Objective To investigate the effects of orphanin FQ (OFQ) on simple and norepinephrineactivated cardiac function in isolated rat heart.Methods Male SD rats aged 3-4 months weighing 250-280 g were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 25% urethane 1.4-1.8 ml.Their hearts were excised and passively perfused with K-H solutionin a Lanngendorff apparatus.A fluid-filled latex balloon was inserted into left ventricle for measurement of developed pressure.Left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP),left ventricular end-diastofic pressure(LVEDP),left ventricular developed pressure(LVDP=LVSP-LVEDP),HR and±dp/dtmax were measured.Sixty isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 10 groups(n=6 each):Ⅰ control group (group C);Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ OFQ1,OFQ2,OFQ3 group--OFQ 10-6,10-7,10-8 mol/L were administered via perfusion system respectively;Ⅴ OFQ+UFP group--OFQ 10-6 mol/L+UFP-101 (all OFQ antagonist) 10-6 mol/L were administered;Ⅵ NE group--norepinephrine 10-5 mol/L;Ⅶ,Ⅷ,Ⅸ NE+OFQ groups--NE 10-5 mol/L+OFQ 10-6,10-7,10-8 mol/L were administered respectively;Ⅹ NE+OFQ+UFP group--NE 10-5 mol/L+OFQ 10-6mol/L+UFP-101 10-6mol/L.Results LVSP,LVDP and±dp/dtmax were significantly increased while HR was significantly decreased in the 3 OFQ groups as compared with control group.LVSP,LVDP±dp/dt max and HR were significantly increased in the 3 NE+OFQ groups as compared with NE group.Conclusion OFQ has positive inotropic action and negative chronotropic effect on the isolated rat heart.OFQ Can enhance the positive inotropic and chronotropic effect of NE on the heart.

Objective To evaluate the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on anoxiareoxygenation (A/R)-induced injury to neonatal rat cardiomyocytes incubated in high glucose medium.Methods Cardiomyocytes were obtained from 1-3-day old Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured in the culture medium containing 15％ bovine calf serum and then seeded onto 6-well plates at a density of 10 × 105/ml (3 ml/well).The cells were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =9 each):normal glucose medium control group (NG group),high glucose medium group (HG group),high glucose medium + A/R group (HG+ A/R group),high glucose medium + A/R + CGRP group (HG + A/R + CGRP group),and high glucose medium + A/R + CGRP+ CGRP8-37 group (HG + A/R + CGRP + CGRP8-37 group).The cells were incubated in normal glucose (5.5 mmol/L) medium for 72 h in NG group.In HG group,the cells were incubated in high glucose (25.0 mmol/L) medium for 72 h.In HG + A/ R group,the cells were incubated in high glucose medium for 72 h and then exposed to 3 h of anoxia followed by 2 h of reoxygenation.In group HG + A/R + CGRP,the cells were incubated in high glucose medium for 72 h,CGRP (final concentration 10-8 mol/L) was then added to the culture media and the cells were incubated for 1 h and then underwent A/R.In HG + A/R + CGRP + CGRP8-37 group,the cells were incubated in high glucose medium for 72 h,CGRP (final concentration 10 8 mol/L) was then added to the culture media and the cells were incubated for 1 h and then underwent A/R.In HG + A/R + CGRP + CGRP8-37 group,the cells were incubated in high glucose medium for 72 h,CGRP8-37 (final concentration 10-8 mol/L) and CGRP8-37 (CGRP receptor antagonist,final concentration 10-7 mol/L) was then added to the culture media and the cells were incubated for 1 h and then underwent A/R.Apoptosis in cardiomyocytes was detected using TUNEL and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated.The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the culture medium was analyzed.Results AI and LDH activity were significantly higher in HG group than in NG group,and in HG + A/R group than in HG group.Compared with HG + A/R group,AI and LDH activity were significantly decreased in HG + A/R + CGRP group,while no significant changes were found in HG + A/R + CGRP + CGRP8-37 group.Compared with HG + A/R + CGRP group,AI and LDH activity were significantly increased in HG + A/R + CGRP + CGRP8-37 group.Conclusion CGRP attenuates A/R-induced injury to neonatal rat cardiomyocytes incubated in high glucose medium via combing with CGRP receptor.

Objective To investigate the effects of substance P on anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injury to cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats.Methods Cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 1-3 days,and were cultured in 6-well plates for 72 h.The cardiomyocytes were then assigned into 4 groups (n =3 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),A/R group,substance P group (group SP) and substance P + D-SP group (group SP + D-SP).The cells were cultured routinely for 6 h in group C and the cells were exposed to 99.9 ％ N2 in an incubator at 37 ℃ for 3 h followed by reoxygenation for 2 h in the other groups.The cells were incubated with substance P with the final concentration of 10-7 mol/L for 1 h before anoxia in group SP.The cells were incubated for 1 h with substance P with the final concentration of 10-7 mol/L and D-SP (a specific antagonist of neurokinin-1 receptor) with the final concentration of 10-6 mol/L before anoxia in group SP + D-SP.The apoptosis rate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were detected at the end of reoxygenation using TUNEL assay and LDH assay kit,respectively.Results Compared with C group,the apoptosis rate and LDH activity were significantly increased in A/R,SP and SP+ D-SP groups.Compared with A/R group,the apoptosis rate and LDH activity were significantly decreased in SP and SP + D-SP groups.Compared with SP group,the apoptosis rate and LDH activity were significantly increased in SP + D-SP group.Conclusion Substance P can attenuate A/R injury to cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats,and activation of neurokinin 1 receptors is involved in the mechanism.

This article utilizes the latest digitization development trend of medical imaging teaching to illustrate the value of digitization in medical imaging, which discusses the setting up meaning, establishing methods, management and application, etc. of digital teaching data base.

Objective To evaluate spiral CT scanning and CT virtual endoscopy(CTVE) in the clinical diagnosis of gastric carcinoma.Methods Spiral CT scan was performed in 28 patients with pathologically-proved gastric cancer . The CT scan parameters were : collimating width 5 mm , Pitch 1 . The volumetric data were acquired using a spiral CT scanner and transferred to computer workstation . CTVE was performed by navigator smooth function . The results were compared with the findings of fiberoptic endoscopy and/or surgery .Results Spiral CT scan could demonstrate the location ,size,extension of lesions and the relation with organs around .In 28 patients,CT findings included omentum involvement(n=7),pancreatic ivolvement (n=4),hepatic involvement (n=3),lymph node metastasis(n=3). CTVE could clearly demonstrate the three-dimensional image of normal wall stomach and the lesions , size and extension of lesions . The appearances of the inner lesions and normal wall of stomach on CTVE were similar to those on fiberoptic endoscopy and/or surgery . The accuracy in detecting lesion by CTVE was 92.8% in 28 patients . Conclusion CTVE combination with spiral CT scan is of great value in clinical diagnosis of gastric carcinoma .

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of spiral CT and all kinds of 3D reconstruction in pulmonary tuberculosis .Methods 145 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis confirmed by clinical study and histopathology were analyzed retrospectively. All cases weregiven to helical scan and different cases were given to different 3D reconstruction (CTVE, MPR and CPR) .Results Spiral CT (HRCTespecially) could find many signs of pulmonary tuberculosis, such as centrilobular distribution nodules, tree-in-bud, cavitations,tuberculous pneumonia, miliary nodules, branchogenic dissemination, endobranchial tuberculosis, lymph node enlargement and calcification. The accuracy of spiral CT in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was 96.6%, The accuracy of spiral CT with 3Dreconstruction in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was 99.31%.Conclusion Pulmonary tuberculosis can be diagnosed accurately by spiral CT with all kinds of 3D reconstruction.

0.05).Conclusion Levofloxacin treating community-acquired pneumonia than gatifloxacin have more medicine economics advantage and it is in the prior choice.

0.05).Conclusion Gatifloxation is safe and efficient in the treatment of community acquired pneomonia.

Objective: Recent studies have suggested that congestive heart failure(CHF) is related to neuroendocrine system and cytokines,and its activation contributes to myocardial remodeling and leads to the development and progression of CHF.Tumour necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) is one of the most important factors.This study intends to establish the animal model of isoproterenol(ISO)-induced CHF in rats and to study the changes of serum TNF-?.Methods:Male SD rats were randomly allocated to the ISO-induced CHF group(n=50) receiving two subcutaneous injections of 170mg ISO per kilogram of body and the healthy control group(n=10) receiving two subcutaneous injections of 0.25ml normal saline.At 18th week,the hemodynamic parameters including HR,LVSP,LVEDP and ?dp/dtmax were assessed.TNF-? in plasma were all detected.Results:Compared with the control group,the LVSP、?dp/dtmax significantly decreased and the HR,LVEDP enlarged notably in CHF group(P

Objective To investigate the effects of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) on esophageal dynamics in patients with achalasia (AC) and appraise the role of high resolution manometry (HRM)in assessment of POEM therapy.Methods From July 2011 to September 2012,20 patients with achalasia underwent POEM in the department of gastroenterology,Tianjin Medical University General Hospital.Preoperation esophageal dynamics of all the patients were evaluated by high resolution manometry (HRM) system and one month after POEM operation the test was repeated.Data of lower esophageal sphincter (LES)and esophageal body were analyzed,with 15 healthy volunteers as a contrast study.Results Mter POEM,the LES pressure (LESP) and 4-second integrated relaxation pressure (4sIRP) significantly decreased:LESP [pre-operation (24.5 ± 13.1) mm Hg vs.post-operation (8.5 ± 3.1) mm Hg,P ＜ 0.05] ; 4sIRP [pre-operation (20.7 ± 6.8) mm Hg vs.post-operation (5.0 ± 3.4) mm Hg,P ＜ 0.05].The LES relax rate (LESRR) significantly elevated [pre-operation (12.7 ± 9.8) ％ vs.post-operation (39.6 ± 18.1) ％,P ＜ 0.05].However,the esophageal aperistalsis remained after POEM.The total of 20 patiems were all type Ⅰ achalasia and responded well to POEM therapy.Post-operation data on the symptom scores markedly decreased and a significant correlation was found between the decreasing level of symptom scores and LESP,as well as the scores 4sIRP in the 20 patients (LESP:r =0.751,P ＜ 0.05 ; 4sIRP:r =0.500,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion POEM can significantly improve esophageal dynamics in patients with achalasia and the treatment outcome is definite.HRM plays an important role in evaluation of POEM therapy on achalasia.