Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Brain ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; genetics ; pathology ; In Situ Hybridization ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 13 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Multicomponent drug metabolism can be defined as a research area that, rather than pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, is a concerted dynamic metabolic variation of one component in several other compounds circumstance with the interaction of transport protein and drug metabolizing enzymes, and the study of the dynamic course of multiple components must be simultaneously determined. By the use of multicomponent drug metabolism in the clinical pharmacy research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it can become a useful tool with the integration of the overall dialectical method and the concrete molecular approach.
Biomedical Research ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Yinxing Damo (YXDM) combined with Betahistine Hydrochloride Injection (BHI) on vertebra basilar artery ischemic vertigo (VBIV).

METHODSNinety patients with VBIV were randomly divided into two groups; 45 patients (the treated group) were treated with YXDM and BHI intravenous dripping, once a day for 14 days. Another 45 patients (control group) were treated with Xueshuantong and BHI intravenous dripping, once daily for 14 days. The clinical syndromes and the index of the transcranial Doppler (TCD) and hemorheology were observed.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 100% in the treated group, which was better than that in the control group 90.5%, (P < 0.05). The indexes of TCD and hemorheology in the treated group were obviously improved after treatment, (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONYXDM combined with BHT injection had better effect in treating patients with VBIV is an ideal drug for VBIV.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Betahistine ; administration & dosage ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Hemorheology ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial ; Vasodilator Agents ; administration & dosage ; Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency ; complications ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Vertigo ; drug therapy ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of hyperoxia exposure on high mobility group protein-B1 (HMGB1) expression in neonatal mice and the role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

METHODSC57BL/6 mice were randomly exposed to 60% O2 or air 1 day after birth. BPD was induced by 60% O2 exposure. The pulmonary tissue samples were harvested 3, 7 and 14 days after exposure. The pathologic changes of pulmonary tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson staining and radical alveolar count. The expression of HMGB1 protein in lungs was detected by immunofluorescence. The expression of HMGB1 mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.

RESULTSIn the BPD group, the lungs developed decreased alceolar septation, swollen alveolar epithelium, stroma edema, interstitial fibrosis and developmental lag when compared with the control group. These changes became more obvious with more prolonged hyperoxia exposure. The expression of HMGB1 protein and mRNA 7 and 14 days after exposure increased significantly in the BPD group compared with that in the control group.

CONCLUSIONSHyperoxia exposure results in an increase in lung HMGB1 expression. The increased HMGB1 expression may be associated with the development of BPD.

Animals ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; etiology ; HMGB1 Protein ; analysis ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Hyperoxia ; complications ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo express soluble HA of A/H1N1 influenza virus in drosophila S2 cell line and identify its bio-activity.

METHODSHA gene was amplified from A/Shenzhen/71/09 virus strain using RT-PCR, then we constructed pAC5.1-HA expression vector, which was co-transfected into S2 cell with pCoblast vector. After transfection, stable S2 cell was selected through Blasticindin. HA in the supernatant was identified with Western Blot assay and purified with Ni-column. Recombinant HA was immunized into BALB/c mice 3 times, and the Abs titers were evaluated with ELISA.

RESULTSWe successfully cloned HA gene with 1.7 x 10(3) bp of A/Shenzhen/71/09 virus strain and got recombinant pAC5. 1-HA expression vector. Stable S2 cell line was established after transfection and selection, which continuously expressed HA with molecular weight 75 x 10(3) D. After immunization with HA, the Abs titers were 1:1280 and 1: 5120 respectively on 10 d, 30 d.

CONCLUSIONWe expressed soluble HA with good bio-activity, which contributed to research on immune diagnosis, subunit vaccine, and monoclonal Abs for influenza.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Drosophila ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; analysis ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; genetics ; metabolism ; Influenza, Human ; virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Solubility

A large number of bacteria were carried by mites parasitizing on animals and human,which including symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria.Mites were an important transmission media and could spread pathogenic bacteria.A total of 184 literatures were collected from database to analye diversity of bacteria carried by mites.There were about 105 species bacteria were carried by 94 mites.These bacteria belong to 9 phylums,22 orders,40 families and 55 genuses(including 17 pathogen and 20 opportunistic pathogen).In this paper,we reviewed the diversity of mites-associated bacteria,which could offer some data for investigation on the relationship between mites and mites-associate bacteria.

