This paper reviewed the developments of the conception, epidemiology of intelligence disability, and discussed the classification and rehabilitation.

Endoscopy ; Humans ; Skull Base ; anatomy & histology ; surgery

Burn patients often suffer from different degrees of dysfunction, such as residual burn wounds, formation of hyperplastic scar, scar itching, cardiopulmonary dysfunction, limitation of motion, and psychological disorders, which exert severe impact on their daily life. This article reviews various rehabilitation treatments for dysfunction after burn injury to promote rehabilitation of burn patients.
Burns ; physiopathology ; rehabilitation ; China ; Humans ; Rehabilitation ; methods

OBJECTIVETo analyze effects of fracture of processus styloideus ulnae on prognosis in the treatment of distal radial fracture of type C according to AO classification.

METHODSThis was a retrospective case-control study, and the information was got ten through case evaluation and follow-up, including sex, age, patient satisfaction, Gartland & Werley score and radiographic score. There were 76 patient treated with open reduction and plate fixation in People's Hospital Affiliated to Peking University from July 2006 to July 2011. All the patients were divided into two groups: no combination with fracture of processus styloideus ulnae (group A, 56 cases), combination with fracture of processus styloideus ulnae (group B, 20 cases). The patients in group A and B were treated with open reduction and internal fixation; however the fracture of processus styloideus ulnae was not fixed. The indexes such as clinical data, bone grafting, joint movement, Gartland & Werley score and radiographic score were compared between two groups.

RESULTSThe ulnaris pain of patients in group B was more obvious than that in group A. The local VAS, palmar and dorsal flexion degree of wrist joint, motion VAS, patients satisfaction score, radial and ulnar deviation degree, pronation and supination of forearm degree, Gartland & Werley score and radiographic score were separately 0.1 ± 0.1, (51.1 ± 1.9)°, (60.2 ± 1.9)°, 0.6 ± 0.1 (23.1 ± 0.9)°, (28.7 ± 1.3)° (81.5 ± 2.6)°, (68.2 ± 2.7)° 1.9 ± 0.3, 89.6 ± 12.3 in group A; and separately 0.3 ± 0.3, (51.4 ± 2.3)°, (66.6 ± 1.7)°, 0.5 ± 0.2, (24.5 ± 2.0)°, (26.9 ± 1.8)°, (80.3 ± 2.5)°, (70.3 ± 3.7)°, 1.2 ± 0.4, 92.5 ± 7.5 in group B; there were no statistical differences in above indexes between two groups.

CONCLUSIONWhether the distal radial fracture with a concomitant unrepaired ulnar styloid fracture or not exerts no influence on mainly outcomes including function, radiography and motion of the wrist.

Bone Plates ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Radius Fractures ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Ulna Fractures ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the associations between polymorphisms of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G) and different outcomes of HBV infection in the Chinese Han population.

METHODSSix hundred thirty-five chronic hepatitis B patients were divided into 3 groups: 202, 217 and 216 patients were HBV cleared, chronic hepatitis B, and with liver cirrhosis, respectively. Five tagSNPs (rs8177832, rs17000736, rs17496046, rs9622924 and rs2899313) were genotyped by pyrosequencing. HBV viral loads were determined by real-time PCR method. Chi square was used for statistics.

RESULTSThe majority of rs8177832 allele was A/A and the frequencies of rs8177832 allele among these groups were not significantly different (P more than 0.05). HBV viral loads were higher in chronic hepatitis B patients with G allele than in chronic hepatitis B patients with A allele (P less than 0.05). The rs17000736 and rs9622924 alleles were found only in G/G and C/C genotypes. There were also no significant differences in the other four SNPs alleles (rs17000736, rs17496046, rs9622924 and rs2899313) in these groups (P more than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSrs8177832, rs17000736, rs17496046, rs17000736 and rs2899313 of the APOBEC3G gene might not be associated with HBV persistent infection in patients in this study. However, the rs8177832 polymorphism may be involved in inhibiting HBV replication.

APOBEC-3G Deaminase ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Cytidine Deaminase ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; diagnosis ; ethnology ; genetics ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; diagnosis ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Prognosis ; Viral Load

OBJECTIVETo study the result of removing impurity from water-extraction of Gutianquan-capsule with macro-reticular absorbing resin, chitosans clarification, water-extraction and alcohol-precipitation methods.

METHODCoefficient of Unguent of macro-reticular absorbing resin, chitosans clarification method, water-extraction and alcohol-precipitation methods were compared, and qualitative assay of Ginsenoside Rg1, Re, and snide measurement of Ginsenoside Rg1, Ferulic acid, and stability experiment were made.

RESULTCoefficient of Unguent of water-extraction and alcohol-precipitation method was 17.2%, Coefficient of Unguent of chitosans clarification method was 12.8%, and macro-reticular absorbing resin method was 3.1%. They could clarify liquor of water-extraction.

CONCLUSIONChitosans clarification method is suitable for process of Gutianquan-capsule.

