Objective To analyze the features of normal high-frequency ultrasonography of tarsal tunnel. Methods Forty volunteers (20 males and 20 females) were examined with high-frequency ultrasound (12 MHz). The tendons,nerve and blood vessels in tarsal tunnel were observed from short-axis and long-axis views dynamically. The areas of tarsal tunnel and posterior tibial nerve were measured and com-pared between the males and females. Results High-frequency ultrasonography depicted the anatomical structure of tarsal tunnel,and the tendons,nerve and blood vessels presented different sonographic features that were easy to differentiate. The area of tarsal tunnel: male (7.61 ±1.00) cm2,female (6. 61 ± 1. 07) cm2 (P <0. 01). The area of posterior tibial nerve: male (9. 59 ± 0. 75) mm2,female (8.91 ±0.74) mm2(P<0.01). Conclusion High-frequency ultrasonography can clearly show and accurately measure the tarsal tunnel structure. To be familiar with the normal ultrasonographic anatomy of tarsal tunnel will help to improve the efficacy of ultrasound diagnosis of tarsal tunnel abnormalities.

Diabetes is a kind of metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia The oral hypoglycemic agents used currently are required to take every day,which brings inconvenience to patients.Omarigliptin is a small molecule DPP-4 (depeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitor.The drug is developed by the Merck Co,mainly for the treatment of type two diabetes.The drug only need to be taken once a week,so as to improve the patient's compliance and adherence,thereby improving the therapeutic effect.This article introduces the information of omarigliptin from the aspects of synthesis,pharmacology,pharmacokinetics,and clinical research,which provides valuable information for pharmaceutical workers.

Objective To investigate the expressions of transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1)and ?-smooth muscle actin(?-SMA)in the lungs of mice with intra-amniotic endotoxin priming and exposed to 60% hyperoxia after born in order to elucidate the possible relationship with bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD).MethodsFifty C57 pregnant mice were divided into 2 groups:lipopolysaccharide(LPS,40 ?g/L)group and saline solution group,and then received an intra-amniotic injection of corresponding solution on E15.The neonatal mice of each group were randomized to be set in 60% oxygen exposure or in room air.So there were 4 subgroups,LPS+air,LPS+hyperoxia,saline+air and saline+hyperoxia groups.On days 1,3,7,10 and 14 after birth(8 rats each time point),the lung histological changes was assessed with hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining for radial alveolar counting(RAC).The expressions of TGF-?1 and ?-SMA proteins were detected by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining,and the expressions of TGF-?1 and ?-SMA mRNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).ResultsIn the LPS+hyperoxia group and saline+hyperoxia group,RAC began to decrease on day 3,and then further declined in a time-dependent manner.Compared with saline+hyperoxia group,LPS+hyperoxia group had significantly lower RAC(P

Adult ; Heavy Metal Poisoning ; Hemoperfusion ; Humans ; Male ; Poisoning ; therapy ; Thallium ; poisoning

Objective Testing the CRP and PLT for patients with acute myocardium infarction(AMI) .Analysising the relation‐ship between AMI and CPR or PLT .Methods We chose 60 patients with AMI who treat in our hospital during 2012/11 and 2014/10 as an observation group .As the same time ,we also chose 60 healthy person as a comparison group .Testing the CRP and PLT of the two groups with the same method ,and then we compare and analysis the results .Results The observation group's concentration of CRP is (22 .13 ± 4 .71)mg/L ,level of PLT is (241 ± 33)× 109/L .The comparison group's concentration of CRP is(2 .74 ± 0 .49) mg/L ,level of PLT is(162 ± 26) × 109/L .The result of the observation group is obvious higher than the comparison group ,and the difference is significance(P<0 .05) .The observation group's positive rate of CRP is 73 .33% ,increase of PLT is 38 .33% .The comparison group's positive rate of CRP is 3 .33% ,increase of PLT is 5 .00% .The result of the observation group is obvious higher than the comparison group ,and the difference is significance(P<0 .05) .Conclusion To the clinical diagnosis of AMI ,testing the CRP concentration and the PLT level is useful to understand the patient's host defenses and inflammation condition .It has clinical value to AM I's prevent ,diagnosis and prognosis .

CD36 Antigens ; metabolism ; Cell Aggregation ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Foam Cells ; pathology ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; blood ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative ; blood ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous ; blood ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; blood ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Nephritis ; blood ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nephritis, Hereditary ; blood ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effect of combined treatment with safflor yellow powder injection and benazepril in treating patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN).

METHODSSeventy-six patients with DN were randomly assigned to the treatment group (39 cases) and the control group (37 cases). Conventional treatment for lowering blood glucose was given to both groups, but to the control group 10 mg benazepril was given orally once a day additionally, while to those in the treatment group the same dosage of benazepril po. and 150 mg/d of safflor yellow powder injection by adding in 250 mL 0.9% normal saline for intravenous dripping. The therapeutic course for them all was 15 days, and all patients received two courses with an interval of 5 days. Changes of clinical symptoms, urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), blood and urinary levels of beta2 -microglobulin (beta2 -MG), urinary level of alpha1-microglobulin (alpha1 -MG), D-dimer (D-D) and plasma fibrinogen (FIB) were observed.

RESULTSThe total effective rate in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (84.62% vs 59.45 %, P < 0.05). The total score of syndrome in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Levels of UAER, 132-MG in serum and in urine, alpha1-MG in urine were decreased significantly after after 2 courses of treatment in both groups, showing significant difference as compared with before treatment (P < 0.05 or P <0.01), and the decrements were more significant in the treatment group than those in the control group (P <0.05); while decrease of FIB, D-D only happened in the treatment group (P <0.01), so the post-treatment data in the treatment group were significantly lower as compared with those in the control group (P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONCombined therapy with safflor yellow injection and benazepril is superior to benazepril alone in reducing urinary albumin, improving renal function and blood hyperviscosity manner for patients with DN, suggesting the combination of the two could play their respective superiorities and act in cooperation for retarding the progression of DN.

Adult ; Albumins ; analysis ; Benzazepines ; administration & dosage ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; urine ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To investigate the clinical value of prenatal ultrasound in fetal meningocele and encephalocele.Methods Thirty nine fetuses with meningocele and encephalocele confirmed by prenatal ultrasound and abortion were acquired and their clinical data and sonographic features were retrospectively analyzed.Results Ultrasound screening in 111 620 cases showed 39 fetuses were with meningocele and encephalocele,accounting for 0.35％.Among them,16 cases were diagnosed with meningocele (including 1 case with two bulging parts) and 23 cases with encephalocele.Prenatal ultrasound could clearly detect the location and size fetal skull defect,and bulging features.According to their sonographic features,meningocele or encephalocele was determined.Conclusion Ultrasound could be a reliable prenatal screening method,provide an important basis for clinical intervention and have a significant clinical value in fetal meningocele and encephalocele.

This paper presents the detail methods which innovation activities are in harmony for fundamental medical physics ex- periment teaching without increasing course period and new equipment.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of the clinical pathway for the treatment of advanced schistosomiasis he-patic fibrosis. Methods The duration of hospital stay,gross hospitalization expense,individual-paid expense,interior diame-ter of portal vein,levels of four serum hepatic fibrosis-related parameters(PIIIP,CIV,HA,and LN),and activities of ALT, AST andγ-GT were assessed and compared between the advanced schistosomiasis patients receiving the clinical pathway and ones receiving non-clinical pathway. Results There were 142 advanced schistosomiasis patients with hepatic fibrosis receiving the clinical pathway of anti-hepatic fibrosis. Compared with the patients receiving non-clinical pathway ,the gross hospitalization expenses reduced by 11.2％(t=6.310,P<0.05),and the individual-paid expenses reduced by 16.1％(t=4.326,P<0.05). The mean HA level was twice higher than the normal range,with a positive rising from 70.4％to 83.1％,and the abnormal rates of CIV andγ-GT were 64.1％and 28.9％respectively. Conclusions The clinical pathway can drastically reduce the treatment expenses in advanced schistosomiasis patients with hepatic fibrosis. However,the patients have a trend towards the persistent disease progression. Therefore,the researches of more effective therapeutic methods for advanced schistosomiasis hepatic fibro-sis are urgently needed.