Qi in TCM is the most essential substance that makes up the body and maintains life activities. All vital substances in the body are transformed by constant motion and changes of qi. Qi in TCM mainly means full of functions. What is the basic material attribute of qi? We don't have a systematic study on it. Therefore, we combined the achievement of modern medicine, and explored further from the origin, functions, pathogeneses, and therapies of mitochondria and qi. Surprisingly, we found out that the origin of mitochondria was similar to that of qi. They are tiny substance constituting the human body. Secondly, the function of mitochondria is similar to that of qi. When the disorder of qi and mitochondria occurs, similar vital signs occur or the same reactions occur. These results suggested that the basic material attribute of qi might be mitochondria.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Mitochondria ; physiology ; Qi

Objective To investigate the effect of three kinds of low molecular weight heparin combined with methylprednisolone on the high coagulation state and renal function in patients with refractory nephrotic syndrome.Methods 140 cases of refractory nephrotic syndrome were divided into four groups, 35 cases in each group.The control group were treated with methylprednisolone.Small, medium, and large dose group in the control group on the basis of the treatment, were given low molecular weight heparin on once every other day, once daily, twice daily treatment, 3075 AxaIU per times.The improvement of renal function and high coagulation state were compared between the four groups before and after treatment.In the course of treatment, the occurrence of adverse reactions was recorded.Results Remission rate in large, medium and small dose group remission rate was higher than the control group(χ2 =4.375,P<0.05); there was no significant difference in remission rate of three different dose groups.The 24h urine protein and ALB of the four groups after treatment were significantly increased, BUN and SCr were significantly lower(P<0.05).The 24h urine protein, ALB, BUN, SCr of improvement of large, medium and small dose group were significantly better than the control group( P<0.05).The 24 h urine protein, ALB, BUN, SCr in large dose group improved significantly better than those in small dose group(P<0.05).The APTT, PT in large, medium and small dose groups after treatment increased significantly, FIB decreased significantly(P<0.05).The improvement of FIB, APTT, PT in large, medium and small dose group were significantly better than the control group after treatment ( P <0.05 ).The FIB, APTT, PT in large dose group improved significantly better than those in medium and small dose group ( P <0.05 ) .Conclusion The low molecular weight heparin combined with methylprednisolone can significantly improve hypercoagulable state and renal function in the patients with refractory nephrotic syndrome, and the large dose of low molecular weight heparin effect is the best, and no significant adverse reactions occurred.

Objective To observe the effect of physical factors and promotion canalization on closed injury of brain.Method 68 cases of closed injury of brain were given the comprehensive rehabilitation therapy with many physical factors and promoting canalization technique.Result The patients' consciousnesses were significantly improved after treatment.The motorial function of hemiplegic limbs was distinctly improved(P< 0.05).The balance functions were distinctly improved(P< 0.001).The activities of daily living abilities were significantly improved(P< 0.05).Conclusion The physical factors and promoting canalization treatment on the closed injury of brain are functionally effective.

The achievements in recent research on osteogenetic induction of extracorporeal shock wave (SW) are introduced. The mechanism of osteogenesis inducted by SW and its effect of bone repairing are explained emphatically. Besides, the development prospects of SW in healing human disease are described and is indicated that SW will maybe a clinical method for osteoporosis and other disease in orthopedics according to its osteogenetic mechanism.

Objective:To investigate the antitumor effect of CpG-ODN combining non-replicating recombinant vaccinia virus in tumor immunotherapy.Methods: CpG-ODN and constructed vaccinia virus v△11?75 were combined to study the antitumor effects in the walker′s rat tumor model.Results: Recombinant vaccinia virus v△11?75 lost the replicating capacity on human cell line,143TK - cell.The genes between HindⅢ C & K fragment of vaccinia virus TianTan strain were deleted,verified with Southern-blot. In the Walker′s tumor model of Wistar rats,Combinational immunotherapy with CpG-ODN and non-replicating vaccinia virus-modified WRC256 oncolysates resulted in prolonged life span and reduced tumor hyperplasia. Conclusion: CpG-ODN can enhance the antitumor effects of non-replicating vaccinia virus-modified oncolysates,providing a new route of tumor therapy.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Danlou Tablet (DT) on arrhythmia model rats induced by transient myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).

