In the past, the ways to amblyopia neural mechanism research are given priority to visual electrophysiology and so on, which express the result use two -dimensional form, these ways mainly research the functions of the state before the lateral geniculate body. For the study of optic center, animal models are used to research it. But these kinds of methods are unable to accurately detect amblyopia neural mechanisms of human beings. Vulnerable to a variety of factors, it is difficult to finish the amblyopia treatment effect evaluation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) can reflect the three-dimensional visual cortex neuron activity noninvasively and accurately, and give rise to amblyopia neural mechanism and therapeutic effect evaluation. Therefore, in this paper, the amblyopia neural mechanisms and visual center after treatment effect evaluation of fMRI research progress are summarized.

Objective To discuss the short-term outcomes of uncemented APL stem hip hemiarthroplasty for unstable intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients.Methods From July 2008 to December 2011,26 cases of intertrochanteric fractures were treated by hemiarthroplasty using uncemented APL stem.There were 10 men and 16 women with a mean age of 82.5 years (range,75-94 years).According to EvansJensen classification system,16 cases were type Ⅱ fractures,the other 10 were type Ⅲ.Results The mean operation time was 56 min (range,48 to 72 min).The average blood loss during the operation was 360 ml (range,240-600 ml).One of the patients died in the perioperative period,2 died during the follow-up.The other 23 patients were followed up with an average of 21.5 months (range,12-42 months).The patients were encouraged to walk with aid about 2-3 weeks postoperatively.Three months after the operation,the walking ability were almost recovered to pre-injury level in 21 cases.The acetabular wear,the prosthetic loosening and subsidence were not found.The complications included 1 case of cerebral infarction,1 case of deep venous thrombosis,2 urinary infection,1 skin ulcer due to the long-term use of cortical steroid and 2 heterotopic ossifications.According to Harris hip score,12 cases were classified as excellent,10 cases as good and 1 case as fair.Conclusion Hemiarthroplasty using uncemented APL stem is an effective way to treat the unstable intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients.The quality of life of the elderly patients can be improved due to early mobilization after the surgery.

Objective To investigate visuospatial-visuoconstructional ability in patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI).Methods The subjects were divided into three groups:122(51 males and 71 females)in the normal control group; 205(95 males and 110 females)in the MCI group,including 133 amnestic MCI(aMCI)and 72 non-amnestic MCI(naMCI),and 75(36 males and 39 females)in the Alzheimer' s disease(AD)group.The subjects were assessed for visuospatial-visuoconstructional ability by three tests:Rey-Osterrieth Complement Fixation Test(CFT),Clock Drawing Task(CDT),and Stick Test.Mini-mental State Examination(MMSE)was also performed in all groups.SPSS 11.5 statistical software was used for statistic analysis; Chi-square test was used to analyze enumeration data; One-way analysis of variance was used in pairwise comparison between the groups,and Bonferroni and LSD methods were used for multiple comparison.Results(1)The average MMSE score in the normal control group,MCI group and AD group was 28.24 ± 1.74,27.39 ± 1.83 and 19.98 ±3.23,respectively.(2)In the normal control group,either CFT imitating score or total CDT score had no obvious correlation with age or education,while Stick Test-Rotating part(STR)was correlated with age(r =-0.179,P ＜ 0.05),but had no significant correlation with education.(3)There were correlations between CFT imitating score and total CDT score (r =0.337),CFT imitating score and STR(r =0.232),and total CDT score and STR(r =0.235).The correlations were statistically significant(P ＜ 0.01).(4)CFT imitating and total CDT showed the greatest correlation with Trail Making Test B and Stroop Color Word Test Card C time consumption,an indicator of executive function.STR had greatest correlation with Auditory Verbal Learning Test,an index of memory.There were significant differences in CFT imitating,total CDT score and STR among the normal,MCI and AD groups(P ＜ 0.01).(5)STR is a more informative test to be used in diagnosis of MCI than CFT imitating and total CDT score,as shown by comparison of these tests in three subjects groups.Conclusion Visuospatial-visuoconstructional ability impairment is one of the symptoms of MCI.In detection of MCI,the assessment of space rotating ability is better than CFT imitating and total CDT score.

