Since the oral rehydration salts solution(ORS) has been used to treat acute diarrhea of children, there are different kinds of ORS in order to satisfy the need of clinical work. They are the initial WHO-ORS, other substances-supplemented ORS and the reduced osmolarity ORS, each of which has their own efficiency and advantage.

Objective To investigate the association of serum ferritin and hemoglobin with the pathogenesis of primary restless legs syndrome(RLS). Methods Thirty-five patients with primary restless legs syndrome and twenty insomnia controls were included in this study. The level of serum ferritin and hemoglobin were measured, and the data have been analyzed using t-test. Results The level of serum ferritin in the primary RLS patients (89.77μg/L (SD:48.52)) was significantly lower than in the contruls (123.36 μg/L (SD:35.06)) (t=-2.713,P <0.01), whereas the level of hemoglobin have no statistical difference between the RLS group (142.77 g/L (SD: 11.79)) and the control group (139.05 g/L (SD: 12.33)) (t = 1.108, P > 0.05). Conclu-sions The decrease of serum ferritin may be a risk factor of primary restless legs syndrome, but the level of hemo-globin is not associated with primary restless legs syndrome.

Objective To investigate couple's personality similarity effect on the marital quality,and to explore the vairance of such effect under different levels of spouse's depression. Methods The cross?sectional da?ta of 4644 couple from the national survey of mental health database in china( 2009) was used. Couples completed Locke ?Wallance marital adjustment test,The CES?D scale a self?report depression scale and Eysenck personality questionnaire short scale for Chinese version (EPQ?RSC). Results The personality similarities of couples(0.44 ±0.27) and their marital quality (wife (103.71±27.54),husband (106.15±26.94))had significant positive corre?lation ( r=0.25~0.27, P<0.01). Regression analysis showed the effect of personality similarity on the marital quality were varied according to the level of spouse depression( β=0.09?0.22, P<0.05) . Among participants whose husband or wife had higher level of depression,couple's personality similarity had stronger effect on his/her per?ceived marital quality. Conclusion Husband and wife personality similarity is related to marital quality signifi?cantly,and the spouse depression plays a significant moderating role in this relationship.

Objective To explore the change of serum level of neuron specific enolase (NSE) in neonates with asphyxia before and after head mild hypothermia.Methods Eighty-two asphyxial neonates were selected,including 39 mild asphyxial neonates and 43 severe asphy-xial neonates,and 29 healthy neonates were selected as control group.Forty-three severe asphyxial neonates were randomly assigned into mild hypothermia treatment group and traditional treatment group.Neonates in traditional treatment group were just given traditional treatment.While neonates in mild hypothermia treatment group received head mild hypothermia therapy and their nasopharyngeal temperature were maintained at(34.0 ? 0.5) ℃ for 72 h.Before treatment and 72 h after treatment,2 mL blood was collected,and the serum NSE was determined by radio immunoassay.Results NSE levels in mild asphyxial neonates group[(34.83?6.17) ?g/L] and severe asphyxial group[(59.58?8.87) ?g/L] were significantly higher than that of control group[(30.57?4.88) ?g/L](t=3.07 P0.05).The level of NSE at 72 h in severe asphyxial neonates with head mild hypothermia therapy[(40.97?6.55) ?g/L] was significantly lower than that of traditional treatment group [(48.15?5.57) ?g/L](t=3.86 P

Objective To investigate the effect of plasmid pEGFP- hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-C1 on rat acute ischemia of hindlimb.Methods The eukaryotic expressed plasmid pEGFPHGF-C1 carrying human HGF cDNA was constructed.The transfection efficiency and the expression level of HGF were evaluated by transfecting pEGFP-HGF-C1 into primary rat skeletal muscle cells.Ligation-induced ischemia of femoral artery of one hindlimb in Wistar rats was performed.The plasmids (200 μg/500 μl) were injected once directly into the ischemic limb muscle (5 sites around ligation position) immediately after ligation.HGF expression was detected in the muscle tissue of rats on days 3,6 and 9 by immunochemical stain and Western blot.At day 24,the muscles were removed and stained with CD31 to assess histologically the capillary formation.Results The primary rat skeletal muscle cells could be transfected 0efficiently with pEGFP-HGF-C1 using LipofectamineTM2000 (0.8％),and secreted HGF which peak concentration was (5402.0±227.9) ng/L at 4 d.HGF expression was detected clearly in muscle tissue on days 3,6,9 in pEGFP-HGF-C1 groups.Western blot semi-quantitied analysis showed the levels of HGF expression were higher than control groups on days 3,6,9(P＜0.05).A significant increase in capillary density was found in rats transfected with human HGF(10.81±2.35) as compared with sham group (6.11±0.90) and control group (5.45±0.90) at 24 d(P＜0.01).Conclusions Intramuscular injection of naked human HGF plasmid may induce therapeutic angiogenesis in rat ischemic hindlimb models,as potential therapy for peripheral arterial disease.