METHODSTotally 45 healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, the sham-operation group, the model group, and the DT group, 15 in each group. Rats in the sham-operation group and the model group were administered with distilled water by gastrogavage at the daily dose of 0.1 mL/kg. Rats in the DT group was administered with 0.53 g/mL DT suspension by gastrogavage at the daily dose of 0.1 mL/kg. All medication was lasted for 10 successive days. The myocardial I/R experiment was performed at 1 h after the last gastrogavage. ECG was performed before ligation and at I/R. The jugular arterial blood pressure of all rats was measured during the whole course. ST segment changes were observed at each time point of I/R. The ventricular fibrillation, the premature ventricular, the number and the duration of ventricular tachycardia within 30 min reperfusion were also observed. Activities of Na(+)-K+ ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase in the myocardium homogenate were detected as well.

RESULTSThe jugular arterial blood pressure and the heart rate were slightly lower in the DT group than in the model group, but with no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Compared with the sham-operation group, the degree of ST segment was obviously elevated in the model group at 0, 5, and 7 min (P < 0.05). It was significantly lower in the DT group than in the model group (P < 0.01). ST seg ment was more elevated at 5 min than at 0 min in the model group, but the degree of ST segment elevation was still obviously lower in the DT group than in the model group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the degree of ST segment elevation at 7 min between the two groups (P > 0.05). At 0 min when the decrement of ST segment exceeded one half the ischemia, there was no statistical difference in the degree of myocardial ischemia between the model group and the DT group (P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, the incidence of fatal and nonfatal ventricular fibrillation, the frequency and duration of ventricular tachycardia and premature ventricular beats were obviously lessened, and activities of Na(+)-K+ ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase increased (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSDT could significantly protect arrhythmias induced by transient I/R. Its effect might be related to lowering the degree of myocardial ischemia, and increasing ion transport channel related enzyme activities.

Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; complications ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo deposit silver nanoparticles on a titanium surface to obtain antibacterial properties. To reduce the incidence of peri-implantitis, and improve the success rate of implantation.

METHODSA silver nanoparticle-modified titanium (Ti-nAg) surface was prepared using silanization method, and its surface was characterized by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). Two species of bacteria, namely, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, were used to test the antibacterial effect of Ti-nAg surface.

RESULTSScanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that a small quantity of silver nanoparticles were deposited on the titanium surface. XPS analyses revealed that 6.8% of silver was present on the titanium surface. After 24 h of incubation, 94.23% of Staphylococcus aureus and 95.34% of Escherichia coli were killed on the Ti-nAg surface.

CONCLUSIONResults suggest that silver nanoparticle-modified titanium is a promising material with an antibacterial property that may be used as an implantable biomaterial.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Dental Implants ; Escherichia coli ; Prostheses and Implants ; Silver ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Titanium

ObjectiveTo investigate the method of osteo-periosteal turned over orthotopically for treating chondromalacia patellae disease and observe the mid-long term efficacy postoperatively.Methods From April 1996 to June 2000,21 patients with chondromalacia patellae were treated in our hospital.Amone them,13 cases were performed osteo-periosteal turned over orthotopically,including 3 males,10 females; with the mean age of 59 years(range,47-65 years).HSS and Lysholm knee rating scale were employed to analysis the results.ResultsThe patients were followed up from 114 to 162 months(mean,133.2 months).One of the patients lost follow-up due to death.Before operation the HSS knee score was 20-58 (34.2±3.8),and 1 year,3 year,5 year,7 year,and 9 year after operation the HSS knee score were 55-70(60.0±7.0),55-82 (64.1±5.9),60-90 (70.1±3.2),50-85 (63.1±4.1),and 50-75 (57.3±2.9) respectively.And Lysholm knee rating scale also showed similar results.The chondromalacia patellae patients before and after operation were significant different.Bone periosteum transplant tissue and surrounding defective tissue healed perfectly,functions recovered perfectly.ConclusionThe method of osteo-periosteal turned over orthotopically has the capabilities to form cartilage.The therapeutic effect and facies articularis patellar is satisfactory.But it only can restore articular cartilage of patellar and does not help for genual malformation.

