There is time-honored history and culture of medicinal plant cultivation in China. In the present review, the medicinal plant cultivation history in china was summarized, its current situation and question were analyzed, and the prospects of medicinal plant cultivation research were pointed out, with the purpose of accelerating the growth of medicinal plant cultivation research.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; history ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; economics ; history ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; trends ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development

Objective To investigate the natural head position and cervical posture in the patients with different vertical facial patterns with skeletal class Ⅰ relationship,and to clarify the relationships between vertical facial patterns and natural head position, cervical posture in the patients with skeletal class Ⅰ relationship. Methods 94 patients aged 8- 15 years old with skeletal class Ⅰ relationship were selected as the subjects.The subjects were classified into high angle group,average angle group,and low angle group according to their mandibular plane angles.The cephalometric radiographs in natural head position were taken,and the variables representing craniofacial morphology,head position,and craniocervical posture were measured.The intergroup differences in variables were compared.Results The inclinations of mandible to the true vertical and cervical column (ML/VER,ML/OPT,ML/CVT)were smallest in high angle group,and they were largest in low angle group (P <0.01);other variables representing head posture and craniocervical posture (NSL/VER,FH/VER,NSL/OPT,NL/OPT,NSL/CVT,FH/CVT)were largest in high angle group,and they were smallest in low angle group (P <0.05).The inclinations of ramus to cervical column (RL/OPT,RL/CVT)were largest in high angle group and they were smallest in low angle group (P <0.01).There were no significant differences in the inclinations of cervical column and cervical lordosis (OPT/HOR,CVT/HOR,OPT/CVT)among three groups (P >0.05). Conclusion The significant differences exist in natural head position and cervical posture among the patients with skeletal class Ⅰ relationship with different vertical facial patterns (high angle,average angle,low angle);the subjects with high angle show extended head position and cervical posture,while the subjects with low angle exhibit the opposite tendency.

Students generally felt difficult in studying during clinical practice and the orthopedics teaching quality was unsatisfactory due to the discrepancies existed among teaching of anatomy,imagie and orthopedics clinical practice concerning the time,content,requirement and method.Students' understandings of anatomy and image knowledge were improved through launching theoretical study by means of lectures and case discussion.Students' understandings of orthopedics diseases were promoted through preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative conformation using anatomy and image knowledge for the patients they were responsible for.In all,orthopedics clinical teaching quality was promoted through applying these measures.

A sequential extraction procedure has been proposed for the evaluation of the speciation of heavy metals including Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn in sediments from mariculture area,and the speciation of heavy metals was separated and defined as acid soluble fraction,reducible fraction,fraction bound organic matter,fraction bound sulfides and residual fraction. Matrix effects of high salinity on the determination of heavy metals in sediments were eliminated by matrix matching and internal standard methods when inductively couple plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) were used,respectively. The results showed that the measured values of marine sediment reference materials were consistent with the standard values when the digestion solutions were determined after dilution. The extraction results of the prepositional extraction procedure and European Community Bureau of Reference Program (BCR) procedure were compared and the selectivity of extractants was investigated. The preliminary studies indicated that this sequential extraction procedure was applicable for evaluating the speciation of heavy metals in sediment with organic substances pollution and eutrophication,especially for fraction bound organic matter and fraction bound sulfides.

Objective To explore imaging manifestations of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEH). Methods CT and MR images in 14 patients with HEH proven by histopathology were retrospectively analyzed. Plain and two-phase contrast-enhanced CT scan were performed in 5 cases, non-contrast and multiphase contrast-enhanced MR scan were performed in 7 cases, CT and MRI were both performed in 2 cases. Characteristics of CT and MR T2WI images were classified and analyzed. All lesions were classified into three types:multiple, diffuse and solitary form. Results (1) Multiple form of HEH:228 lesions were found in 11 patients, including 178 lesions on MRI and 50 lesions on CT. On T2WI, three or two layered-target-signs with hyperintensity core were found in 79.2% (141/178) of the lesions. Three layer-target-sign included hyperintensity core, hypointensity rim and slightly high signal halo from the inside out. Two layer-target-sign included hyperintensity core and slightly high signal halo from the inside out. Characteristics of dynamic contrast-enhanced scan included peripheral two or three layered-rim-like enhancement in 66.3%( 118/178) of the lesions;peripheral, gradual rim-like enhancement with enhanced core in 27.0%( 48/178) of the lesions;heterogeneously mild enhancement in 2.2%( 4/178) of the lesions;centripetal enhancement in 4.5%( 8/178) of the lesions. Fifty lesions were found in CT, which showed low density nodules or masses with clear margins. Two-layered-black-target sign were found in 42 lesions in contrast-enhanced images, white-target sign were found in 3 cases, and centripetal enhancement was found in 5 cases. (2) Diffuse form of HEH:in one of the two cases of this type, the lesions could not be separated from normal liver parenchyma, gradual enhancements were found along with the vessels in the center of the lesions. (3) Solitary form of HEH: one case, the lesion showed heterogeneous density in non-contrast CT images and gradual enhancement in contrast-enhanced images. Conclusions We found some imaging characteristics of HEH. Two or three layered-target-sign on T2WI and black-target sign, white-target sign on contrast-enhanced images were unique imaging features of HEH.

