AIM: To assess the prevalence of refractive errors in middle school students in Lanzhou city and explore the risk factors for myopia.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. A questionnaire assessed the students' socioeconomic background and visual tasks followed by visual acuity assessment and a full eye examination including slit lamp examination, fundus evaluation, retinoscopy, and subjective refraction.RESULTS: Among 2 256 enumerated students aged 15-19 years, 2 037 (90.3%) students had significant refractive errors. Myopia was the leading refractive error (1 951/2 256,86.5%), astigmatism was the second most common refractive error (921/2 256, 40.8%), but amblyopia (10/2 256, 0.4%),strabismus (5/2 256, 0.2%), hyperopia (4/2 256, 0.2%) and other treatable eye disorders were uncommon. Almost 95.3% of students with significant refractive errors wore spectacles before the survey. Age, sex, visual tasks, and a parental history of myopia were risk factors for myopia.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of refractive errors and the risk factors for myopia in schoolchildren in Lanzhou city are similar to those reported in other regions of China.Interventions of myopia progression should be performed to protect the visual acuity of school-aged students.

AIM: To observe the efficacy of Medpor porous polyethylene implants in treatment of enophthalmos combined with orbital fracture.
METHODS: Seventeen cases ( 17 eyes ) with enophthalmos caused by orbital fracture underwent surgical treatment with Medpor porous polyethylene implants. All accepted a 6-mo follow-up and the data of enophthalmos, eyeball movement and diplopia were collected.
RESULTS: The average difference of exophthalmos between damaged eyes and undamaged eyes was (3. 4±1. 5 ) mm preoperatively, two cases had residual 1mm enophthalmos 6mo after surgery, while other 15 cases were completely corrected. Seventeen cases suffered from eyeball movement restriction and diplopia preoperatively, 16 cases had normal eyeball movement without diplopia 6mo after surgery, 1 case with limitation of abduction and horizontal diplopia. There was no extrusion, rejection, infection or other complications occurred during follow-up.
CONCLUSION: Medpor porous polyethylene implants can effectively improve the orbit volume to repair enophthalmos caused by orbital fracture.

Background The malignant degree of the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is high.Radiation therapy is sensitive,but the therapeutic schedule can not be unified,reasonable and effective therapeutic schedule is important in clinic treatment of the DLBCL.Objective This study was to access the effect of X-ray on the cell cycle and cell apoptosis of the DLBCL.Methods DLBCL cell line was cultured and the cell suspension was inoculated to 12-well cultured plate.The cells exposed to X-ray for 6,12,24,48 hours with the irradiation doses of 2,4,6,8 Gy respectively.The cell proportions of different cycles were assayed by flow cytometer,and cell apoptosis index was evaluated and calculated.Non-irradiation cells served as controls.Results The cells grew well with a good cell vitality and round-like shape,and the growth was stable in generation 2 or 3.With the increase of X-ray doses and the lapse of irradiation time,the cell proportions in G0-G1 phase gradually reduced (Fdose =45.58,P=0.00; Ftime =43.11,P=0.00).However,cell proportions in G2-M phase were gradually increased as the increase of X-ray doses and lapse of irradiation time (Fdose =40.77,P =0.00 ; Ftime =91.91,P =0.00).In addition,the apoptotic proportion of the cells was significantly elevated with the increase of X-ray dose and irradiation time (Fdose =87.36,P =0.00; Ftime =37.31,P =0.00).Conclusions X-ray irradiation retards DLBCL in the G2-M phase and causes cell apoptosis in dose-and time-dependent manner.