We aimed to detect the drug resistant and molecular characteristic of Klebsiella Pneumoniae (KP) isolated from different hosts origin,and to investigate the infection possibility between animals and humans.A total of 98 KP strains were collected in Henan Province from March 2013 to December 2014.Drug-resistance to 15 antibiotics was detected by K-B diffu sion methods.The phenotype of produce mucus was determined by stringing test.Seven drug-resistant gene and 2 virulence gene were amplified by PCR technique.Molecular types were analysis by MLST.The resistant rate of KP isolated from noso comial was higher than those isolated from animals.Among animal strains,the resistant rate of KP isolated from chickens and pigs were higher than that from rabbits and dogs.The multidrug resistant (MDR) of nosocomial isolates were the highest (74.19％).There were 18 STs among 98 KP strains.The main prevalent types were ST37 in chicken,ST258 in pigs,ST60 in rabbits,ST11 in dogs and nosocomial respectively.ST11 was common epidemic types among nosocomial,dogs and pigs.ST235 was common molecular types among chicken and human.ST258 existed in both nosocomial and pigs.The rmpA gene and magA gene were detected in ST11,ST235 and ST 258,producing higher mucus.The blaKPC gene was 54.84％ in nosocomial strains,but not been detected in dog and rabbit strains.The distribution of ESBLs gene in nosocomial was higher than those in animals,but qnrA gene and qnrB gene were higher in chicken than in human.The multidrug resistant gene was the highest distribution in ST11,ST258 and ST235.There were some differences in phenotype of drug-resistance,producing mucus and molecular characteristics,but ST11,ST258 and ST235 were common types of KP isolates from different host origins.

OBJECTIVETo summarize experience of pediatric intensive care and explore the incidence of complications, the involved pathogens among liver recipients to determine the effective strategies for preventing complications.

METHODSBetween June 2006 and July 2009, 35 children under the age of 14 yr received 35 liver transplantations (LTs) performed at the center. A retrospective review of 22 infants weighing 8.8 kg or less underwent 23 transplants was conducted. Indication for transplantation was biliary atresia. Central venous pressure and arterial blood pressure were monitored continuously and fluid monitoring was performed every 2 hours in the first postoperative week. Blood loss, ascites, and intraoperative transudate loss were primarily replaced with 5% albumin and crystalloids to maintain a central venous pressure between 4 and 6 cm H(2)O. Oral food intake was allowed as soon as possible. To identify vascular or biliary complications, liver doppler ultrasound was performed intraoperatively immediately after reperfusion and after closure of the abdominal wall and postoperatively, twice daily during the first week after surgery. Immunosuppression was initially cyclosporine based, in combination with steroids. Cyclosporine was begun one day prior to transplantation at a dose of 10 mg/(kg·d) divided into two doses, except for cases with hepatic encephalopathy and severe infection. The subsequent doses were adjusted on the basis of recommended trough blood concentrations at different stages. Steroids were eventually discontinued at a time point exceeding 6 months after transplantation. The diagnosis of rejection was confirmed by histology on needle biopsy specimens. Acute graft rejection episodes were treated with a 3-day scheme of IV methylprednisolone 10 mg/(kg·d) followed by recycling doses during the following 3 days (7.5, 5 and 2.5 mg/(kg·d).

