Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) are group of cells exhibiting self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation potentials. These cells have an important role in the occurrence, development, metastasis, and recurrence of breast cancer. In normal circumstances, the ability of mammary stem cells to differentiate and undergo self-renewal is governed by related signaling pathways. After this mechanism is destroyed, breast stem cells undergo abnormal differentiation, forming breast cancer stem cells that unlimitedly proliferate to develop into breast cancer. As research on BCSC increasingly deepens, regulation of BCSC by notch signaling and its crosstalk with several signaling pathways have drawn a great deal of attention in this field. This paper reports the signaling pathways of breast cancer stem cells and latest studies on this field to better understand the essential role of notch signaling pathway in the occurrence and development of breast cancer and corresponding clinical targeted therapy.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety on the radio-heating-chemotherapy in treatment of patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE). METHODS: 60 patients of MPE were randomly devided into two groups, radio-chemotherapy group (treatment group) and chemotherapy group (control group). The drugs, according to the types of tumor cells, were select to take intravenous injection and pleural cavity administration. The patient’s pleural cavity was drained continuously by pleurocentesis. These treatments were made once two week lasting for 4-6 weeks with NS 30 ml+cisplatin 60 mg by perfusion of pleural cavity. After the perfusin of pleural cavity, radio-heating was performed 60-90 min, twice one week for 8-10 times in the treatment group. RESULTS: The response rate was 90% (CR+PR) in the treatment group, and 67% (CR+PR) in the control group. The rates were higher than those in the control group (P

Objective To investigate the prognosis of two subtypes of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE). Methods Forty patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus were followed-up for 3 to 14 years. The clinical and laboratory findings, the response to treatment and the prognosis in these cases were comparatively analyzed. Results During the follow-up period, the patients with annular erythema subtype of SCLE showed recurrent annular skin lesions and mild systemic manifestations. Some patients gradually developed sicca symptoms. On the other hand, most patients with papulosquamous subtype of SCLE developed systemic LE manifestions. 21.7％ of the patients in the annular erythema group had mild nephritis which could be controlled by lower dose of corticosteroids and no patients died. However, 64.7％ of the patients in the papulosquamous group had moderate to severe lupus nephritis, which required higher dose of corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents to control. Among them, One patient died and 3 patients developed uremia. Conclusion Annular erythema subtype of SCLE is milder and has a better prognosis than that of papulosquamous subtype.

Office blood pressure has been regarded as a gold standard of blood pressure measurements.It is an important indicator of ensurement of correct diagnosis,management of condition and evaluation of prognosis.But limitations of office blood pressure have led to the increasing use of out-of-office blood pressure.Many evidence show that out-of-office blood pressure could more accurately reflex variability of blood pressure and rhythm of blood pressure.Out-of-office blood pressure could diagnose white-coat hypertensives or masked hypertensives without delay,properly determine the need for antihypertensive treatment and decrease risk of developing blood pressure-related complications.

Objective To isolate,culture and identify epidermal stem cells(ESCs).The gene of enhanced green fluorescent protein(eGFP) was introduced via recombinant adeno-associated virus(rAAV) infection into the epidermal stem cells in vitro and the transfection efficiency under various tite of culture was determined. Methods 1.Getting fetal Wistar rats'dissociated single epidermal cells.2.Making laminin and CollagenⅣ the substitution of basal memrane,ESCs were isolated by adhering to murine laminin and CollagenⅣ.3.Epidermal stem cells were cultured in twenty-four-well plate,and cells number was controled 5?10~4 or so.After epidermal stem cells adhered to plate,diluted rAAV_2/eGFP virus fluid with serum-free medium.The diluted rAAV_2/eGFP virus fluid was added to the twenty-four-well plate according to the different MOI(viru gene/cells).The number of green fluorescence cells were counted under fluorescence microscope.The transfection efficiency was determined. Results 1.ESCs had better adhesive ability to laminin and higher colony formation efficiency(CFE) than that of keratinocytes.2.ESCs wer strongly positive with immunocytochemical staining of integrin ?1 and keration 19(K19).3.After rAAV_2/eGFP genetic transfection of ESCs,the positive cloning expressed highly eGFP gene along with time.Conclusion 1.These results suggest that rats'epidermal stem cells could been successfully isolated and enriched in vitro by means of rapid adherence to laminin and CollagenⅣ.After rAAV_2/eGFP genetic transfection of epidermal stem cells,the positive cloning expressed highly eGFP gene stably along with time.