Objective To investigate the variation of lymphocyte subgroup,lymphocyte and C-reaction protein in patients with acute and chronic Brucellosis,for auxiliary reference in differential diagnosis of acute and chronic Brucellosis.Methods All the blood samples were come from clinical laboratory of Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Bureau General Hospital,which including 35 acute patients(acute group),62 chronic patients(chronic group) and 30 healthy people(control group).Flow cytometric method was used to determine the T lymphocyte subgroup(CD3+,CD19+,CD3+/CD4+,CD3+/CD8+) and the lymphocyte.Application of rate scattering turbidimetric method was used for determination of C-reactive protein.Results Percentages of CD3+ cells in acute and chronic groups were increased compared with that of control group(％:74.71 ± 6.79,70.61 ± 8.99 vs.65.00 ±7.50; F =12.40,P ＜ 0.05),and the acute group was higher than the chronic group(P＜ 0.05).Percentages of CD19+,CD3+/CD4+ cells in acute and chronic groups were decreased compared with that of control group(CD19+,％:7.79 ± 3.93,9.94 ± 4.53 vs.11.50 ± 3.25; CD3+/CD4+,％:30.56 ± 6.38,35.56 ± 8.22 vs.39.00 ± 4.00; F=18.62,13.03,all P＜ 0.05),and the acute group was lower than the chronic group (P＜ 0.05).Percentage of CD3+/CD8+ cells in the acute group was higher than those of the chronic and control groups(％:4.06 ± 8.35,29.50 ± 7.25 vs.28.72 ± 8.30; F =12.06,P ＜ 0.05).The lymphocyte counts in acute and chronic groups were higher than that of the control group(％:34.29 ± 10.91,39.12 ± 12.08 vs.30.84 ± 6.45; F=13.78,P ＜ 0.05),but the acute group was lower than the chronic group(P ＜ 0.05).C-reactive protein levels in acute and chronic groups were increased compared with that of the control group(mg/L:27.43,15.87 vs.0.60; H =19.42,P ＜ 0.05),and the acute group was higher than the chronic group(P ＜ 0.05).C-reactive protein positive rates in acute and chronic groups were increased compared with that of the control group(65.7％,61.3％ vs.3.3％; x2=27.54,23.16,all P ＜ 0.01).The difference between groups was statistically significant(x2 =9.94,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Lymphocyte subgroup,lymphocyte and C-reactive protein are changed differently in patients with acute and chronic Brucellosis which have a certain reference value in differential diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic Brucellosis.

Objective To explore the guidance value of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and serum procalcitonin(PCT)in the ventricular catheter indwelling time of intracranial pressure monitoring(ICP).Methods Fifty-eight cases patients with moderate and severe craniocerebral trauma who were given ICP ventricular catheter and external ventricular drainage(EVD)were selected,5 ml CSF and 2 ml venous blood were collected at operation,1st,7th,14th d after operation.The change of CSF and serum PCT and WBC levels were compared among different time,the correlation among each indicators and diagnosis value for intracranial infection were analyzed.Results The level of CSF and serum PCT and WBC increased with the lengthen of ventricular catheter indwelling time(CSF PCT:(0.09±0.02)μg/L of operation,(1.17±0.25)μg/L of 14 d after the operation;CSF WBC:(24.33±12.75)×106/L of operation,(431.52±140.26)×106/L of 14 d after the operation;serum PCT:(0.16±0.05)μg/L of operation,(4.57±1.41)μg/L of 14 d after the operation;serum WBC:(4.14±0.46)×106/L of operation,(14.24±3.05)×106/L of 14 d after the operation;P＜0.05).The CSF PCT was positively correlated with CSF WBC and serum PCT(r=0.614,0.711,P＜0.05).The diagnostic sensitivity of CSF and serum PCT for prognosis of intracranial infection were 95.2％,81.0％,the specificity were 94.6％,78.4％,the specificity of CSF PCT was significantly higher than that of serum PCT(P=0.041).Conclusion CSF and serum PCT has high early diagnosis value for intracranial infection in patients with ICP ventricular catheter,which can contribute to guide the reasonable timing of tube drawing,brings out the best of ICP and cerebrospinal fluid drainage,improve the level of treatment in patients with traumatic brain injury.