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and stability by comparing acuity and diopter of small incision lenticule extraction ( SMILE) , femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis ( FS-LASIK ) and laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASIK ) in treating myopia with a follow-up of 6mo.
METHODS: A retrospective study, 42 cases ( 84 eyes ) received SMILE, 37 cases ( 74 eyes ) received FS-LASIK and 31cases (62 eyes) undergone LASIK in our hospital during Apr. 2014 to Jun. 2014 were involved. The follow-up data of 6mo was analyzed. The preoperative spherical equivalent was -5. 91±1. 83D, -5. 89±1. 96D, -5. 88±1. 68D in SMILE, FS-LASIK and LASIK group, respectively. The differences of preoperative best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , pupil diameter ( PD ) and central corneal thickness ( CCT ) had no statistically significant between three groups. The postoperative uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA) , BCVA and diopter were comparative analyzed at 1wk, 1, 3 and 6m after surgery.
RESULTS:1) No patients lost to follow-up of 1wk and 1mo. A total of 10 eyes (5 cases), 10 eyes (5 cases) and 8 eyes (4 cases) lost to follow-up of 3m in SMILE、FS-LASIK and LASIK group, respectively, and raised to 18 eyes (9 cases), 12 eyes (6 cases) and 14 eyes (7 cases) in follow-up of 6m. 2) At 1wk follow-up, the differences of UCVA between SMILE group, FS- LASIK group vs LASIK group was statistically significant respectively ( t=4. 098, P=0. 000;t=2. 493, P=0. 004). 3) In LASIK group, the differences of UCVA between 1wk vs 3, 6m follow-up was statistically significant respectively (t=3. 410, P=0. 001;t=3. 771, P=0. 000), the differences of UCVA between 1m and 6m follow-up was statistically significant (t=2. 283, P=0. 026). 4) The differences of diopter were not statistically significant among three groups at 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo follow-up respectively (χ2=0. 119, P=0. 942;χ2=1. 504, P=0. 471;χ2=0. 949, P=0. 622; χ2=0. 277, P=0. 871). 5) the differences of eyes with UCVA≥5. 0 was statistically significant between SMILE group vs FS-LASIK group, LASIK group at 1wk follow-up (χ2=9. 249, P=0. 002<0. 05/3;χ2=12. 906, P=0. 000<0. 05/3), there was no significant statistical difference between FS-LASIK group and LASIK group (χ2=0. 500, P=0. 604). 6) there was no significant statistical difference of eyes with SE (±0. 50D) at any time post operation among three groups (χ2=0. 809, P=0. 697;χ2=1. 176, P=0. 634;χ2=0. 871, P=0. 736;χ2=0. 683, P=0. 770).CONCLUSION: All of SMILE, FS-LASIK and LASIK are effective and stable on treating myopia according to follow-up of 6mo. However, in this study, SMILE group shows more effective than FS-LASIK and LASIK at 1wk, which could enhance postoperative UCVA more rapidly.

Objective:To analyze the chemical constituents of the ether extracts from the fruits of 3 species of Chaenomeles . Methods: The chemical constituents were analyzed by GC MS. Results: Sixty one constituents were firstly isolated and identified from the fruits of 3 species of Chaenomeles . Forty compounds in Chaenomeles lagenaria , thirty four compounds in Xuan mugua ( C.lagenaria from Xuanzhou) and 23 compounds in C.sinensis were isolated and identified respectively. There were 10 compounds in all 3 species of Chaenomeles , but their contents were very much different. They were acetic acid, benzaldehyde, n caproic acid, 14 methyl pentadecanoic methyl ester, glycerin, benzoic acid, 6,9 octadecadienoic methyl ester, squalane, stearic acid and oleic eicosyl ester. Conclusion: The composition and content vary with different species and district of Chaenomeles . The result may be useful for the evaluation of Chaenomeles fruits quality. [

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the drug utilization of traditional Chinese medicine injections in our hospital so as to provide scientific basis for clinical rational use of traditional Chinese medicine injections.METHODS:The data of annual consumption and total consumption of traditional Chinese medicine injections in our hospital during 2001～2006 were calculated,and the DDDs and the daily average costs of traditional Chinese medicine injections were analyzed statistically.RESULTS: The annual consumption of traditional Chinese medicine injections showed an increasing trend in our hospital during 2001～2006,with the consumption sum of the top 10 traditional Chinese medicine injections showing a higher proportion,which had a great impact on the total consumption of traditional Chinese medicine injections.Moreover,the rank ratios were less than one for both consumption sum and DDDs of those drugs with high average daily costs.CONCLUSION: Great importance should be attached to the DDDs of traditional Chinese medicine injections and the post-marketing reevaluation for traditional Chinese medicine injections should be intensified.

Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

Objective To investigate the relationship between CIDE-B change and apoptosis by detecting expression of CIDE-B gene and protein under various injuring conditions(firearm injury and in- cision injury)and comparing neuronal apoptosis.Methods A total of 108 New Zealand rabbits were randomized into firearm injury group,incision injury group and control group.Samples were harvested at different time points after injury for measuring CIDE-B mRNA expression level by RT-PCR,demonstrating morphological distribution of CIDE-B mRNA by in situ hybridization and determining CIDE-B protein level by Western blot.Results Following nerve injury,CIDE-B mRNA expression in spinal cord was en- hanced markedly in the firearm injury group,increased from at day 1,reached peak at day 7,lasted for two weeks and declined after four weeks.CIDE-B mRNA expression was increased late,with small range in the incision injury group.The changes in CIDE-B protein level accorded with those in CIDE-B mRNA level.There was slight CIDE-B mRNA expression,distributing in spinal cord neuronal cytoplasma,in spinal cord tissues in the control group.Conclusions Following peripheral nerve injury,expressions of CIDE-B mRNA and protein are enhanced in spinal cord neurons and distributed in the grey matter of spi- nal cord.Such enhancement is more marked after firearm injury than incision injury.