Background Toric intraocular lens (Toric IOL) is a well accepted method of correct of corneal astigmatism.Axial misalignment,including the error of intraocular lens alignment during surgery and rotation of Toric IOL,is the main barrier to the precise alignment of Toric intraocular lenses.Therefore,the angle of axial misalignment is a main index to evaluate the effectiveness of Toric IOL implantation.Objective The present study is to describe a method of precisely detecting Toric IOL misalignment using postoperative digital photograph.Methods A measuring template (polar coordinates) was constructed using Adobe Photoshop software.Minimum graduate to detect the Toric axis was 1° (maximum error 0.5°).The clinical data of 24 eyes undergone Toric IOL implantation was retrospectively analyzed.Corneal astigmatism was detected by rotating Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam) or slit scan (Orbscan).Digital retro illumination picture was photographed after mydriasis.The picture was analyzed by our derived template.The steepest corneal axis and the axis of Toric IOL were then determined.The misalignment of Toric IOL was determined as the angle between the steepest corneal axis and the axis of Toric IOL.Misalignment of Toric IOL and its distribution were analyzed by statistical means.Results A method using polar coordinates and digital photo to precisely detect Toric IOL misalignment was derived.Mean Toric IOL misalignment was 10.93±6.90 degrees (0-24 degrees) in the 24 cases.The axial misalignment in all of cases were within 25 degrees,including clockwise in 14 eyes(58.33%),anticlockwise in 10 eyes (41.67%).In this study,the misalignment angle of 4 eyes were within 5 degrees;11 eyes were 5 to 10 degrees;1 eye was 10 to 15 degrees;6 eyes were 15 to 20 degrees;2 eyes were 20 to 25 degrees.Conclusion The method is feasible to the direction of Toric IOL misalignment in clinic.

Objective To observe the effect of interventional occlusion for the treatment of residual leak after repaired of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).Methods A total of 23 patients with residual leak after repaired of PDA underwent interventional occlusive procedures.Original operative methods:15 patients performed surgical ligation of PDA,4 patients performed neoplasty under cardiopulmonary bypass,4 patients performed transcatheter occlusion.Twenty-three patients were treated by standard interventional occlusion.The lateral descending aortographies and echocardiography were performed to evaluate the immediate results after occlusion 15 min.Echocardiography was rechecked after occlusion 1 week,1 month to find whether there was residual shunt and recanalization.Results Twenty-three patients per formed aortographies in operation showed residual leak.The mean minimum diameter of the residual leak was 2-8 (3.7 ± 1.4) mm.After occlusion 15 min,heart murmur disappeared,the form of interventional occlusive procedures was better.One patient had little residual leak,22 patients (95.65％,22/23) residual leak disappeared.Aftertreated 1 week,1 month,aortographies and echocardiography showed the form of interventional occlusive procedures was better,all patients had no residual leak.Conclusion Residual leak after repaired of PDA can be treated safely and effectively with interventional occlusive procedures.

ObjectiveTo discuss the effect of surgical procedure and interventional procedure on coronary arterial fistula.Methods The clinical data of 25 cases of coronary arterial fistula were retrospectively analyzed.Seven cases received surgical procedures,18 cases received interventional procedures.ResultsOf the 7 cases with surgical procedures,coronary arterial fistula shunt disappeared in 6 cases after review of echocardiography,coronary arterial aneurysms was found in 1 case who had limited residual flow.Of the 18 cases with interventional procedures,12 cases were completely cured,2 cases had limited residual flow,4 cases did not succeeded.ConclusionsSurgical procedures and interventional procedures on coronary arterial fistula are safe and efficient.The choice of method should be based on the specific situation.

Objective To determine whether exposure to electromagnetic radiation results in behavioral effects of rat pups.Methods Wistar rats,either male or female,were divided randomly into four groups respectively:control(CTR),100 seconds(S1),1000 seconds(S10)and 3000 seconds(S30),then each of them were exposed to electromagnetic radiation of 100 kV/m field amplitude of corresponding time.For the day of exposure till 2 months later.they were mated with the rats in the same group and their offspring were divided into four groups(F-GTB,F-S1,F-S10,F-S30)correspondingly.Behavioral changes occur in 2-month old and 6-month old rat pups were found between radiation groups and control,and in Y-maze test,beth male and female pups in F-S10 significantly learned fewer times than their control(total study times:male 14.6±3.9 vs 21.1±7.8,female13.4±3.0 vs 25.8±8.8;false times:male 3.5±2.4 vs 7.8±5.4,female 3.4±2.6 vs 11.0±7.2).In open field test,both maze,male pups in F-S1 and F-S30 learned more times than control in total study time(24.2±8.9 vs 14.1±5.2.30.7±12.4 vs 14.1±5.2).In step throush test and open field test,no significant differences were found between radiation groups and control.Conclusion There was significant genetic effect exposed to electromagnetic radiation of 100 kV/m,mainly manifested in rat pups in growth period but without long-term effect.

Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical