The new drug of Chinese herbal prescription, which is the best carrier for the syndrome differentiation and treatment of Chinese medicine and is the main form of the new drug research and development, plays a very important role in the new drug research and development. Although there are many sources of the prescriptions, whether it can become a new drug, the necessity, rationality and science of the prescriptions are the key to develop the new drug. In this article, aiming at the key issues in prescriptions design, the source, classification, composition design of new drug of Chinese herbal prescriptions are discussed, and provide a useful reference for research and development of new drugs.
Drug Design ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Humans

Background Trans-arachidonic acids (TAAs) are specific lipid markers of nitrative stress and the major products of NO2·-mediated ismoerization of aracchidonic acid(AA),and they represent a possible new mechanism of NO2·-induced toxicity in ischemic retinopathy.Our previous study demonstrated that high glucose induce nitrative stress response. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrative stress on retinal capillary in diabetic rats by detecting the TAAs with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC/MS).Methods One hundred 2-week-old clean male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and diabetic group.Diabetic rat models were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozoticin of 60 mg/kg,and the successful models were identified as the blood glucose level>16.7 mmol/L.The synthesis method was modified in this study andaraehidonic acid w8$utilized as starting material.14E-AA was obtained as a standard sample via expoxidation and deoxidation in a safe and practical pattern.Serum TAAs and AA in diabetic rats were detected by GC/MS in 2,4,8,12 and 16 weeks after injection of streptozoticin.The ratio of peak area of TAAs to AA with selected ion of 79 was estimated and compared with normal rats. Results Fifty rats had been in Diabetic models were established in 50 rats with the successful rate 100%,and the high blood glucose level in model rats retained throughout the experimental duration.GC/MS results showed that the 14E-AA was obtained with the purity of 97.3%,which provided a standard sample to nitrative stress-related research as a premise. No significant differences were found in serum TAAs/AA values at 2 weeks and 4 weeks between model group and control group (t =-0. 376, t =-0. 642,P>0. 05). However,serum TAAs/AA values in at 8,12 and 16 weeks after streptozoticin injection were considerably elevated in comparison with those of control group (0. 0832 vs 0. 1042,0. 0910 vs 0. 1568, 0. 1100 vs 0. 1895;t=-36.409,t=-166.714,t=-148.212,P<0. 05). Conclusion Elevation of serum TAAs/AA is associated with diabetic duration,implying that damage of nitrative stress to retinal capillary is a parallel procedure to diabetic course.Establishment of GC/MS detection system offers a new evaluating indicator in the research on microvascular ischemic disease and could be implemented in clinical testing.

Remaining organic and functional damage of ischemia cardio-cerebrovascular disease is always a main trouble puzzling the clinicians. After the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), researchers realize that postnatal angiogenesis is an important biological process, which play a key role to repair the ischemia tissue and improve the function. So a new concept which names therapeutic angiogenesis supply a new treament way for the ischemia cardio-cerebrovascular disease. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has accumulated rich experience on treating the ischemia disease, studies found that many Chinese medicine prescriptions and effective ingredients can increase the therapeutic angiogenesis, howerer the mechanisms were not the same, they mainly manifest in regular the secretion of angiogenic factors, increase the proliferation and differentiation etc. In this paper, we review recent studies, summary the Chinese medicine prescriptions and effective ingredients which can increase the therapeutic angiogenesis, and analyze the differernt pathway. We view to provide reference for the later researchers.
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans

After testing the resistance of Streptomycin to the strain NS-41-80 which is the Meilingmycin producer- Streptomyces nanchangensis , a lot of streptomycin-resistant ( str ) mutants were screened after the spores regenerated on the lethal media when they were treated with 4 different dosage of super-mutagent EMS. We have abtained the high-yield strain 80-5. 11-221 from these str mutants which only produces Meilingmycin and no Nanchangmycin in the rotation-flask experiments. The productivity of 80-5. 11-221 is 1521?g/mL 77. 9% higher than CK's 855?g/mL. After the shake flask fermentation experiment of 80-5. 11-221 for six generations, the productivity of F 2 and F 3 is stable and the productivity of F 4?F 5?F 6 decreases hastily with the increment of generations. It was showed that the chemical-resistance mutation of the strains had closely relation with yield mutation and the EMS dosage of the yield mutation was higher than the resistance-chemical mutation's through the statistical analysis between the dosage of mutation and the chemical-resistance mutational frequency?the variate capacity of the mutants' yield. A model of the resistance-chemical mutational labelling rational selection of the strain producing Meilingmycin was established.

