BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that conversion from cyclosporine A (CsA) to tacrolimus (FK 506)-based regimen can improve renal allograft function and survival rate. But little is known about whether the conversion from CsA to tacrolimus(FK 506) plus mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)-based regimen exhibits the same or similar clinical efficacy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of converting CsA to FK506 plus MMF in treatment of different types of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An observational and controlled trial was performed at the Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University from January 2005 to October 2007. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen-nine enrolled patients received CsA-based regimen after renal allografting. Following pathological confirm and typing, all patients were assigned to two groups: CAN with chronic rejection (CR, n = 31) and CAN without chronic rejection (non-CR, n = 28). FK 56 was purchased from Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Japan. MMF was sourced from Shanghai Roche Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China. METHODS: When patients were diagnosed CAN, the CsA regimen was conversed to FK506 plus MMF regimen. FK506 initiated at a dose of 0.08 mg/kg per day and then was adjusted to achieve steady-state whole blood trough levels of approximately 5-8 μg/L. MMF was used at a fixed dosage, 1.0 g/d, twice a day, only if relative adverse events occurred. All patients were followed up at least 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum creatinine(Scr), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), 24-h proteinuria, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and complications. RESULTS: All initial 59 patients were included in the final analysis. At 6 months after regimen conversion, the levels of Scr, TC, TG, LDL, and 24-hour proteinuria were significantly reduced in non-CR, in particular CR, groups, compared with prior to conversion (P< 0.05). GFR was markedly increased in both the CR and non-CR groups (P< 0.05). In the CR group, 20 patients obtained improved results, 7 got stable results, and 4 showed ineffective results. The effective rate of regimen conversion was 64.5% and 32.1% in the CR and non-CR groups, respectively, and significant difference existed between the two groups (P < 0.05). Compared with prior to conversion, the incidence of hypertension and hyperlipemia was significantly decreased after regimen conversion (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in diabetes mellitus, opportunistic infection, and malignancy between prior to and after regimen conversion. CONCLUSION: FK506 plus MMF-based regimen can markedly improve the function of renal graft of CAN, in particular CR, patients.

Objective To design a new type of hybrid bioartificial liver (HBAL), evaluate its efficacy in vitro, and explore the feasibility in clinical application.Methods CL-1 human hepatocytes were cultured on microcarriers for 5 days, when cell count reached about 4.0 × 109 with cell density of about 4.0 × 107/ml.CL-1 cells cultured on microcarriers in home-made bioreactor constitute the biological part of the HBAL.The abiotic part included blood perfusion and bilirubin adsorption, and blood pump was employed as the circulation driver, which were parts of HBAL.The changes of the concentrations of indirect bilirubin (UBD), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCD), cholic acid (CA), blood ammonia (AA), AST, ALT and LDH were observed under the condition of in vitro circulation.Meanwhile, the function, morphology and the cell activity of CL-1 cells were also observed.Results After in vitro circulation for 24 h, the concentrations of UBD, CDCD, CA and AA significantly decreased from (335.3 ± 6.0) μmol/L, (395.0 ± 5.6) μmol/L, (155.7 ± 4.5) μmol/L, (39.0 ± 2.6) μmol/L at 0 h to (106.0 ± 10.9) μmol/L, (131.8 ± 28.7) μmol/L, (42.2 ± 7.3) μmol/L, (3.5 ± 1.0) μmol/L, respectively.At 48 h, ALT, AST and LDH significantly increased from (25.9 ± 4.2) IU/L, (22.0 ± 3.6) IU/L, (0.28 ± 0.09) μmol/L to (31.0 ± 2.6) IU/L,(31.6 ± 8.0) IU/L, (0.41 ± 0.12) μmol/L, meanwhile the count and vitality of CL-1 cells were significant declined.Conclusions (1) In the new HBAL system, CL-1 cells can keep its viability and function in vitro;and (2) the HBAL appears to be effective in purifying the serum in liver failure simulation model by clearing out non-conjugated bilirubin, chenodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid and ammonium chloride, which seems to be a promising therapeutic option.

This study is to investigate the binding capability of lidamycin apoprotein (LDP), an enediyne-associated apoprotein of the chromoprotein antitumor antibiotic family, to human breast cancer and normal tissues, the correlation of LDP binding capability to human breast cancer tissues and the expression of tumor therapeutic targets such as VEGF and HER2. In this study, the binding capability of LDP to human breast cancer tissues was detected with tissue microarray. The correlation study of LDP binding capability to human breast tumor tissues and relevant therapeutic targets was performed on breast cancer tissue microarrays. Immunocytochemical examination was used to detect the binding capability of LDP to human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells. As a result, tissue microarray showed that LDP staining of 73.2% (30/41) of breast cancer tissues was positive, whereas that of 48.3% (15/31) of the adjacent normal breast specimens was positive. The difference between the tumor and normal samples was significant (Chi2 = 4.63, P < 0.05). LDP immunoreactivity in breast cancer correlated significantly with the overexpression of VEGF and HER2 (P < 0.001 and < 0.01, r = 0.389 and 0.287, respectively). Determined with confocal immunofluorescent analysis, LDP showed the binding capability to mammary carcinoma MCF-7 cells. It is demonstrated that LDP can bind to human breast cancer tissues and there is significant difference between the breast cancer tissues and the corresponding normal tissues. Notably, the binding reactivity shows positive correlation with the expression of VEGF and HER2 in breast carcinoma tissues. The results imply that LDP may have a potential use as targeting drug carrier in the research and development of new anticancer therapeutics. This study may provide reference for drug combination of LDM and other therapeutic agents.