Objective To investigate the treatment of elderly dialysis patients with refractory hypertension.Methods Sixty-six patients were randomly divided into two groups of A group and B group,with 33 cases in each group.Patients in A group were treated by routine hemodialysis 3 times per week and hemoperfusion 1 time every 2 weeks.Patients in B group were treated by routine hemodialysis 2 times per week and hemodiafiltration 1 time per week plus hemoperfusion 1 time every 2 weeks.The levels of blood pressure,plasma endothelin (ET),angiotensin-Ⅱ (AT Ⅱ),renin (RA),parathyroid hormone (PTH) in two groups before and after treatment were compared.Results Before and after treatment,the levels of blood pressure,ET,AT Ⅱ,RA and PTH in A group were (183.42 ± 16.20)/(109.15 ± 7.69) and (151.45 ± 3.31)/(88.71 ±4.95) mmHg(1 mmHg =0.133 kPa),(173.45 ±41.25) and (160.38 ±25.31) ng/L,(69.21 ± 18.47)and(57.25 ± 23.34) ng/L,(1.21 ± 0.15) and (0.87 ± 0.14) μ g/L,(530.27 ± 43.28) and (272.43 ± 34.19) ng/Lrespectively.Before and after treatment,the levels of blood pressure,ET,AT Ⅱ,RA and PTH in B group were (185.34 ± 12.26)/ (112.38 ± 6.24) and (141.59 ± 4.15)/ (80.39 ± 2.73) mmHg,(178.21 ± 34.35) and (149.12 ±21.34) ng/L,(68.38 ±23.57) and (47.17 ± 15.61) ng/L,(1.19 ±0.29) and (0.69 ±0.41) μg/L,(528.62 ± 42.53) and (253.15 ± 31.62) ng/L respectively.The levels of blood pressure,ET,AT Ⅱ,RA and PTH in two groups after treatment were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (P ＜0.05),and there were significant differences between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Combined with hemoperfusion in the treatment of elderly hemodialysis patients with refractory hypertension,the effect of combined hemodiafiltration is significant,and it is worthy of promotion.

Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasound in diagnosing ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Methods The sonographic characteristics of 12 DCIS which were confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively. Results The ultrasound image of DCIS could be divided into four types;the solid mass nodule, mammary dysplasia, mix mass nodule, the dilated duct type. Micro calcification had high incidence rate. Ultrasonic diagnosis accordance rate was 50.0 %. On molybdenum target mammograms, the tumor appeared as a cluster of calcified spots in 8 cases, and the accuracy rate of diagnosis of was 66.7 %.Conclusion There are no typical characters of DCIS in ultrasound image. However, some characteristics are suggestive and can help to differentiate them from the benign tumors, such as small nodule, irregular shape,obscure boundary, and microcalcification. When sonography combine with molybdenum target mammography,the accuracy rate of diagnosis will be improved.

Tumor is a system-biology illness.Treatment of this intractable disease by any single medicine has not been realistic.In this review, we analyze the anti-tumor network of Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis-indu-cing Ligand ( TRAIL ) by a system-biology technology and try to providecin individualized treatment strategy for TRAIL based therapy .

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the inherent quality differences of different batches of Compound norethisterone tablet from different domestic enterprises by researching its in vitro dissolution,to provide reference for improving relevant standards in pharmacopoeia and optimizing production processes in drug manufacturers. METHODS:Orthogonal test was adopted to screen its dissolving conditions,small glass method was finally confirmed by detecting rotating speed,sampling time and dissolution medi-um,sampling determination was conducted with the dissolution medium of 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfonate and rotating speed of 50 r/min and 45 min. And HPLC was adopted to simultaneously determine the in vitro dissolution of norethindrone and ethinyl estra-diol,then AV value method was adopted to detect the similarity of dissolution profiles of 8 batches of products from 2 domestic en-terprises. RESULTS:The dissolution profiles and similarity of AV value method showed the cumulative dissolution of 8 batches of Compound norethisterone tablet from 2 domestic enterprises had no significant difference at different time points,overall similarity was relatively high;but the ethinyl estradiol had certain difference,overall similarity was relatively low. CONCLUSIONS:The dif-ference of dissolution profiles of Compound norethisterone tablet may has effect on the drug efficacy,the production process and quality in domestic enterprises should be managed strictly. Meanwhile,the current method of dissolution is weak to distinguish from the quality,which needs to be improved urgently.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male