OBJECTIVE To study the risk factors and clinical characteristics of nosocomial infection in senile patients with acute myelogenous leukemia who received chemotherapy.METHODS Ninety-one cases of senile patients with acute myelogenous leukemia received 304 times of chemotherapy with etiological examination,to analyze the relationship between nosocomial infection and absolute neutrophil count in peripheral blood,the cellularity of the marrow and chronic systemic disorder.RESULTS All indicators of senile patients with acute myelogenous leukemia were higher than those of younger patients(P0.05).CONCLUSIONS Age,different stage of chemotherapy,the neutrocytopenia level and prolongation,and hypocellularity of bone marrow are related to the nosocomial infection in senile patients with acute myelogenous leukemia,and the chronic systemic disorder is not a risk factor.

Objective To evaluate accuracy of cefoxitin disk testing for detecting oxacillin resistance coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS). Methods 139 clinical coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were detected with ID32 STAPH. Cefoxitin disk and oxacillin disk testing were used to detect MRCNS. PBP2a was tested by latex agglutination us a reference method. Results 139 CNS isolates were identified to 8 species: Staphylococcus haemolyticus , S. epidermidis , S. hominis , S. xylosus , S. saprophyticus , S. auricularis , S. simulans and S. warneri. The sensitivity and specificity for cefoxtin disk and oxacillin disk testing were 99.0% vs. 86.0% and 91.7% vs. 74.4%, respectively. One S. epidermidis strain was identified to affect the sensitivity of cefoxitin disk testing. S. xylosus, S. warned, and S. saprophyticus were major species related to the decrease of specificity of cefoxitin disk testing. S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. simulans and S. auricularis were major species related to the decrease of sensitivity of oxacillin disk testing. And the decrease of specificity of oxacillin disk testing were mainly related to S. hominis , S. simulans , S. xylosus , S. auricularis , S. saprophyticus and S. warneri. Conclusions The accuracy of MRCNS detection by cefoxitin disk testing is varied due to different CNS species. So it is necessary to test PBP2a or mecA gene according to CNS species, especially for S. xylosus, S. warned and S. saprophyticus.

OBJECTIVERadial corrective osteotomy is an established but challenging treatment for distal radial malunion. There is an ongoing discussion about whether an opening or closing-wedge osteotomy between should employed. The purpose of the present study was to retrospectively compare the clinical and radio graphic results between conventional opening-wedge osteotomy and closing-wedge technique.

METHODSFrom January 2004 and December 2012,42 patients with extra-articular distal radial malunion were managed with corrective osteotomy and were followed for a minimum of one year. Twenty-two patients (5 males and 17 females, ranging in age from 25 to 75 years old) were managed with radial opening-wedge osteotomy and implanting of interpositional bone graft or bone-graft substitute, and twenty patients (4 males and 16 females, ranging in age from 19 to 79 years) were managed with simultaneous radial closing-wedge and ulnar shortening osteotomy without bone graft. The selection of the surgical procedure was determined by the surgeon. Each patient was evaluated on the basis of objective radio graphic measurements, and functional outcomes were determined on the basis of clinical examinations, including range of wrist motion, grip strength, pain-rating score, Mayo wrist score, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score.

RESULTSThe mean duration of follow-up was 36 months (ranged, 12 to 101 months) for the opening-wedge cohort and 28 months (ranged, 12 to 87 months) for the closing-wedge cohort. The two techniques were comparable in terms of complications. Post-operative volar tilt and ulnar variance were improved significantly in each cohort. The ulnar variance was more frequently restored to within defined criteria (22.5 to 0.5 mm) in the closing-wedge cohort than that in the opening-wedge cohort. The post-operative mean extension-flexion are of the wrist and Mayo wrist score were significantly better in the closing-wedge cohort. Differences in the pronation-supination arc, grip strength, pain-rating score, and DASH scores between these two cohorts were not significant.

CONCLUSIONThe closing wedge osteotomy technique is an effective reconstructive procedure for the treatment of extra-articular distal radial malunion. It is significantly better than the opening-wedge osteotomy technique in terms of the restoration of ulnar variance, the extension-flexion arc of wrist motion, and the Mayo wrist score.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Nails ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteotomy ; Radius Fractures ; surgery ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Wrist Joint ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective:To explore the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)with respect to the bal- ance of Th1/Th2.Methods:Eighteen healthy male minipigs,weighing 22-30 kg,were randomly divided into two groups: MODS group and control group.Double-hit method including hemorrhagic shock and endotoxiemia was used to establish the porcine MODS model.The peripheral vein blood samples were collected at different time-points(before bloodletting,before en- dotoxin injection,1 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h after endotoxin injection)in the two groups.The spleen samples were collected after death of the animals.Plasma levels of IFN-?and IL-4 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Real- time PCR was used to detect the expression of IFN-?,IL-4,T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA(The latter 2 were the key transcription factors associated with Th1/Th2 response)in the spleen samples.Results:The plasma levels of IFN-?and IL-4 quickly reached the peak values 1 h after the endotoxin injection,then the level of IFN-?decreased quickly.The ratio of IFN-?/IL-4 was signifi- cantly lower than the baseline value 72 h after endotoxin injection(P=0.000).The ratio of IFN-?/IL-4 mRNA in MODS group was obviously lower than that in the control group(P=0.020);the ratio of T-bet/GATA-3 was also lower in MODS group (P=0.038).Conclusion:The shift from Th1 to Th2 occurs in the progress of MODS.

BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis has relationship with the down-regulation of osteoprotegedn expression. Osteoprotegerin could inhibit bone resorption in the animal experiment and clinical application for treating oestrogenic hormone deficiency osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of exogenous recombinant osteoprotegerin fusion protein on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rats. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized grouping, controlled animal expenment was performed in the Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2006 and June 2008. MATERIALS: Sixty healthy male Wistar rats of clean grade; Dexamethasone was produced by Tianjin Jinyao Amino Acid Co., Ltd (Licenca No. H12020515). METHODS: Sixty rats were divided into 3 groups randomly with 20 rats in each. Control group: the rats were administrated with 0.9％ sodium chloride. Dexamethasone group: the rats were administrated with dexamethasone intramuscularly. Osteoprotegedn group: the rats were administrated with dexamethasone and recombinant osteoprotegerin intramuscularly. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All rats were sacrificed at 12 weeks after administration. The urine calcium, phosphor, creatinine, bone mineral density, biomechanics tests of femur and vertebral body, were measured. Immunohistochemistry staining were performed to observe osteoprotegerin expression.RESULTS: Sixty rats were all involved in the final analysis. ①Compared with control group, udne calcium increased in the Dexamethasone group (P < 0.05); the bone mineral density of lumbar vertebra and femur decreased significantly (P < 0.05), especially lumbar vertebra (P < 0.01); biomechanics tests of femur and vertebral body (maximum load, maximum stress, elasticity load, elasticity stress, elastic modulus) decreased significantly (P < 0.05); immunohistochemistry staining showed that endogenous osteoprotegerin expressions were reduced significantly in bone marrow of Dexamethasone group (P < 0.01). ②Compared with Dexamethasone group, urine calcium decreased in the osteoprotegerin group (P < 0.01 ); the bone mineral density of lumbar vertebra and femur increased (P < 0.05); the parameters of biomechanics testa of femur and vertebral body increased (P < 0.05); the osteoprotegerin expression was not changed between Dexamethasone group and osteoprotegerin group.CONCLUSION: Glucocorticoid could inhibit osteoprotegerin expression in the bone followed by progressive bone loss and induce osteoporosis. Recombinant osteoprotegerin works effectively in inhibiting bone resorption after administrated with glucocorticoid, reduce bone resorption index, increase bone mineral index and bone strength, thus improving the osteoporosis which is induced by glucocorticoid.

A pairs of primers were designed according to the fusion protein(F)gene sequences of canine distemper virus(CDV)in GenBank.A 369 bp fragment aimed signal peptide fragment of F gene was amplified.The PCR products from viscera samples,blood,urine of fur animals including foxes,minks and raccoon dogs,which collected in the years 2005-2007,were cloned to pMD18-T Vector and sequenced.We obtained 13 positive signal peptide fragments from wild-type strains.The results indicated there was obviously genetic diversity between the wild-type strains and CDV3 and other vaccine strains.The homology with CDV3 is 80.7%-83.2%in nucleotide,and 64.8%-71.3%in amino acid.The analysis for the hydrophobic regions indicated the function of signal peptide fragment may be changed.This study can offer aca- demic data to research of CDV genetic variation and epidemiology.

Palladium hydrogel capped by β-cyclodextrins (Pdβ-CD) was prepared by a facile method with β-cyclodextrins and palladium(II) chloride,which were then modified onto the surface of gold electrode. The morphology and structure of the as-prepared palladium hydrogel were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while the electrochemistry behaviors of gold electrode modified by Pdβ-CDwere investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry(DPV). The results indicated the sensor had high electrochemistry response to hydrazine hydrate in the presence of K+,Na+,Mg2+,NH+4,Ni+2,Mn2+,Cl-,NO-3,SO2-4,PO3-4,HCOO-, C6H5O-3. Under the optimized conditions, the oxidized peak current showed linear relationship with the concentration of hydrazine hydrate in the concentration range of 25-950 μmol/L and the limit of detection (LOD) of 1.6 μmol/L(S/N=3).Owing to the facile preparation,high sensitivity and selectivity,the sensor has potential applications in determination of hydrazine hydrate in real water samples

BACKGROUNDHistone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are a group of small chemical molecules that inhibit histone deacetylase. At cell level, HDAC inhibitors have multiple biological effects such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, cell differentiation and auotophagy. At molecular level, HDAC inhibitors cause histone and nonhistone acetylation and induce gene expression. HDAC inhibitors are widely used in cancer therapy because of its function of inducing apoptosis. However, the mechanisms of apoptosis effect are not fully understood. TSA is a classical HDAC inhibitor and widely used in epigenetic and anti-cancer research. In this study, we selected Trichostatin A (TSA) to investigate the mechanisms of HDAC inhibitors apoptotic effect on cancer cells.