BACKGROUND: Progressive body mass losses and physical strength decrease are common complications of malignant tumors, and they are important factors that affect the quality of life of the patients.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the curative effect of a Chinese herbal compound Yiqi Xiaozheng granules combined with antitumor drugs in the treatment of malignant tumors and its effect on the quality of life.DESIGN: A randomized controlled observation.SETTING:Clinical Tumor College of Peking University.PARTICIPANT: Totally 61 patients with malignant pulmonary carcinoma,breast or intestinal carcinoma hospitalized in the Wards of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Beijing Cancer Hospital from June 1999 to March 2002 were recruited.METHODS: Altogether 61 cases of malignant tumor were randomized into the treatment group (treated with Chinese herbal compound Yiqi Xiaozheng granules supplemented with chemotherapy)(n=34) and the control group (treated with only chemotherapy was used)(n=27). The difference in curative effect, survival period with tumor and the quality of life of the two groups were observed. The comparison of the curative effects of the two groups was performed according to Clinical Curative Effect Criteria for Solid Tumors stipulated by World Health Organization: completely response, partly response, stable disease, and progressive disease. X-ray examination was performed on the patients before the therapy and two courses of treatment after the therapy to evaluate the curative effect. Physical strength grading was made according to the evaluation criteria of Eastern Oneology Cooperative Group of the United States. The two groups were graded before and after the treatment. The group with decreased grade after the treatment was considered to be improving, but the group with increased grade after the treatment was considered to be worsening.symptom before and after therapyparison of the curative effect of the two groups: The cure rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (partial response rate,stability rate and progression rate of the two groups was 36% ,7% ;52%,survival with tumors: The mean period of survival with tumors of the treatment group was longer than that of the control group until March 2002ing: Physical strength grading status was better after the therapy in the treatment group than that in the control group [ In the treatment group, 9cases (26%)were ameliorated, 25 (74%)appeared stable , none was aggravated; in the control group, 1 case (4%) was ameliorated, 25(93%) appeared of qi-deficiency symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine before and after the treatment between the two groups. Symptoms such as sweating and qi deficiency manifested as disclination to talk, listlessness, debility, etc. were significantly reduced in the treatment group (The numbers of cases before and after the treatment were 20, 9; 17,9; 20,13 respectively). In the control group, the cases either were stable or showed an increase in symptoms (There were 13, 13; 14, 17; 18, 20 respectively before and after treatment).CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, in the treatment of malignant tumors, Yiqi Xiaozheng granules supplemented with chemotherapy not only enhanced curative effect, but also improved the quality of life and prolonged the period of survival with tumors.

Objective To investigate the expression of FOXO3a and MMP 9 in colorectal cancer tissues and their relationship . Methods Tissue microarray and immunohistochemical SP methods were used to detect the expression of FOXO 3a and MMP 9 in 78 cases of colorectal cancer tissues and 69 cases of corresponding normal intestinal mucosa tissues ,then analyze the relation be-tween their expression and the clinicopathologic parameters of the patients ,and the relation between the expression of FOXO3a and MMP 9 .Results (1)The positive expression rate of FOXO3a in 78 cases of colorectal cancer tissues and 69 cases of normal intesti-nal mucosa tissues are 57 .69% (45/78)and 95 .65% (66/69) ,the positive expression rate of MMP 9 in 78 cases of colorectal cancer tissues and 69 cases of normal intestinal mucosa tissues are 85 .90% (67/78) and 15 .94% (11/69) ,and the difference is significant (P=0 .000) .(2)The decreased expression of FOXO3a and the increased expression of MMP 9 in colorectal cancer are significantly correlated with the depth of tumor invasion ,tumor histological differentiation ,metastasis of lymph node and TNM stage (P<0 .05) ,but there is no significant relationship with patients′age ,gender and tumor size (P>0 .05) .(3)There was a negative corre-lation between the expression of FOXO3a and MMP 9 (r=0 .272 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion The decreased expression of FOXO3a and the increased expression of MMP 9 may be closely related with carcinogenesis ,invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer ,and their combination may be an important indicator to evaluate the malignant degree and prognosis of the colorectal cancer .