OBJECTIVETo establish the "clinical-mimetic" Chinese medicine symptom complex score method for the coronary heart disease Chinese miniature swine model with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome, in order to observe the effect of formula of removing both phlegm and blood stasis (TYTZ) on the Chinese medicine symptom complex score for the coronary heart disease Chinese miniature swine model with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome.

METHODTotally 36 Chinese miniature swine were randomly divided to the normal control group, the model group, the Shujiangzhi group, and TYTZ groups with doses of 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 g x kg(-1), with six in each group. Except for the normal control group, all of the other groups were fed with high fat diet for two weeks. The coronary heart disease model with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome was established by injuring left anterior descending artery with interventional balloons and continuously feeding with high fat diet for eight weeks. After the operation, the groups were administered with drugs for eight weeks. Their main symptoms, accompanied symptoms, tongue and pulse signs of the coronary heart disease Chinese miniature swine with phlengm-stasis cementation syndrome were observed according to the symptom-graded scoring method.

RESULTCompared with the model group, TYTZ in different doses could reduce the scores of main symptoms at the 6th and 10th week. Specifically, TYTZ in low dose could reduce the scores of tongue at the 6th week and the scores of accompanied symptoms, and tongue and pulse signs at the 10th week; And TYTZ in high dose could decrease all symptom scores at the 6th and 10th week (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONTYTZ can improve the scores of the main symptoms, accompanied symptoms, tongue and pulse signs in coronary heart disease Chinese miniature swine with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome. It is suggested that the "clinical-mimetic" objective scoring for syndromes of Chinese miniature swine is of great significant to the development of new traditional Chinese medicine drugs.

Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature

OBJECTIVETo discuss that pathogenesis evolvement regularity of Chinese miniature swine with phlege-stasis cementation syndrome of coronary heart disease.

METHODEighteen Chinese miniature swine were randomly divided to the normal control group, the model group and the Danlou tablet group, with six swine in each group. Except for the normal control group, all of the other groups were fed with high fat diet for two weeks. The coronary heart disease model with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome was established by injuring left anterior descending artery with interventional balloons and continuously feeding with high fat diet for eight weeks. The levels of BMI, hemorheological parameters, lipids in serum and inflammatory cytokines were observed at the 0th (before the experiment), 2nd (before operation or drug administration), 6th (four weeks after drug administration) and 10th week (eight weeks after drug administration) of study. The levels of TG and TC in liver and the pathological changes in coronary artery tissues were also observed at the end of study.

RESULTCompared with the normal control group, the model group had showed significant increase in the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C in serum (P < 0.01) from the second week to the end of the experiment, with notable rise in the whole blood viscosity under the shear rates of 5 s(-1) and 60 s(-1). At the 6th week, the levels of BMI and TG and TNF-alpha in serum significantly increased. At the 10th week, the levels of BMI and hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in serum significantly increased as well, with remarkable increase in coronary stenosis, intimal thickness and the ratio between intimal thickness and media thickness (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), and significant rise in TC and TG in livers (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the Danlou tablet group showed obvious reduction in severity of coronary artery lesion, intimal thickness and lumen stenosis ratio and ratio between intimal thickness and media thickness (P < 0.01), BMI, TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C in serum, TC and TG in liver, as well as hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels in serum (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), with notable decline in the whole blood viscosity under the shear rates of 5 s(-1) and 60 s(-1).

CONCLUSIONThe interaction of phlegm, blood stasis and toxin syndromes helps promote the progress and development of AS plaques, which is the key pathogenesis of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome in coronary heart disease.

Animals ; Body Weight ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; physiopathology ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Inflammation Mediators ; metabolism ; Lipids ; blood ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature

There have been very few studies on the effect of Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with Xuefu Zhuyu decoction in inhibiting apoptosis in myocardial ischemial injury caused by coronary heart disease. In this experiment, Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with-Xuefu Zhuyu decoction were used to intervene the miniature swine phlegm and blood stasis type coronary heart disease model, in order to observe the effect of the combined prescription on the myocardial apoptosis and the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-9 in the model. Totally 15 Chinese experimental miniature swine were adopted and randomly divided into the control group, the model group and the phlegm and stasis-treating group. The model group and the stasis-treating group were fed with high fat diets for two weeks, intervened with the coronary artery injury and then given drugs and high fat diets for eight weeks. The control group was fed with ordinary diets for 10 weeks, without the coronary artery injury. After the experiment, myocardia at the juncture of infracted areas were collected and made into formalin-fixed paraffin sections. The TDT-mediate dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to detect the myocardial apoptosis. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique was applied to detect Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-9 levels in myocardial tissues. According to the findings, the apoptosis indexes (AI) for the control group, the model group and the phlegm and stasis-treating group were 0.92%, 27.68%, 17.28%, respectively. The AI of the phlegm and stasis-treating group was significantly lower than that of the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the phlegm and stasis-treating group showed significantly higher Bcl-2 protein expression (P < 0.01) and lower Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 protein expressions (P < 0.01). In conclusion, Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with Xuefu Zhuyu decoction have a significant protective effect against the myocardial apoptosis in miniature swine phlegm and blood stasis type coronary heart disease model.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspases ; metabolism ; Coronary Disease ; drug therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Phytotherapy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; analysis

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of a single posterior translaminal or transforaminal debridement and internal fixation with bone graft for the treatment of lumbosacral regional spinal tuberculosis. Methods From January 2004 to October 2009, 32 patients with lumbosacral regional spinal tuberculosis were treated by a single posterior debridement and internal fixation with bone graft, including 21 males and 11 females with the mean age of 46 years (range, 32-65). The lesions located: 3 in L3,4, 19 in L4,5, 10 in L5S1. 20 cases were pedormed operation via translaminal approach, 12 via transforaminal approach. The modified Prolo scale, visual analogue scale (VAS), kyphosis angle and the vertebral body loss were measured before and after surgery, and in the final follow-up. Results All the patients were followed up for average 16 months (range, 12-24). The pre-, postoperative and final follow-up mean kyphosis angle were -24.3°,-34.8°, and -32.4° in the translaminal group, -25.4°, -35.2°, and 33.6° in the transforaminal group,respectively. According to the modified Prolo scale, the excellent and good result was 93.8%. VAS decreased significantly from 7.6 points to 2.9 after surgery. Conclusion Debridement and internal fixation with bone graft via a single posterior approach for the treatment of lumbosacral regional spinal tuberculosis was an easy and effective technique. The appropriate selection of indications, careful imaging evaluation and thorough surgical debridement played an important role in the treatment of lumbosacral regional spinal tuberculosis.

After testing the resistance of streptomycin to NS-41-80 Streptomyces Nanchangensis NS-41-80, the spores treated with 4 different dosage of super-mutagent EMS were regenerated on the lethal media, thus 3,000 streptomycin-resistant ( str ) str mutants were obtained. Then 202 spore mutants were screened through the pre-screening experiments and their yields are beyond 20% higher than the original strains respectively. In the re-screening experiments 48, 7 and 1 mutants were obtained whose yields are 100%, 200% and 300% higher than the original strains respectively and take the precentage of 23.76% and 1.60%, 3.46% and 0.23% and 0.5% and 0.03% of the number of the pre-screened strains and the rescreened strains respectively. Then 5 mutants were fermented whose yields are above 240% higher and the original strain through the continuous 3 batches fermentation, the yields are 57%～96.4% more than the original strains. Among them the yield of 80-5.3-165 is upwards of 6,000?g/mL and its norm is 5,855?g/mL. And a model of the streptomycin-resistance mutational screening of the strain producing Nanchangmycin was established.

Objective To analyze the cause of delayed hemorrhage after minimally invasive percu- taneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL),and to summarize the experience in the interventional treatment of severe bleeding after MPCNL by superselective arteriolar embolization.Methods The clinical data of 3812 cases of MPCNL from June 1998 to July 2004 were reviewed.Of them,12 patients(11 men and 1 woman;mean age,45 years)who developed severe hemorrhage after MPCNL were identified.The cause of hemorrhage and the treatment results were analyzed.Results The rate of delayed hemorrhage after MPCNL was 0.31% (12/3812).The mean time to onset of severe bleeding was 10 d after MPCNL.Renal arteriography was per- formed in all 12 patients,showing 5 arteriovenous fistulas and 7 false aneurysms.Superselective arteriolar em- bolization for hemostasis was performed in all 12 cases.All these vascular abnormalities were successfully treated by superselective embolization.Follow-up showed that the hematuria disappeared and renal function recovered well.Conclusions Severe hemorrhage following MPCNL is a rare complication,the incidence of which is significantly lower than that of conventional PCNL.The cause is mainly the arteriolar injury of re- nal puncture passage.Superselective embolization provides effective control of bleeding and currently consti- tutes the treatment of choice based on our experience.