METHODSCervical cancer cell lines such as Hela, Caski and normal human keratinocyte line HaCaT were treated with various concentrations of TSA. Crystal violent assay and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay were performed to determine cell number. PARP cleavage and FITC-AnexinV were performed to determine apoptosis. DNA-methyltransferase (DNMT)1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B were determined by regular PCR, qPCR and Western Blotting. Small interfering RNA (SiRNAi) was used to knock down DNMT3B.

RESULTSHDAC inhibitors only induce cervical cancer cell apoptosis. At 1 µmol/L of TSA, 86% of Hela cell and 76% of Caski went apoptosis. For normal cells, HDAC inhibitors have no cytotoxic effect at therapeutic dosage, (90.0 ± 8.4)% of normal cell survive after treated with 1 µmol/L of TSA. We compared 1 µmol/L group with untreated control with t-test. There was no significance between 1 µmol/L group and untreated control for normal cell (P > 0.05). HDAC inhibitors decreased DNMT3B in cancer cell but not in normal cell. Manually knock-down of DNMT3B induced Hela and Caski cell apoptosis. More than 99% of Hela and Caski cell went apoptosis after deprived of DNMT3B.

CONCLUSIONSDNMT3B was essential to cervical cancer cell survival. Down-regulated DNMT3B by HDAC inhibitors may play an important role in the toxicity of HDAC inhibitors on cervical cancer cells.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; HeLa Cells ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydroxamic Acids ; pharmacology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; enzymology ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the expression and significance of cyclin E, cyclin D1, CDK4 and p27 protein in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) and their correlation with tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis.

METHODSExpressions of cyclin E, cyclin D1, CDK4 and p27 protein in 65 patients with ESCC were quantitatively detected by flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe expressions of cyclin E, cyclin D1, CDK4 in poorly-differentiated ESCC were higher than those in well-differentiated ESCC (P = 0.0275, 0.0001, 0.0174). The expression of p27 in poorly-differentiated ESCC was lower than that in well-differentiated ESCC (P = 0.0042). There was positive correlation between cyclin E and cyclin D1, cyclin D1 and CDK4, but negative correlation between cyclin D1 and p27. The expressions of all four proteins were not correlated with lymph node metastasis.

CONCLUSIONThe expressions of cyclin E, cyclin D1, CDK4 and p27 are closely related to tumor differentiation of ESCC. An imbalance between positive and negative control of cell cycling might be critical in the carcinogenesis of esophageal squamous cell cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; secondary ; Cell Differentiation ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Cyclin E ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; metabolism ; Cyclins ; metabolism ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To explore the relationship of alcoholism between osteoporosis or femoral head necrosis.Methods In this case-control study,we selected 95 eligible patients with femoral head necrosis and another 67 cases of osteoporosis as case group,together with 342 patients of fractures from the Second Hospital affiliated to Shanxi Medical College,from February to December 2010,as the control group.Questionnaire was used to collect general information of the patients.Through comparative analysis,related factors of femoral head,osteoporosis were defined.18 patients with alcoholic femoral head necrosis,11 patients with alcoholic osteoporosis and 20 patients with fractures were selected from the above said three groups and going through the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) as well as the Alcohol Use Disorders Scale (ADS).Using SPSS 13.0 conducted one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance),chi-square test,categorical logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results Results from logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio of those subjects who liked drinking alcohol had an incidence of femoral head necrosis or osteoporosis as 7.70 (95％ CI:1.84,32.30) and 8.44 (95％ CI:1.70,41.90),respectively.The risks of using hormone for treating femoral head necrosis or osteoporosis were 78.43 (95％CI:11.20,149.05) and 22.75 (95％CI:2.59,100.27) times than those without.Data from the AUDIT showed that:over-dose of alcohol drinking habit existed 100％ in the femoral head necrosis group while 54.45％ in the osteoporosis group,while 75 percent patients in the fractures group had normal alcohol drinking habit.Statistically significant differences appeared in the three groups (P＜0.01).Results from the ADS showed that there were statistically significant differences between the ADS scores of the three groups (F=3.68,P=0.03).Conclusion Alcohol intake did seem to be highly correlated with the incidence rates of femoral head necrosis or osteoporosis.Alcohol-related necrosis could be viewed as alcohol-dependent diseases while alcohol-related and osteoporosis could partially be recognized as alcohol-dependent disease.