Evaluation of medical ethics aims to combine the estimation forms and the administration.Foundation and management of medical ethics evaluation institution will benefit long-term medical ethics mechanism.More attention should be paid to the following aspects as follows.First,much education is in need to elucidate the essence and importance of medical ethics evaluation institution as well as long-term medical ethics mechanism.Second,stringent management is required to have medical ethics mechanism work well.Third,continuous supervision of the faculty will promoting the long-term medical ethics construction.

In the evaluation procedure of medical ethics,it is important to inspect and estimate objectively medical staff's correlated information showed in medical events.Satisfying evaluation of medical ethics can be attributed to the following premises including scientific evaluation regimes,just administration,objective and comprehensive evaluation procedures,just evaluation criteria and archives of medical ethics evaluation.

Document management of medical ethics evaluation includes medical staff's correlated information showed in medical practice.The information conveyed in the documents can be applied in many fields including medical ethics research,medical ethics management,and professional ethics construction,etc.The establishment,application and management of the document are of great importance for medical ethics construction.

Objective To discuss the value of medium resolution typing method for HLA-B antigens of Northern Chinese by DNA chip technique.Methods The chip was made with specific medium distinguish typing probes designed according to gene frequency of HLA-B alleles from Northern Chinese.Unsymmetrical PCR was used to amplify HLA-B exon 2 and 3, then labeled PCR products and hybridize with probes on the chip.Certified the typing of HLA-B by analysed and scanned the signals of hybridize through a set of computer software.Results HLA-B alleles were successfully typed in 30 clinical samples. This medium distinguish probes were able to discern 42 HLA-B alleles from the scope of HLA-B 7~83. Using it we can distinguish B14,73 and 82 three new alleles contrast to PCR-SSP methods.Conclusions DNA typing of HLA-B by chip was proven to be a high-resolution and high-specificity method. It is able to check out the multitudinous samples in one DNA chip and it is more suitable for clinical application.

To evaluate the effect of problem based learning(PBL)in clinical education of pacemaker implanting,30 postgraduates of clinical medicine were arranged into the PBL education group and 60 into the traditional education group.The results showed that the scores of theory and clinical skill of the PBL group were significantly better than those of the traditional education group. It also showed that PBL teaching method is more helpful and more effective than traditional education in clinical education of pacemaker installing.

The construction of medical morality is linked closely with medical management.The foundation of micro-regulating model of medical morality can strengthen the management of medical morality,and make up for the deficiencies of the construction of medical morality;meanwhile,it can also enlarge the connatation of medical morality construction.

Honest-trust plays an important role in the Chinese outstanding morals and culture, however the credit crisis is an outstanding problem in the professional ethics construction. Honest-trust is the soul of professional ethics construction, which is accountable, self-disciplining, honorable and extensive, therefore it should become the important category of the modern medical theory. And it is an effective way to disclose information and set up the honest-trust file for promoting the professional ethics construction.

Objective:To establish a DNA typing method for HLA-I antigens with medium resolution method by DNA chip technique.Methods:The chip was made with specific medium distinguish-typing probes designed according to gene frequency of HLA-I alleles from Northern Chinese. Unsymmetrical PCR was used to amplify HLA-I exon2,3,and then the PCR products labeled and hybridized with probes on the chip.Typing of HLA-I was certified by scanning the hybridizing signals of through a set of computer software.Results:HLA-I alleles were successfully typed in 30 clinical samples .This medium-distinguishing probes were able to discern 57 HLA-I alleles accurately.Conclusion:DNA typing of HLA-I by chip has been proven to be a high-resolution and high-specific method. It is able to check out the new alleles that can not be distinguished by other methods with the same resolution., and it is more intuitional and more suitable for clinical application .

On time of judging medical futility in departments of oncology, conflicts of interests exist,so more attention should be paid to the principles of rule,investigation,preaching and being public.Concrete methods are as follows:education for medical staff should be continued to make further progress;the advanced opinions of medical behaviours should be presented to guide clinical practice;the departments of oncology should cooperate positively with the ethics committees of hospitals.

Objective:To construct an E.coli expressing system of human interferon-?(IFN-?).Methods:Extracted DNA from human blood and PCR human IFN-?, cloned the human IFN-? gene into plasmid T-easy and pBV-220. Expressed human IFN-? in E.coli DH5?, the expressing product was analysed by SDS-PAGE, Western blot and anti-virus capacity test.Results:DNA sequence analysis showed the recombinant plasmid pBV- IFN-? contained human IFN-?. SDS-PAGE and Western blot proved that there were hIFN-? in E.coli DH5? after temperature inducing and the expressing product has anti-virus activity.Conclusion:A human IFN-? E.coli expressing system was constructed successfully, and the recombination human IFN-? has anti-virus activity.