Animals ; Capsules ; Chitin ; analogs & derivatives ; Chitosan ; Coumaric Acids ; analysis ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Contamination ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ginsenosides ; analysis ; Mantodea ; chemistry ; Materia Medica ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

Objective To explore the effect of topical application of sodium hyaluronate on preventing perivascular adhesion of the vein grafts in rabbits. Methods Thirty-six male New Zealand white rabbits, aged 5 months, were randomly and equally divided into 2 groups: groups A and B. Arterial defect model was established by cutting about 1cm artery from the middle part of the dissected left common carotid artery. A section about 3cm was cut from the right external jugular vein, and the harvested vein was inverted and anastomosed end-to-end to the artery defect. After the anastomosis, the adventitia and two anastomoses of the grafted veins in group A were coated locally with 0.2ml sodium hyaluronate. The grafted veins were obtained 1, 2 and 4 weeks after the operation, with the perivascular adhesion of the vein grafts being examined macroscopically before the resection. HE staining and Masson staining were preformed for histological changes of grafted vein wall and the perivascular adhesion of the vein grafts. At 2, 4 weeks postoperation, the perivascular adhesions of the vein grafts were graded by the grading criteria of adhesion in macroscopic evaluation and histological evaluation. Result At 1, 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively, the macroscopic and histological observation found that the perivascular adhesions in group A were looser than those in group B. The macroscopic grade and histological grade were lower in group A than in group B, there was a significant difference between the two groups at 2 and 4 weeks postoperation (P<0.05). Conclusion Topical application of sodium hyaluronate can reduce the perivascular adhesion and is an ideal treatment strategy for preventing perivascular adhesion of vein grafts.

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of advanced glycosylation end products (AGE) on the proliferation of K562 and K562/A02 cells, the effect of tetrandrine (Tet) on proliferation of K562 and K562/A02 cells induced by AGE, and their mechanisms. The effects of AGE on proliferation of K562 and K562/A02 cells and Tet on the proliferation of AGE-induced K562 and K562/A02 cells were assayed by CCK8 kit, the apoptosis rate and the expression of receptor of advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) in K562 and K562/A02 cells were determined by flow cytometry, the expression of RAGE mRNA was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that AGE could promote the proliferation of K562 and K562/A02 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, the cell proliferation was enhanced with time increasing in 0 - 48 h, and was higher than control group after 72 h. AGE up-regulated the RAGE mRNA and protein expressions of K562 and K562/A02 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of Tet combined with AGE for 48 h could inhibit the proliferation of K562 and K562/A02 cells promoted by AGE in a concentration-dependent manner, which probably by inducing cell apoptosis, however, there was no obvious effect in the up-regulating expression of RAGE mRNA and protein induced by AGE. It is concluded that AGE can promote the proliferation of K562 and K562/A02 cells, which is probably induced by up-regulating the expression of RAGE mRNA and protein. Tet can inhibit the proliferation of K562 and K562/A02 cells induced by AGE, and the mechanism may be not closely associated with changes of the up-regulating expression of RAGE mRNA and protein induced by AGE.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Benzylisoquinolines ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; pharmacology ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical difference of locking and non-locking plates in the treatment of distal radial fractures in the elderly.

METHODSForty-nine patients with an average age of 68 years were included. The mean follow-up was 30 months. Five cases were traffic related injury, and others were simple falls. Fractures were classified according to AO classification system: 9 cases of A3, 4 cases of B, 11 cases of C1, 18 cases of C2, 7 cases of C3. Patients were grouped as locking group (29 cases) and non-locking group (20 cases).

RESULTSSignificant difference was not found between the two groups in active range of motion, Gartland and Werley score, radiological measurements and score.

CONCLUSIONLocking and non-locking plates have the same clinical outcome in the treatment of distal radial fractures in the elderly.

Aged ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radius Fractures ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics of work needed to release adhesion in the early stage of flexor tendon healing.

METHODSEighty-four profoundus flexor tendons of the 3rd toe of Sanhuang chicken were severed and repaired by either Modified Kessler technique or Tsuge technique randomly. At 0, 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 d after the operation, 6 tendons from each repair technique group were harvested and tested by biomechanical test machine. An elongation force-elongation distance curve was obtained and work of adhesion release was calculated in this curve. Whether adhesion band had been released or not was confirmed by gross inspection immediately after the test.

RESULTSWork of adhesion release: this work significantly increased at the 7th day in Modified Kessler group and at the 10th day in Tsuge group. Modified Kessler group was significantly higher than Tsuge group at the 7th day. At the 21st day after operation, adhesion could not be effectively released by full range excursion of flexor tendon profoundus.

CONCLUSIONWork of adhesion release begins to increase significantly since the 7th approximately 10th day postoperatively. At the 21st day after the operation, adhesion could not be fully released by full range of flexor tendon profoundus flexion.

Animals ; Chickens ; Male ; Stress, Mechanical ; Suture Techniques ; Tendon Injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Tendons ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Tensile Strength ; Time Factors ; Tissue Adhesions ; physiopathology ; Wound Healing