Objectives To understand the effect of intraperitoneal injection of naringenin,a SMAD3 inhibitor,on the skeletal muscle after acute contusion in a mouse model.Methods Seventy-two mice of 7-8 weeks old (20-24 g)were randomly divided into a control group,an acute contusion (B)group,an acute contusion+1％DMSO injection (C)group and an acute contusion+naringenin injection (D)group,each of 18.The acute contusion model was created by hitting the right tibialis anterior muscle in mice of all groups except the control group.Intraperitoneal injection of I％DMSO and naringenin were given to group C and D respectively every day until execution,while the 18 mice in the control group were fed without injury or injection.The time of injury was set as Day 0.After being fed for 28 days,all mice were executed and the right tibialis anterior was harvested.Western blotting was used to detect the difference of SMAD3,pSMAD3,Collagen Ⅰ,and α-SMA expression among the 3 groups.Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE)staining and Masson staining were used to detect the difference of pathological changes.Moreover,the appearance of fast twitch contraction and tetanic contraction were also documented to figure out the quality of the injured skeletal muscle.Results Compared with the control group,the SMAD3 and pSMAD3 level in injured skeletal muscle increased,but both were less in group D than group B and C.Similarly,the average level of Collagen Ⅰ and α-SMA in all three injury groups was higher than the control group,but the level of these indexes were lower in group D than that in group B and C.HE staining showed more mesenchyme in injury groups than the control group.Masson staining found the upregulation of fibrosis in injured muscles,with the area of fibrosis in group D significantly lower than group B and C.Compared with control,the injured skeletal muscle had significantly poorer fast twitch and tetanic contraction performance,with the condition of group D significantly better than group B and C.Conculsion The naringenin,a SMAD3 inhibitor,mitigates the phosphorylation of SMAD3 after acute contusion in a mouse model.The fibrosis and scar formation was alleviated,hence improving the healing of the injured skeletal muscles.

Objective To study the molecular pathway of osteoblastic differentiation induced by substance P (SP), a neurotransmitter. Methods Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured, and treated with SP or its receptor (NK1) antagonist to induce osteoblastic cell differentiation, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase activity was determined; Osterix gene expression was detected by RT-PCR after 1-2 weeks for three times. The data of each culture condition were analyzed using SPSS12.0 statistical software to determine whether the differences between conditions were significant. Results After 4-5 days' culture, bone marrow stromal cells became spindle-shaped, triangular or polygonic. They covered the plate surface, formed extensive cell sheets in each group after 11-12 days of culture, and then induced differentiation to osteoblast. SP up-regulated the important transcription factor Osterix gene expression significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion The up-regulation of Osterix gene expression by SP may stimulate osteoblastic cell differentiation. SP's regulation depends on its receptor NK1.

Adult ; Heavy Metal Poisoning ; Hemoperfusion ; Humans ; Male ; Poisoning ; therapy ; Thallium ; poisoning

Objective To study the effects of phycocyanin on the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9(MMP-2 and MMP-9) after focal cerebral ischemic reperfusion in rats.Methods A rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R) model was built up using the intraluminal filament method and treated by phycocyanin.The brain water content(BWC) was calculated with dry-wet method and the Evans blue(EB) of the brain was measured with the method of colorimetry.The expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by immunohistochemical assay.Results The BWC and EB of the brain increased after cerebral ischemic reperfusion and peaked at reperfusion 2d,and decreased after applying phycocyanin.In control group,the upregulation of MMP-2 began at ischemic reperfusion 24h,reached a maximum at 3～7d,then subsided gradually,but was still in high level at 14d.In phycocyanin group,the expressing time-phase pattern of MMP-2 was similar to and significantly lower than that in control group at same time.In control group,the upregulation of MMP-9 began at ischemic reperfusion 6h,increased at 12h and reached a maximum at 2d,then subsided gradually at 3d to sham group level at 14d.In the phycocyanin group,the expression of MMP-9 was significantly lower than that in control group,and the time-phase pattern of MMP-9 was similar to that in control group.Conclusions Phycocyanin might play an neuroprotective effect by down regulating the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 to reduce brain edema after cerebral ischemic reperfusion.

Objective To observe the effects of porous polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer(PLGA) filling into extraction socket on the regeneration of alveolar bone in rats.Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into experimental group and control group(n=30).PLGA scaffold was immediately implanted in the mandibular incisor root sockets after removal of incisor teeth.Soft X-ray photography,structural observation,light microscopy were used to evaluate the effects of composite on bone healing in a rat tooth extraction socket.Results The relative lengths of residual alveolar ridge in the experimental group 4,8 weeks after operation were shorter than that in the control group,and there were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group(P