The risk factors of traffic crash include drinking/drunk drive, accident proneness, fatigue driving, speeding, and poor vehicle quality. This article introduces the protection, emergency treatment, and basic scientific research of road traffic injury (RTI). As a public health issue, RTI is preventable, and personal factor is a key problem. It is important to establish an accurate and comprehensive RTI database, which may provide necessary information for the epidemiological research and crash prevention. The author also gives some suggestions on road traffic safety development in our country.
Accidents, Traffic ; prevention & control ; Databases, Factual ; Epidemiologic Research Design ; Humans ; Wounds and Injuries ; prevention & control ; therapy

Disaster Medicine ; Earthquakes ; Emergency Medicine ; General Surgery ; Humans ; Relief Work ; Wounds and Injuries ; surgery

Accidents, Traffic ; prevention & control ; Global Health ; Humans ; World Health Organization

Humans ; Physicians ; organization & administration

C. Conclusion Adequate hemodilution can attenuate the lung injury induced by I/R. The protective effect is better if hemodilution is performed before I/R.

In the recent years,the earthquake occured frequently in the whole world which caused the increased incidence of crush syndrome (CS). The four limbs and torso will be bleeding and swelling when they are prounded and crushed from the heavy objects. The necrosis of muscular tissue causes massive production of toxin which leads to a series of symptoms including hypotension ,kidney dysfunction and so on. The serious acute kidney injury (AKI) will be vital. When CS-AKI ,the ascending velocity of urea nitrogen and K+ levels in the blood is quicker than those of general AKI;many kinds of immune cells are activated to engender a great deal of inflammatory mediators;the blood dynamics is often unstable. Therefore, it is advocated that the blood purification treatment should be carried early to eliminate excessive metabolic produces in vivo,to reduce the cardiovascular complication occurrence, and to avoid the irreversible change of the kidney function.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between inorganic ingredients (Ca, P and F) concentration of plaque residues in the primary teeth and caries status, sugar exposure frequency.

METHODSSubjects were 93 of 3-5 years old children living in Beijing area. According to their caries status, they were classified into two groups: Severe early childhood caries(S-ECC) group and caries free(CF) group. Plaque samples were collected from subjects respectively. Ca, P and F concentration of plaque residues was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy, spectrophotometer and fluoride electrode respectively. The information of daily sugar exposure frequency of children was obtained from a standardized questionnaire filled by their parents. The relationship between inorganic ingredients (Ca, P and F) concentration of plaque residues and daily sugar exposure frequency was analyzed and the relationship between inorganic ingredients (Ca, P and F) concentration of plaque residues and caries status in the S-ECC group was also analyzed.

RESULTSThe mean values for Ca, P and F concentration of plaque residues were lower in the S-ECC group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The daily sugar exposure frequency in the S-ECC group was higher than that in the CF group. There were no relationships between Ca, P and F concentration of plaque residues and caries status (dmft, dmfs), sugar exposure frequency in the primary dentition.

CONCLUSIONPlaque residues from CF subjects did not contain a greater pool of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and fluoride ions than that from S-ECC subjects.

Calcium ; Carbohydrates ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dental Caries ; Dental Caries Susceptibility ; Dental Plaque ; Fluorides ; Humans ; Phosphates ; Tooth, Deciduous

Treating different diseases with the same method is a unique original thinking in Chinese medicine, which embodies the spirit of treatment based on syndrome differentiation. We briefly reviewed the origin and development of this concept. We also reviewed that thinking of combination of disease and syndrome is its premise and foundation. We put forward the conditionality of diseases in treating different diseases with the same method by cutting-in modern biological basic researches, that is to say, one kind specific diseases or disease of one specific system. We emphasized the importance of diseases conditionality in treating different diseases with the same method, which was of great significance in studies on combination of disease and syndrome, correspondence of prescription and syndrome, and modern biological basic researches of treating different diseases with the same method.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prescriptions ; Research

Disasters ; Emergency Medical Services ; Humans ; Wounds and Injuries ; therapy

Idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN) is one of the main pathology of nephrotic syndrome,and has a rising trend year by year.In recent years that IMN is organ specific autoimmune disease.Phospholipase A2 receptor(PLA2R) and thrombospondin type-1 domain containing 7A(THSD7A) are the two main antigens of IMN,which could be used to distinguish the IMN and secondary membranous nephropathy.The anti-PLA2R antibody and anti-THSD7A antibody are associated with diagnosis,severity and activity of the disease.The antibody titer and its change could be used to help deciding the beginning of therapy and the therapitive courses.