Objective To evaluate regenerative nerve and functional recovery of target muscle in rats with sciatic nerve defect bridged by acellular nerve allograft made through chemical extraction.Methods Sciatic nerve of SD rats was processed in a volume fraction of 3％ Triton X-lO0 solution and 40 g/L sodium deoxycholate solution.Morphology of myelin sheath,axons and basal lamina tubes of sciatic nerve segments was observed under the light microscopy before and after the chemical processing.Twenty-five Wistar rats were divided into acellular nerve allograft group (n =10),autograft group (n =10) and normal control group(n =5) according to the random number table.A 1 cm sciatic nerve defect was created in acellular nerve allograft group and autograft group,and was respectively bridged by acellular nerve allograft and autograft.Sciatic nerve function index (SFI) was measured every two weeks.Twelve weeks after surgery,nerve conduction velocity (NCV),recovery rate of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and recovery rate of muscle force were measured in each group.Results Cellular components including myelin sheath and axons were removed thoroughly,but the basal lamina tubes were preserved completely.At postoperative 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 weeks,SFI in normal control group (-1.7±5.9,-0.3 ±2.5,0.8 ±4.1,-1.4±3.6,-2.5 ±5.7 and-2.1±3.2) was superior over autograft group (-94.3±3.7,-90.1±4.1,-63.7±7.8,-51.9±8.2,-48.8±8.6 and -44.3 ± 10.5) and acellular nerve allograft group (-97.1 ± 5.3,-91.2 ± 6.1,-70.6 ± 5.5,-60.4±6.2,-58.2 ±10.2 and-56.4 ±8.0) (P ＜0.01).At postoperative 6,8,10 and 12 weeks,SFI in autograft group were better than those in acellular nerve allograft group (P ＜0.05).NCV [(61.6 ± 8.1) m/s],recovery rate of CMAP[(98.7 ± 5.9) ％] and recovery rate of muscle force [(101.8 ± 6.6) ％] in normal control group were higher than those in acellular nerve allograft group [(22.3 ± 4.7) m/s,(40.3 ± 9.2) ％ and (43.8 ± 9.3) ％] and those in autograft group [(29.0 ±5.5) m/s,(52.5 ± 10.6) ％ and (54.3 ± 10.5) ％] (P ＜ 0.01).NCV,recovery rate of CMAP and recovery rate of muscle force in autograft group were better than those in acellular nerve allograft group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Acellular nerve segments are harvested satisfactorily by chemical extraction.Sciatic nerve defect in rats can be cured with the acellular nerve allograft,but the repair effect of autograft is relatively better.

Objective To explore the mid-term efficacy of biological type,long-stem artificial caput femo-ris replacement operation in the treatment of unstable senile intertrochanteric fracture.Methods 73 patients accepted the treatment of biological type long-stem artificial caput femoris replacement operation,and 64 cases were followed. After 3 months of operation,these 64 patients were divided into four groups which marked as A,B,C and D according to the Berg balance scale(BBS).Accordingly,54 patients that in grade A,B and C would be brought into in long-term follow-up study.54 cases include 25 male patients and 29 female patients with an average age of 81.6 years old who aged from 73 to 94 years old.According to Evans-Jensen classification,28 cases were Evans-JensenⅡand the left 26 cases were Evans -JensenⅢ.Results The follow-up period was in the range of 24 to78 months (mean 42months).During this period,except the 9 death cases,there was no case of femoral trochanteric ununited fracture, femoral prostheses loosening or dislocation of hip joint.In total,3 cases occurred with loss of fixing wire,4 cases occurred with acetabular wear,one case was experienced prosthesis adjacent fracture and three cases of heterotopic ossification.According to the Engh standard,all femoral prostheses got osseous fixation.The rate of excellent and good result were 88.9%with in which excellent in 23 cases and good in 17 cases.Conclusion The application of biological type long-stem artificial caput femoris replacement in the treatment of unstable senile intertrochanteric fracture can achieve satisfactory mid-term efficiency.

