Ojective To investigate the relationship between the serum adiponectin concentration and insulin resistance in patients with obesity and diabetic patients. Methods Fasting serum adiponectin concentration was measured by RIA in 19 normal subjects, 23 obese subjects, 31 diabetic patients without obesity and 26 diabetic patients with obesity. Results There was no significant difference in serum adiponectin concentration between nomal and obese subjects, and between type 2 diabetics without obesity and type 2 diabetics with obesity . The serum adiponectin concentrations was significantly higher in type 2 diabetics without or with obesity than that in nomal and obese subjects. There was significant difference in serum adiponectin concentration between female and male subjects. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference(WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (BF%), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C) were significantly correlated with serum adiponectin concentration. A stepwise mulitiple linear regression analysis showed that HDL-C, FPG, WC, BF% entered the regression equation. Conclusion Serum adiponection level was associated with sex, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance.

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging features in patients with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) through a comparative study in patients with ischemic stroke with or without VBD.Methods The patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into either a VBD group or a non-VBD group according to magnetic resonance angiography.The VBD group was further divided into an anterior circulation infarction subgroup and a posterior circulation infarction subgroup.The cardiovascular risk factors,the diameter of basiar artery (BA),bifurcation height,and horizontal displacement were compared in all groups.Results A total of 269 patients with acute cerebral infarction were included,28 had VBD,accounting for 10.41％ of the patients with acute cerebral infarction during the same period.The proportion of male patients (78.6％ vs.66.8％ ;x2 =4.392,P =0.036),age (70.38 ± 10.58 years vs.62.86 ± 12.20 years; t =2.870,P =0.009),and the proportion of hypertension (89.3％ vs.47.7％ ; x2 =17.367,P =0.000) in the VBD group were significantly higher than those in the non-VBD group.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the advanced age (odds ratio [OR] 1.248,95％ confidence interval [CI] 1.137-1.371; P=0.000),hyperglycemia (OR 1.599,95％ CI 1.181-2.164; P =0.002),hypertension (OR 1.251,95％ CI 1.020-1.534; P =0.032) and increased triglyceride level (OR 1.876,95％ CT 1.021-3.445; P =0.043) were the independent risk factors for VBD,while female gender (OR 0.133,95％ CI 0.024-0.735; P =0.021) was the independent protective factor for VBD.Of the 28 cerebral infarction patients with VBD,9 had anterior circulation infarction and 19 had posterior circulation infarction.There were significant differences in BA diameter ([5.40 ± 0.49] cm vs.[6.00 ± 0.77] cm; t =2.046,P =0.041),and the proportions of high score in bifurcation height (x2 =6.768,P =0.037) and horizontal displacement (x2 =5.241,P =0.042) between the 2 groups (all P ＜0.05).The multivafiate logistic regression analysis showed that the BA bifurcation height was an independent risk factor for posterior circulation infarction (OR 1.347,95％ CI 1.069-2.457; P =0.038) in patients with VBD.Conclusions VBD accounted for 10.41％ of the patients with acute cerebral infarction during the same period.Advanced age,hyperglycemia,hypertension and increased triglyceride level were the independent risk factors for VBD.Female gender was the independent protective factors for VBD,and the BA bifurcation height was an independent risk factor for VBD occurring posterior circulation infarction.

italic>γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a crucial inhibitory neurotransmitter found in various cells in the human body. While the GABAergic system is typically associated with the nervous system, recent research has revealed that immune cells and tumor cells also express components of this system. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), GABA is secreted to act extracellularly on other cells. GABA is metabolized via the GABA shunt and is involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle by generating succinate, which can provide energy for tumor cells. Activation of GABA receptors (GABARs) is a major pathway through which GABA participates in the regulation of antitumor immune responses. The activation of GABA type A receptors (GABA_ARs) can inhibit the activation and proliferation of T cells, elicit anti-inflammatory macrophages, and promote tumor cell growth and migration, while activation of GABA type B receptors (GABA_BRs) is generally considered to inhibit cancer cell migration and induce cancer cell apoptosis. In general, receptor activation inhibits immune cells, but the effect on tumor cells varies. Additionally, the downregulation of the expression levels of GABA transporters (GATs) is involved in tumor progression. Although antagonists of GABA metabolism and drugs that act on GABA receptors are considered therapeutic drugs for tumors, there have been few clinical studies conducted on them.

Tumor cells leads to enhanced glucose uptake and the conversion of a larger fraction of pyruvate into lactate even under the circumstance of abundant oxygen. This phenomenon of aerobic glycolysis is known as the Warburg effect. Lactic acid, as an important tool for tumor cells to modify the tumor microenvironment, promotes the process of tumor invasion and metastasis, and contributes to tumor development by inducing and recruiting immunosuppression-related cells and molecules. Lactic acid could efflux out of the cancer cells via the monocarboxylate transporters to prevent intracellular acidification. Lactate can inhibit the cytolytic activity of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, promoting the differentiation of tolerogenic interleukin 10 (IL-10)-producing dendritic cells. Moreover, the lactate-derived lactylation of histone lysine residues can promote macrophage polarization toward the M2-like phenotype, suppressing the immune response within the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the role of lactate as an immunosuppressor molecule that contributes to tumor evasion from the aspects of lactic acid metabolism and its effect on immune cells. And we explore the possibility of targeting potential targets in lactate metabolism for tumor treatment. At last, we proposed a tumor immunotherapy strategy by inhibiting the pathway of aerobic glycolysis and proteins associated with the production and transport of lactic acid.

