Objective To discuss the diagnosis of refractory epilepsy (RE) in children, and to study the association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of muhidrug-resistance gene (MDR1) C3435T with pharmaco- resistant epilepsy. Methods Four hundred children with epilepsy were retrospectively or prospectively identified from multiple sources in our hospital in Shanghai and were followed-up for the occurrence of refractory epilepsy. The clinical features of RE regarding age at onset, gender, seizure type, electroencephalogram, neuroimaging, development of central nervous system, etiology and prognosis etcetera were investigated. DNA samples were obtained from 132 patients with epilepsy (70 RE and 62 responsive epilepsy) and 62 health children by DNA extraction kit. Genotype of the C3435T polymorphism was determined by DNA sequence analysis after traditional polymerase chain reaction. The frequency of genotypes and alleles among the three groups was compared by Chi-square test. Results Eighty-three (20.8%) out of total 400 patients were RE. Among them 65 (78.3%) patients failed at least 2 drugs in six months. Forty-two (50.6%) were administered at least 3 drugs on the last follow-up. Medical treatment showed remarkable effective in 6 (7.2%) RE patients, effective in 40 RE patients (48.2%). No effectiveness was seen in another 37 (44.6%) RE patients, however 25 out of 37 presented symptomatic alleviation. Significant difference in genotype (CC, CT, Tr) frequency was neither found between RE and responsive epilepsy patients nor between RE patients and healthy controls. No association between the C3435T polymorphism in the human MDR1 gene and refractory epilepsy was found by logistic analysis. Conclusions Refractory epilepsy could be diagnosed in 6 months after being treated with anti-epilepsy drugs (AEDs) in children with average attack once per month at least and failed more than 2 AEDs. Multiple AEDs were necessary for treatment. No association between the C3435T polymorphism in the human MDR1 gene and refractory epilepsy was found by logistic analysis in this study.

Objective To study the predictive value for adverse cardiac events (ACE) of left ventricular diastolic function measured by G-MPI. Methods Patients assessed by 2 days rest-stressed G-MPI during March 2012 to May 2013 in Beijing Hospital were collected and observed for the cumulative survival rate without ACE after G-MPI. ACE included cardiac death, non-fatal MI and late revascularization (60 d after the examination). Using quantitative gated SPECT (QGS) to get the LVEF and left ventricular peak filling rate (PFR). Using 17 segments, 5-point scoring system to get the summed stress score (SSS). Cox regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors for ACE, and Kaplan-Meier method was used to investigate the cumulative survival rate without ACE.χ2 test was also used. Results A total of 11 patients who underwent early revascularization (within 60 d after G-MPI) were excluded and 139 patients (76 males, 63 females; average age 68.73 years) were assigned to different groups for outcome analysis, and 9 (6.5%, 9/139) patients had ACE in the whole group. Cox regression analysis showed that SSS, LVEF, PFR were the independent predictors for ACE (all P<0.05). Patients with PFR<2.1 EDV/s had a higher incidence of ACE than those with PFR≥2.1 EDV/s (14.3%(7/49) vs 2.2%(2/90), χ2=7.63, P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the cumulative survival rate without ACE was lower in patients with PFR<2.1 EDV/s than that in patients with PFR≥2.1 EDV/s (67.7% vs 95.0%), and lower in patients with LVEF<50% than that in patients with LVEF≥50%(32.0% vs 90.8%), and also lower in patients with SSS≥8 than those with SSS<8(62.0% vs 94.7%; χ2 values: 11.92,11.27, 10.40, all P<0.01).Combining PFR with SSS and LVEF respectively, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the cumulative survival rate without ACE in patients with LVEF≥50% was higher than that in patients with LVEF<50% when PFR<2.1 EDV/s (76.7% vs 30.8%), and also higher in patients with SSS<8 than that in patients with SSS≥8 when PFR≥2.1 EDV/s (100% vs 72.2%; χ2 values: 7.14, 13.09, both P<0.01). Conclusion PFR of left ventricular diastolic function measured by G-MPI is one of the independent predictors for ACE, and it could effectively improve the predictive value for ACE if combined with LVEF and SSS.

Objective To study the relation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in serum and tumor necrosis fac- tor-?in serum and amniotic fluid in predicting ehorioamnhionitis in patients with premature rupture of membranes (PROM).Methods The levels of MMP-9 in serum and TNF-?in serum and amniotie fluid were measured by ra- dioimmunoassay and ELISA in 67 cases with premature rupture of membranes as study group and 40 cases normal full-termed pregnant women as controls group.Results(1)The levels of TNF-?in amniotie fluid and MMP-9 in serum in study group were significantly higher than those in controls group(P0.05).(2)In study group,the levels of MMP-9 of serum in0.05).Conclusions The levels of TNF-?in amniotic fluid and MMP-9 in serum were valuable clinical indices for identification of chorioamnionitis in patients with PROM.The levels of MMP-9 in serum also could assess the time of rupture of membranes and the degree of ehorioamnionitis.