Forensic Medicine ; Formaldehyde

Objective To observe the analgesia effects of ropivacaine with sufentanil or dezocine on continuous femoral nerve block (FNB)after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods Sixty un-dergoing selective unilateral TKA patients,received postoperative analgesia with continuous FNB for 48 hours,were randomly divided into three groups according to the drug formulations:0.225% ropiv-acaine (group R),0.1 5% ropivacaine mixed dezocine 10 mg (group D),and 0.1 5% ropivacaine mixed sufentanil 1 μg/kg (group S);the visual analogue scale (VAS)in resting state (RVAS), active functional exercise state (AVAS),passive functional exercise state (PVAS)were recorded at 1,3,7 d after surgery.The other analgesics dosage and the incidence of nausea and vomiting and other complications were recorded.Results Compared with preoperative state,the RVAS scores in three groups were significantly lower at 1,3,7 d after surgery,the PVAS scores were significantly lower at 7 d after surgery (P <0.05).Compared with group R,the RVAS scores were significantly higher ei-ther in groups S or D at the 3 d postoperatively (P <0.05).There were no significantly difference in adverse reaction among three groups.Conclusion Ropivacaine combined with sufentanil or dezocine through continuous FNB can provide a effectual postoperative analgesia in TKA patients without an increase in adverse events.But compared to 0.225% ropivacaine,0.1 5% ropivacaine with sufentanil or dezocine may not keep a longer analgesia duration,this is more obvious observed in dezocine group.

Objective To identify the species classification of an ornamental Planorbidae from a flower market in Shanghai and analyze its potential distribution in China. Methods In August 2013,six freshwater snail specimens were collected from the Wanshang flower market. The species was identified by morphology and molecular biology. An ecological niche model was constructed based on the native geographic presence occurrence data,and projected onto the whole of China to predict the poten?tial distribution. Results Their shell external morphology suggested that the specimens belonged to Planorbella trivolvis(Say 1817)of Planorbidae,which is native in North America. The sequence data of a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxi?dase subunit I(COI)confirmed its identification. A total of 2 294 georeferenced occurrence points in North America were car?ried out from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility databases and 614 records with coordinates were used to produce a North American native niche model by a maximum entropy method(Maxent). The projection on China results suggested high probabilities of occurrence mostly in Henan Province and its borderland with nearby provinces. Conclusions P. trivolvis is sim?ilarly with Biomphalaria species from shell morphology. It is the first records of the species in China,and the field dispersal is not clear.

BACKGROUND:It has a variety of treatments for equinovarus in spastic cerebral palsy, including physical therapy, orthotic therapy, systemic anti-spasticity drug therapy, local intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin type A and a variety of surgical operations. These treatments aim at different severity of deformities and different age in children patients, and each has its own merits. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Achiles tendon “Z”-type extension, tibialis anterior and posterior transfer combined with tendon transposition to treat equinovarus in spastic cerebral palsy. METHODS: Twenty-two children with spastic cerebral palsy combined with equinovarus were colected from 2012 to 2014, and then these children were subject to Achiles tendon “Z”-type extension, tibialis anterior and posterior transfer combined with tendon transposition. Postoperative plaster external fixation was done for 6 weeks, and then rehabilitation training was given. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al the 22 patients were folowed for an average of 1-2 years, and then were evaluated according to the degree of patient’s satisfaction and the degree of foot deformity. Satisfactory results were obtained from al the patients. Achiles tendon “Z”-type extension, tibialis anterior and posterior transfer combined with tendon transposition to treat spastic cerebral palsy combined with equinovarus is a good method, and it is characterized as good appearance of the ankle and favorable foot function.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of network ethics among the college students , to pro-vide evidence for cultivating correct network ethics .Methods:A survey was conducted in 1200 students with a self-designed questionnaire .Results:College students in the network ethics exist conflicts .They eager to trust but face a crisis of confidence , tool enhancements but responsibility fall , network security but network open , virtual but reality.Conclusion:The government should strengthen the network legislation and network credit system , should increase the development of network security technology so as to build networks ethical norms .Colleges should pay attention to culture the social responsibility , and promote the quality level of network ethics among the college students .

Objective To develop a method of quality control for fingerprints of Xinshu Oral Liquid. Methods Based on electrophoregram of ten batches of genuine Radix Angelicae Sinensis (RAS), ten batches of genuine Rhizoma Chuanxiong (RC), and ten batches of genuine Flos Carthami (FC) by high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) to compare the fingerprints between Xinshu Oral Liquid and the genuine medicinal herbs, single herb decoction, nagetive control herb solution, respectively. The fingerprint assignment was made by comparing the UV spectra and relative migration time. Results To compare the fingerprints of ten samples from different batches and single herb, the correlation of peaks between fingerprings was found. Finally the standard fingerprints and the method of quality control were established. Conclusion Based on the fingerprints of ten batches of prearations, an average electro-phoregram was used as the standard fingerprint. There are 27 “common peaks” in the fingerprint, among them 14 from RAS, ten from RC (in which seven are commnon) and nine from FC.

Objective To construct the eukaryotic expression plasmid of pEGFPC1uPAR gene and explore the effect on the proliferation and invasion ability of Pam 212 cells. Methods The human uPAR cDNA was cloned by PCR, and inserted into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pEGFPC1. After identification of sequencing, the reconstructive plasmid was transformed transiently into Pam 212 cells, then the cell growth and the invasion ability were evaluated. Results The reconstructive plasmid of pEGFPC1uPAR was validated by sequencing. The reconstructive plasmid can promote the growth of Pam 212 cells and enhance the invasion ability. Conclusion The pEGFPC1uPAR plasmid was constructed successfully and uPAR was confirmed to promote the growth and the invasion ability of Pam 212 cells, which lay the foundation for further studies of uPAR in vivo.