Objective:To explore the curative effect of acupuncture combined with huanglian wendan decoction on the mild cognitive impairment after stroke.Methods:100 patients with mild cognitive impairment after stroke were enrolled in our hospital from June 2013 to August 2016 and randomly divided into two groups.The control group (n=50) accepted nimodipine,and the study group (n=50)accepted huanglian wendan decoction combined with acupuncture treatment based on the control group.The MMSE and MSSS scores were evaluated and compared,and the improvement of cognitive dysfunction and nervous dysfunction,quality of life were compared and analyzed.Results:After treatment,the MMSE,ADL scores of patients were remarkably decreased compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05),and the decreasing degree of study group was significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05).The MSSS,MBI scores of both groups were significantly increased compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05),and the increasing degree of study group was significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05).The effective rates of improvement in cognitive dysfunction and nervous dysfunction,quality of life of study group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusions:Huanglian wendan decoction combined with acupuncture treatment was effective for the mild cognitive impairment after stroke and could improve the quality of life.

Objective To assess the effects of Jinghou Zengzhi Recipe ,a Chinese prescription with the action of tonifying Qi and blood,on the expressions of Bcl-2,Bax and Caspase3 in ovarian granulosa cells of con-trolled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH)mice. Methods A model of COH mice was prepared and 30 female KM mice were divided into blank group,model group and treatment group. The expressions of Bcl-2,Bax and Cas-pase3 were detected by Real-time Quantitative PCR and Western Blot. Results The mRNA and protein levels of Bax and Caspase3 were lower(P<0.05),while the protein levels of Bcl-2 were significantly higher(P<0.05)in the treatment group than those in the model group. There was no significant differences between the treatment group and blank group in the mRNA and proteins. Conclusion Jinghou Zengzhi Recipe can inhibit the ovarian granulo-sa cellular apoptosis of COH mice through increasing the expression of Bcl-2 protein as well as decreasing the ex-pressions of Bax and Caspase3 mRNA and proteins to nearly the natural level,which improves the quality of ovari-an follicle.

ERS is a kind of universal existence in various cellular stress response.Recently, the research shows that ERS may affect bone metabolism balance from different ways.However, the specific mechanism is still not clear.The relationship between ERS and osteoporosis needs further research.This article will firstly introduce the pathways of ERS, then the relationship between the ERS and osteoporosis will be discussed from pancreatic beta cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and mesenchymal stem cells.Lastly, I will give perspectives on the future research on treatment of osteoporosis drug.

Adult ; Endocarditis ; complications ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Pulmonary Embolism ; etiology ; Pulmonary Valve ; microbiology

Objective Carotid body tumor is closely related to carotid artery .How to deal with carotid artery is the guaranty of successful surgery .The aim of this study was to summary the experience of keeping carotid artery continuity in the treatment of 15 carotid body tumor cases . Methods Clinical data of 15 cases with 17 carotid body tumors , in which 2 patients had bilateral tumors , were collected.The 17 carotid body tumors were classified as Shamblin I (6 cases),Ⅱ(6 cases) andⅢ(5 cases).Fifteen tumors were dissected simplely.Among these 15 tumors, three of Shamblin Ⅱand two of Shamblin Ⅲunderwent repair of the break of carotid artery.The rest two of Shamblin Ⅲunderwent tumor and external carotid artery excision and internal carotid artery repairment .Matas pressing test of carotid artery or carotid artery balloon occlusion test was not performed in any patient . Results All 17 tumors were successfully excised .None of the 17 tumors underwent anastomosis or reconstruction of internal carotid artery or arteria carotis com -mun.The continuity of carotid artery or internal carotid artery was kept in all the patients after tumor excision .Hoarseness and bucking induced by the injury of vagus nerve occurred in 13 cases, and bucking recovery in all the cases after 2 years follow up, and only one case remained mild hoarseness .Hypoglossal nerve injury occurred in 4 cases with tongue deviation , and the symptom recovery after 6 months follow up.No one had recurrent by the follow-up period ranging from 1 to 9 years. Conclusion Most carotid body tumors could be completely resected by tumor dissection method with the accurate treatment , thereby the continuity of carotid artery could be kept.The Matas pressing test of carotid artery or carotid artery balloon occlusion test is not necessarily to every patient .