the time of tearing off rubberized cloth. 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after operation were the observing time points. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Times of holding rats on the net screen and tearing off the rubberized cloth of rats with focal cerebral is chemia.RESULTS: ① Time of muscular strength test of rats in ischemia group and ischemic medication group was shorter than that of rats in sham operation group, and there was significant difference [3 days after operation:(54±4), (20±5) and (21±4) s in sham operation group, ischemia group and ischemic medication group respectively, P ＜ 0.01]. Holding time was longer in ischemic medication group than that in ischemia group, and there was significant difference [28 days after operation: (51±5) and (54±5) s in ischemia group and ischemic medication group respectively, P ＜ 0.05]. ②Time of tearing off the rubberized cloth was longer in ischemia group and ischemic medication group than that in sham operation group, and there was significant difference [3 days after operation: (47±9), (188±20) and (172±22) s in sham operation group, ischemia group and ischemic medication group respectively, P ＜ 0.01]. The time in ischemic medication group was shorter than that in ischemia group, and there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Chlorimipramine has great effect on the recovery of muscular strength after focal cerebral ischemia, but has poor effect on sense and refined motor function, which is in coincidence with the poor recovery of refined motor function of limbs after hemiplegia.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of dosage-escalated sorafenib in pa-tients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Methods Twelve male patients and 4 female patients with median age of 53 (37-71 years) were included in this study. They were with refractory meta-static renal-clear-cell carcinoma and received sorafenib from 800 mg/d to 1200mg/d or 1800 mg/d gradually until intolerable or disease progression occurred. Overall response rate, toxicity and progres-sion free survival (PFS) were recorded and analyzed. Results The median follow-up was 11 months (9-16 months). The overall rate of objective response and disease control rate were 44%(7/16)and 81%(13/16), respectively. Serious adverse effects (≥Grade Ⅲ) included hand-foot skin reaction (25%, 4/16), mucositis (19%, 3/16), diarrhea (19%, 3/16), hypertension (12%, 2/16) and my-elosuppression (12%, 2/16). PFS for high risk patient was 9.2 months at the end of this study. Conclusions The dosage-escalated sorafenib could obtain a high response rate and prolong PFS of high-risk patients. The toxicities are tolerable for metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with sorafenib.