RESULTSThe most common postoperative complications were infections (18 cases), gastrointestinal bleeding (3 cases), and vascular complications (4 cases). Rejection occurred in 25% of patients. There was one perioperative death from primary graft non-function. The most common isolated bacteria of the pathogen spectrum were Staphylococcus epidermidis. The median length of stay (LOS) in the PICU for 22 patients (23 transplants) was 10 days (range 5 - 21) and the mean length of stay in the hospital was (18.5 ± 116) days (range, 11 - 48 days). Mean requirement for artificial ventilation was 37.6 h. Mean use of dobutamine, prostaglandin E1 and dopamine was 3.3, 7.5 and 8.8 days, respectively. Preoperatively, 3 children had gastrointestinal bleeding, 18 had ascites, 2 had encephalopathy, 22 had jaundice, and 16 had coagulopathy. There were multiple early operative complications in these infants, including one graft with primary non-function (4.5%). Two patients (9.1%) returned for a total of three times for gastrointestinal bleeding or intra-abdominal hematoma. Three patients (13.6%) had early postoperative intestinal perforations related to adhesions or enterotomy, one was associated with a bowel obstruction. There were 26 episodes of bacterial or fungal infections in 18 (81.8%) patients in the early postoperative period, and infection was the direct/contributing cause of death in one infant. These infections included pneumonia, intra-abdominal abscess or sepsis. All of the bacterial and fungal infections were successfully treated with the appropriate antibacterial and antifungal agents, except for one patient who developed overwhelming sepsis after small bowel perforation. Four (18.2%) patients developed five episodes of acute allograft rejection during the first 15 days after LT. Three of the four patients who developed rejection were transplanted before 2007. All episodes of rejection were treated successfully with intravenous steroid pulse and optimization of cyclosporine levels or FK506 conversion. Of the 20 survivors beyond the perioperative period, two cases (10%) had hypertension requiring therapy.

CONCLUSIONSLiver transplantation in infants with biliary atresia appears technically demanding but acceptable. There should be essentially no age or size restriction for infants and transplantation can be performed with good outcome, although the frequency of complications is much higher than that seen in older children. The improvement in medical and nursing expertise in this group of very sick infants is based on judicious preoperative donor and recipient selection, meticulous surgical technique (vascular reconstruction and abdominal closure), immediate detection and prompt intervention of complications, and keen postoperative surveillance, which reflect a learning curve for both the technical aspects of liver transplantation and post-operative care of these very small patients in our institution. Liver transplantation for infants can be technically challenging.

Biliary Atresia ; surgery ; therapy ; Child, Preschool ; Critical Care ; methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Liver Transplantation ; Living Donors ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Postoperative Care ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor: Fc fusion protein in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods This was a multicenter,randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in the first 6 weeks and then followed by an open-labeled trial in the next 6 weeks. One hundred and forty-three patients of active AS were randomly assigned to receive 25 mg twice-weekly subcutaneous injections of rhTNFR:Fc or placebo for 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was proportion of ASAS20 responders at week 6. The secondary endpoints were the proportion of subjects achieving a BASDAI 20%, BASDAI 50% and BASDAI 70% improvement at week 6. Other secondary endpoints, related to reducing signs and symptoms of AS and improving range of motion and physical function, were evaluated.Results Treatment with rhTNFR:Fc resulted in significant improvement. At 6 weeks, 68% of the 71 patients in the rhTNFR: Fc group had a treatment response, as compared with 28% of those in the placebo group(P＜0.01). Improvements over base-line values for other measures of disease activity were significantly greater in the rhTNFR:Fc group, rhTNFR:Fc was well tolerated, The most frequently treatment related adverse event was injection site reaction. Conclusion rhTNFR:Fc has demonstrated consistent evidence of efficacy and is well tolerated in the treatment of active AS.

BACKGROUNDPrevious work has shown that optic nerve and sciatic nerve conditional medium had neurotrophic activity on neurons. In order to find if the optic nerve conditioned media (CM) had a similar activity to make PC12 cells differentiate as sciatic nerve CM did, we explored the neurotrophic activity in optic nerve CM in the same in vitro system and compared the neurotrophin expression levels in optic and sciatic nerves under both conditions.

METHODSPC12 cells were used to examine the effects of neurotrophins secreted by the sciatic nerve and optic nerve. RT-PCR and real-time QPCR showed that the sciatic nerve and optic nerve produced a range of neurotrophins including nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3).

RESULTSThe effects of sciatic nerve and optic nerve CM on neurite outgrowth were tested against a range of neurotrophins, and they had different neuritogenic activities. Only NGF and sciatic nerve CM had obvious neuritogenic activities, although the concentration of NGF in the sciatic nerve CM was very low.

CONCLUSIONSOur experiment showed that sciatic nerve CM had a higher neurotrophic activity on PC12 cells than optic nerve CM. These results suggested that peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) had different expression levels of neurotrophin, which may in part explain the lack of ability to regenerate the CNS.

Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Nerve Growth Factor ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Neurotrophin 3 ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Optic Nerve ; metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Rats ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sciatic Nerve ; metabolism