Bovine theileriosis is a tick-borne disease that is hampering the development of the domestic cattle industry in northern China. This study involved a molecular survey of bovine Theileria species in 137 blood samples from cattle in the Jilin province of China. The DNA samples were screened by species-specific 18S rRNA PCR. Results revealed that 19.7% (27/137), 17.5% (24/137) and 10.9% (15/137) were found to be infected with Theileria sinensis, Theileria orientalis, respectively. Mixed infection was found in 8.8% (12/137). The overall detection rates of Baishan, Yanji, Jilin and Liaoyuan districts was 60.0%, 17.5%, 5.3% and 0%, respectively. There is little information on the detection and distribution of bovine Theileria species in northern China. Therefore, this study provides important data for understanding the epidemiology of Theileria species and designing appropriate approaches for the diagnosis and control of bovine theileriosis in northern China.

To study the correlation between acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and HLA-A, B and DRB1 gene in southern Chinese Han population and to investigate the susceptible HLA gene to ALL, a total of 4707 healthy volunteer bone marrow donors from southern Chinese Han population were used as a control group, 201 patients diagnosed as patient group from southern Han individuals were genotyped at HLA-A, B and DRB1 loci by PCR-SSP, PCR-SSOP and SBT. HLA allele frequency and its distribution of ALL patient group were compared with the control group by using chi(2) test, and calculated the statistic value of relative risk (RR), pathogenicity score (EF) and preventive score (PF). The results showed that in comparison with the control group, the gene frequence of HLA-A26, B56 and DR9 increased significantly, but the gene frequence of HLA-A30, A33 and B58 allele frequency decreased significantly for patients with ALL. It is concluded that HLA-A26, B56 and DR9 gene have a high correlation with ALL and seem to contribute the genetic susceptibility to ALL in southern Chinese Han populations. However, HLA-A30, A33 and B58 gene seem to have protective role for southern Han individuals suffered from ALL.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; ethnology ; HLA-A Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-B Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DR Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; ethnology ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the changes of the copy numbers of mtDNA in peripheral blood mono-nucle- ar cell(PBMC) and the disordered of antioxidant capacity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.

METHODSThe Ficoll Hypaque method was used to isolate the PBMC from blood specimens. The ND1 gene of the mitochondrial was amplified by real-time PCR; meantime β-actin was served as a quantitative standard marker; the difference of mtDNA copy number in PBMC was compared between HCC and healthy control group. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PBMC was determined by flow cytometry. The change of total antioxidant capacity (T- AOC) of plasma was detected by the biochemistry examination.

RESULTSThe copy numbers of ND1 gene in PBMC of HCC was 73% that of the healthy control group,which suggested a decrease of the copy numbers of mtDNA in HCC. The levels of ROS of PBMC in HCC was (417. 82 ± 110.62) and (301.82 ± 75.54) in control group, which showed that the levels of ROS of PBMC in HCC were significant higher than that in control group (P < 0.01).Plasma T-AOC in HCC was (1.30 ± 0.85), and (3.20 ± 1.62) in control. The T-AOC of plasma of HCC was significantly lower than in control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThere was a certain relationship between the decrease of the copy numbers of mtDNA and the disordered antioxidant capacity in hepatocellular carcinoma, which may be associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Actins ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; genetics ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

Objective To construct the molecular transmission networks of HIV-1 CRF01 AE strains circulating in China and to analyze their characteristics. Methods Sequences of the pol genes of Chinese CRF01 AE strains were downloaded from Los Alamos database and the related demographic informa-tion was checked. Transmission networks were created by four steps,including phylogenetic tree construc-tion,transmission cluster extraction,minimum genetic distance identification and network visualization. Chi-square test was performed to analyze the differences in the distribution of different populations in the networks and the differences in the distribution of subjects with different degrees among different sub-populations. De-scriptive analysis was used to investigate the transmission links between sub-populations and various regions. Results The 2 419 sequences constituted 250 separate networks including 847 nodes and 610 edges. The number of subjects covered by different networks ranged from 2 to 25. Subjects with degree ≥2 represented only 26. 4%(224 / 847)of network-individuals,but were connected with 66. 5%(563 / 847)of all network-individuals. There were 37. 6%(669 / 1 781)of men who have sex with men(MSM),28. 4%(102 / 359) of heterosexual men,16. 1%(10 / 62)of intravenous drug users(IDUs)and 30. 4%(66 / 217)of hetero-sexual women involved in the networks(χ2 =23. 774,P﹤0. 001). The percentage of subjects with degree ≥2 was high in MSM(10. 8% ,193 / 1 781)compared to that in heterosexual men(5. 6% ,20 / 359)(P =0. 002)and heterosexual women(4. 6% ,10 / 217)(P=0. 004). Of the 669 MSM in the networks,95. 5%(639 / 669)linked to other MSM and only 2. 4% (16 / 669)linked to heterosexual women. However, 15. 1%(10 / 66)of the heterosexual women in the networks linked to MSM. Of the heterosexual men in the networks,35. 3%(36 / 102)linked to heterosexual women,9. 8%(10 / 102)linked to MSM. Of the sub-jects in the networks,20. 9%(177 / 847)linked to other regions' individuals. Conclusion The super-spreaders played an important role in the molecular transmission networks of HIV-1 CRF01 AE strains even though they were in a minority. The transmission of HIV-1 CRF01 AE strains between sub-populations and various regions was complicated and active.