As an essential amino acid, tryptophan (Trp) has various physiological functions and is of great significance in the metabolic process of tumors. In the human body, tryptophan is mainly transformed through kynurenine metabolic pathway, which not only promotes the inherent malignant properties of tumor cells, but also leads to immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Changes in tryptophan metabolism often occur in tumors, accompanied by abnormal gene expression of tryptophan-related enzymes, among which indoleamine 2,3-bioxygenase (IDO)-related gene expression and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO)-related gene changes are the most significant. A large number of clinical trials on IDO inhibitors, TDO inhibitors and combination therapy have been carried out. This paper reviewed the tryptophan metabolic pathway, regulation of IDO (TDO), kynurenine (KYN) and other related genes in tumor cells, and outlined the development of therapeutic schedule targeting tryptophan-related genes. The new progress provides new ideas for the further exploration of tumor treatment options.

Objective To carry out the quality control testing and evaluation for three digital mammography systems.Methods The performance of three digital mammography systems was assessed by applying methods recommended in the European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis and Chinese specification for testing of quality control in X-ray mammography.The performance of X-ray generator of three digital mammography systems were tested and evaluated.CDMAM 3.4 phantom with four different thickness(30,40,50,60 mm) were exposured in DR,PCM,and CR system,respectively.The average glandular dose (AGD) value was measured and image quality figure (IQF) analysis was performed in each thickness.Results The X-ray machine performance of DR and CR was in accordance with existing standard,however the standard was inappropriate to evaluate part of X-ray machine performance of PCM system.The AGDs for system DR were 1.20,1.42,1.75 and 2.20 mGy for 30,40,50 and 60 mm PMMA thickness,respectively.The respective AGDs for system PCM and CR were 0.82,1.19,1.33,1.70 mGy and 0.59,0.88,1.47,2.19 mGy.For the same phantom thickness sequence,the IQFs were 21.36,21.57,27.25 and 30.58 for system DR,28.02,29.10,35.90,and 41.24 for system PCM,whereas they were 39.78,39.30,43.85 and 48.08 for system CR.Conclusions The AGDs of all three systems were in accordance with the values recommended in European guideline.The AGD and IQF could provide an effective way for performance assessment and constancy checks for digital mammography systems.

A transmissible gastroenteritis virus strain was isolated from suspect samples in Sichuan province and identified by ST cell culture, direct fluorescent antibody test (FA), neutralization test (NT), TME examination and some other methods, then it was named SC-Y. The isolated strain could produce obvious cytopathic effects (CPE), The TCID50 was 10(-3.664)/0.05 mL, The neutralization index is 52.5. cDNA fragments covering the complete genome were amplified by the long reverse transcription PCR. The amplified fragments were further cloned and sequenced. The genome of SC-Y strain was assembled by BioEdit. The length of complete genome was 28590 nucletides, and was composed of 7 ORFs, which was flanked by untranslated regions (UTRs) with 315 bases at the 5'-end and 277 bases at the 3'-end. Phylogenetic analysis based on genome suggested that SC-Y might belong to same subgroup with Purdue strain.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Viral ; chemistry ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neutralization Tests ; Phylogeny ; Swine ; Transmissible gastroenteritis virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; ultrastructure

Objective To investigate the clinical value of low-dose decitabine (DAC) in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients with intermediate-or high-risk. Methods Low-dose DAC (10 mg/d, 7 days) combined with CAG regimen were given to 19 elderly patients with AML and intermediate- or high-risk MDS patients. The efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated after a course of treatment, and the patients were followed up for survival. Results After a course of treatment, 8 patients achieved complete remission (CR), 7 patients achieved partial remission (PR). After 4 courses of treatment, 68.4 % (13/19) of patients achieved CR, the overall response rate reached 78.9% (15/19). Fewer side effects were seen associated with chemotherapy. After 42 months of follow-up, there were 12 survival cases, the median survival time was 13.5 months (3-42 months). Conclusion Low-dose DAC combined with CAG regimen have a better efficacy, higher safety, and lower economic burden for elderly AML patients and intermediate- or high-risk MDS patients, which is beneficial to greatly improve patients' compliance.

The effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia were systematically reviewed. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding acupuncture for supraventricular tachycardia were searched in domestic and overseas databases, and the evaluation tool of bias risk in Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 software was used to perform the evaluation of bias risk in literature, and RevMan 5.2 software was applied for statistics and Meta-analysis. Five RCTs involving 323 patients were included. The results showed that compared with the blank control group, the acupuncture reduced the heart rate by 18.8 times/min [95% CI (12.68, 24.92)]; the clinical effective rate in the acupuncture group was superior to that in the diltiazem group [OR= 3.11, 95% CI (1.50, 6.46)]; the difference of immediate effect between propafenone and acupuncture was not significant. No reports regarding adverse events was described in 5 RCTs. As was shown in the present evidence, acupuncture is safe and effective for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia, but the level of evidence was low and the intensity of conclusion needed to be improved.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome