Adult ; Child ; Diet ; Female ; Fetus ; immunology ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; embryology ; immunology ; Maternal Behavior ; Pregnancy ; immunology ; Risk Factors

Health Facilities ; Humans ; Medical Waste Disposal ; methods ; standards ; Public Health Practice ; standards

Acute and chronic graft rejection are the major factors leading to graft non-function.There is an active expression of chemokines early after transplantation.They recruit T cells and antigen presenting cells selectively to the graft, leading to inflammatory reaction and finally to graft non-function.Accordingly,monitoring the expression status of chemokines and their receptors regularly may help to the diagnose rejection.To determine one or more chemokines or their receptors as the new targets for anti-rejection therapy will be of great clinical significance.This review focuses on the research progression in the above areas.

Objective To assess the quality of life(QOL)in patients with stroke at the acute stage,and to determine whether all the dimensions of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey(SF-36)are applicable to the stroke patients.Methods Fifty stroke patients at the acute stage were studied.The SF-36 was employed to assess the quality of life of the patients,and a self-designed questionnaire was used to record the general information of them.The data obtained from the patients was compared with the Chinese norm reported in literature. We also calculated the percentage of subjects who achieved the lowest possible score(score of 0,floor effect)and the percentage of subjects who achieved the highest possible score(score of 100,ceiling effect).Results The QOL of the acute stroke patients,as reflected by scores with all the dimensions of the SF-36 scale,was significantly reduced when compared with the norm data(P

Objective To explore the relationship between tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-? promoter G238A,G308A and interferon(IFN)-?+874A/T polymorphism and susceptibility to cytomegalovirus(CMV) hepatitis.Methods A TaqMan fluorescence polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in the IFN-?+874A/T and TNF-? gene promoter region single nucleotide polymorphism was tested in the subjects,including 87 infants with CMV hepatitis and 89 children without CMV hepatitis.Results No evident difference of TNF-? +238G/A and+308G/A allele frequency was found between infants with CMV hepatitis and controls.The cases of IFN-?+874 AA,AT and TT genotype were 64,20,3 cases in the infant CMV hepatitis group,and 45,26 and 18 cases in the control group,respectively.There was significant difference in IFN-?+874 allele genotype and frequency between infants with CMV hepatitis and the control group(P=0.001,P

Contraindications ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Promethazine ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

Adult ; Aged ; Airway Management ; Cyanides ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Poisoning ; nursing ; Young Adult

Adult ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; nursing ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; nursing ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To explore the mechanism of therapeutic action of needle knife “regulating sinews and treating bones” on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) by observing the effect of needle knife intervention on KOA rabbit behaviors, mechanical characteristics of patellar ligament (PL), and expressions of interleukin-4 (IL-4), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and aggrecan in knee cartilages.Methods Forty New Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated to blank, model, needle knife and electroacupuncture groups, 10 rabbits each. A rabbit model of KOA was made by the modified Videman method of immobilization in extension position. After model making, the needle knife and electroacupuncture groups received needle knife and electroacupuncture treatments, respectively. A behavioral assessment was made using the modified Lequesne MG knee grade evaluation method in every group after model making and treatment. The samples were taken after treatment. PL tension, stress relaxation and creep state were tested using a Bose Electro Force 3300 protracted test machine. Cartilage cell IL-4 expression was examined by ELISA. MMP-3 mRNA and aggrecan mRNA expressions were detected by real-time PCR.Results After model making, there was a statistically significant difference in the Lequesne MG score between the model and blank groups (P<0.01); there was no statistically significant difference in the Lequesne MG score between the needle knife or electroacupuncture group and the model group (P>0.05). There was a statistically significant post-treatment difference in the Lequesne MG score between the needle knife or electroacupuncture group and the model group (P<0.01,P<0.05) and between the needle knife and electroacupuncture groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in PL maximum stress, maximum displacement, elastic modulus, stress relaxation rate and creep rate between the model and blank groups (P<0.01,P<0.05). There were statistically significant post-treatment post-treatment differences in PL maximum stress, maximum displacement, elastic modulus, stress relaxation rate and creep rate between the needle knife and model groups (P<0.01,P<0.05). There was a statistically significant post-treatment difference in elastic modulus between the electroacupuncture and model groups (P<0.01). The IL-4 content and aggrecan mRNA expression decreased significantly and MMP-3 mRNA expression increased significantly in the model group after model making and there were statistically significant differences compared with the blank group (P<0.01,P<0.05). After treatment, the IL-4 content increased significantly in the needle knife and electroacupuncture groups compared with the model group (P<0.01,P<0.05) and aggrecan mRNA expression tended to increase in the two groups. The regulation of aggrecan mRNA and MMP-3 mRNA expressions was better in the needle knife group than in the electroacupuncture groups, but there was no statistically significant difference compared with the model group (P>0.05).Conclusion The mechanism of action of needle knife treatment on KOA may be that it improves ligament mechanical characteristics, regulates intra-articular stress environment, and modulates aggrecan mRNA and MMP-3 mRNA expressions and inhibits cartilage degeneration through IL-4 mechanical signal pathway, to produce the therapeutic effect of “regulating sinews and treating bones”.

Antigens, Bacterial ; immunology ; urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Legionella pneumophila ; immunology ; Legionnaires' Disease ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Male ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; immunology