Background::After neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), non-pathological complete response of breast cancer patients can benefit from tailored adjuvant chemotherapy. However, it is difficult to select patients with poorer prognosis for additional adjuvant chemotherapy to maximize the benefits. Our study aimed to explore whether the subtypes of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in residual tumors (RT) is related to the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) after NAC.Methods::Data from patients with primary TNBC consecutively diagnosed at the Breast Disease Center of Peking University First Hospital from 2008 to 2014 were retrieved, and the cases with RT in the breast after NAC were enrolled. TILs subtypes in RT were observed by double-staining immunohistochemistry, and counted with the median TILs value per square millimeter as the cut-off to define high versus low TILs density in each subtype. The relationships between the TIL density of each subgroup and the clinicopathological characteristics of the RT after NAC patients were analyzed by Fisher exact test. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank statistics.Results::A total of 37 eligible patients were included in this study, and the median follow-up period was 50 months (range 17–106 months). There was no significant correlation between the infiltrate density of CD4 +, CD8 +, CD20 +, and CD68 + lymphocytes and clinic-pathological characteristics. Significantly better prognosis was observed in patients with high CD4 +-TILs (DFS: P = 0.005, OS: P = 0.021) and high CD8 +-TILs (DFS: P = 0.018) and low CD20 +-TILs (OS: P = 0.042). Further analysis showed that patients with CD4 +/CD20 + ratio greater than 1 (DFS: P = 0.001, OS: P = 0.002) or CD8 +/CD20 + ratio greater than 1 (DFS: P = 0.009, OS: P = 0.022) had a better prognosis. Conclusions::Subtypes of TILs in RT is a potential predictive biomarker of survival in TNBC patients after NAC.

Purpose To explore the diagnostic value of beak sign in fetal annular pancreas by analyzing the ultrasonographic features of fetal annular pancreas.Materials and Methods The ultrasound images and clinical data of 13 cases of fetal annular pancreas diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound in Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital from September 2019 to December 2021 and confirmed by surgery after birth were retrospectively analyzed.The degree of duodenal stenosis at the obstruction site was observed,especially whether the angle formed by the intestinal wall could identify the fetal annular pancreas,and the ultrasonic characteristics were summarized and analyzed.Results A total of 13 fetuses with annular pancreas showed double bubble sign,3 cases showed clamp sign,and 7 cases showed beak sign at the end of duodenal dilatation.All the 13 cases underwent surgical treatment after birth,including 2 cases with duodenal atresia and 1 case with atypical intestinal malrotation.All the children had good prognosis after operation.Conclusion By observing the dilated end of duodenum and the relationship with pancreatic head,prenatal ultrasound combined with beak sign and double bubble sign could improve the diagnostic accuracy of fetal annular pancreas,which has significant value in prenatal diagnosis of fetal annular pancreas.

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of inhibitor-1 of DNA binding/differentiation-1 (Id-1) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) genes in mucoepidermoid carcinoma of different malignant degree and analyze the relationship between them.

METHODSUsing immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining technique, TSP-1 and Id-1 proteins in the mucoepidermoid carcinoma of different malignant degree, including well-differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and normal salivary gland tissues were detected.

RESULTSThe positive rate of Id-1 and TSP-1 in normal salivary glands were apparently lower than that in malignant mucoepidermoid carcinoma(P = 0.000, P = 0.013). The positive rate of Id-1 in moderately and poorly differentiated mucoepidermoid carcinoma was higher than that of the well-differentiated (P = 0.001, P = 0.002). However, the positive expression of Id-1 showed no relationship between the moderately and poorly differentiated mucoepidermoid carcinoma(P > 0.05). The positive rate of TSP-1 in poorly differentiated mucoepidermoid carcinoma was less than that of the well-differentiated(P = 0.014). The positive expression of TSP-1 showed no relationship between the moderately and poorly differentiated mucoepidermoid carcinoma(P > 0.05), and the positive expression of it also showed no relationship between the moderately and well differentiated mucoepidermoid carcinoma (P > 0.05). The expression of Id-1 and TSP-1 showed negative correlation(r = -0.394, P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of TSP-1 may inhibit the development of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma, contrarily, the expression of Id-1 may prompt the development of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The expression of Id-1 and TSP-1 has negative correlation.

Aged ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid ; Cell Differentiation ; DNA ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; Thrombospondin 1