Aim This study was designed to investigate the effects of pravastatin,a potent 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor,on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation and leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion induced by lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC).Methods Cultured VSMCs from rabbit thoracic aorta were incubated with various concentrations of LPC in the absence or presence of different concentrations of pravastatin. MTT was used to evaluate the proliferation of VSMCs. We determined the effects of LPC and pravastatin on neutrophil K562 adhesion to endothelial cells ECV304 by directly counting non-adhesive K562 cells.Results Incubation of VSMCs with LPC (1～10 ?mol?L -1) stimulated proliferation of VSMCs in a time- and dose-dependent manner,while pravastatin (0.3～1 mmol?L -1) treatment prevented the proliferation of VSMCs caused by LPC. Moreover, incubation of ECV304 with 3 ?mol ? L -1 LPC for 12 h significantly enhanced K562 cells adhesion to endothelial cells, whereas pretreatment with pravastatin reduced leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Conclusion These results suggest that pravastatin can antagonize the effects of VSMCs proliferation and leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion induced by LPC.

AIM This study was designed to investigate the effect of aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of the glycosylated proteins formation, on the impairment of endothelium dependent relaxation induced by advanced glycation end products (AGE) in isolated rat thoracic aorta and its possible mechanisms. METHODS Exogenous glycosylated bovine serum albumin (AGE BSA) was prepared. Aortic rings were exposed to AGE BSA for 60 min to induce the impairment of endothelium dependent vasodilatation. In the drug treated groups, aortic rings were incubated with drug for 15 min and then exposed to AGE BSA for another 60 min in the presence of the drug. Vasodilator responses to acetylcholine (ACh) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) of aortic rings were measured by isometric tension recording after drug treatment. RESULTS AGE BSA significantly inhibited the endothelium dependent relaxation in response to ACh, but did not affect endothelium independent relaxation in response to SNP. Pre incubation of aortic rings with aminoguanidine(50～500 ?mol?L -1 ) for 15 min and co incubation of aortic rings with AGE BSA for another 60 min markedly attenuated the inhibition of endothelium dependenet relaxation induced by AGE BSA in a dose dependent manner. Superoxide diamutase (SOD, 2?10 5 U?L -1 ), a scavenger of superoxide anions, also prevented the inhibition of endothelium dependent relaxation, which is similar to the effect of 500 ?mol?L -1 aminoguanidine. Furthermore, aminoguanidine (500 ?mol?L -1 ) also reversed impairment of endothelium dependent relaxation of rat aortic ring induced by endogenous oxygen free radicals generated by diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC, 10 ?mol?L -1 ) via inhibiting intracellular SOD. CONCLUSION Aminoguanidine can protect rat aortic endothelium against damage due to AGE BSA, and the beneficial effect of aminoguanidine may relate to its antioxidant properties.

Objective To survey small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(sdLDL-C)distribution among different popula-tions,and analyze its relationship with lipid component.Methods 986 cases of people who underwent medical examination in the hospital were recruited in the study.There were 654 people with normal concentrations of serum blood lipids(normal blood lipids group),according to sex and age they were divided into groups.The people whose serum lipids concentrations increased above the normal range were divided into TG increasing group,LDL-C increasing group and joint increasing group according to the type of lip-ids componet increased.Serum sdLDL-C,LDL-C,TG,TC,HDL-C,ApoAⅠ and ApoB were determind in the people mentioned a-bove,and the correlation between sdLDL-C and TG,TC,HDL-C,ApoAⅠ,ApoB concentrations were analyzed.Results SdLDL-C began to decline after the age of 70,the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05 );the ensemble average of the males was higher than that of females,the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05).The serum sdLDL-C cocentrations of all the serum lipis increasing groups were significantly higher than those of normal blood lipids group,the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05 ).SdLDL-C concentrations were positively correlated with TC,TG,ApoB(r =0.254,0.589,0.302),and was negative correlated with HDL-C and ApoA Ⅰ (r = - 0.421,- 0.275,- 0.311 ).Conclusion There was a positive correlation between sdLDL-C and TC,TG,ApoB,and sdLDL-C was negatively correlated with HDL-C,ApoAⅠ,which can accurately reflect the overall status of lipid metabolism.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome is of high variation,which results in persistent infection of HCV and increases the incidence of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Following the successful paradigm established for HIV protease inhibitors,HCV NS3-4A serine protease has been selected as the main target for the development of small molecule antiviral agents.In this article,we review recent progress in the discovery and development of HCV NS3-4A protease inhibitors,and discuss their antiviral activities,pharmacokinetic properties,side effects and resistance profiles.

Objective:To explore the histogenesis and differentiation of dermatofibroma (DF) and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). Methods: Clinical information and microscopic characteristics of 26 cases of DF and 26 cases of DFSP were investigated. The immunohistochemical study was performed on microarray sections by a panel of antibodies including FactorⅩⅢa, HLA-DR, CD34, CD14, S-100, MSA, and Ki67. Probe was labeled by in vitro transcription. The mRNA expression levels of TGF-? and bFGF were investigated by in situ hybridization. Results: All cases showed positive for Factor ⅩⅢa,HLA-DR and CD34 to different extent. The medians of positive rates in DF were FactorⅩⅢa 90%, HLA-DR 70%, and CD34 5%, and in DFSP were FactorⅩⅢa 10%, HLA-DR 5%, and CD34 80%. CD14 was positive in 3 cases of DF and 1 case of DFSP. S-100 was positive in 6 cases of DFSP and 2 cases of DF. MSA was positive in 5 cases of DFSP and 3 cases of DF. In all cases, positive rate of Ki67 was less than 5%. The mRNA expression levels of TGF-? was elevated in DF in comparison with DFSP. Conclusion: Both DF and DFSP can differentiate to dendritic cells (DC) in different degree. Considering the character of microscopic features and immunohistochemical phenotype, cells of DF are much similar to mature DC, while those of DFSP much similar to immature dermal reserve cell (DRC). The differences of cell differentiation between DF and DFSP result in different prognosis. DF is a benign tumor, while DFSP a low grade malignant tumor. The different expression of FactorⅩⅢa and CD34 may be helpful to differential diagnosis of DF and DFSP.

Objective:Since malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) may be taken as an undifferentia-ted pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), this study was conducted to reassess 33 previously diagnosed MFH cases in the past 10 years based on the latest WHO concept. And then to search for the clinicopathological features, probably tumorigenesis, and the line of differentiation of the remaining MFH/UPS cases.Methods: Thirty-three cases in tissue microarray were studied by immunohistochemistry with panels of neurogenic, myogenic, and lipogenic antibodies. Three expertise pathologists reevaluated the slides separately. Results: Among the 33 cases, 17 cases (51.5%) of MFH had their diagnoses changed, including 5 leiomyosarcomas, 3 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, 1 fibrosarcoma, 1 inflammatory myofibrosarcoma, 1 giant cell tumor and 1 angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. The remaining 16 cases (48.5%) were finally diagnosed as MFH/UPS, among which patients were mainly old adults (median age: 63 years; range: 38 to 76 years). The median tumor size was 6.0 cm (range: 3.0 to 14.0 cm), 8 cases (50%) located in lower limb and 5 cases (31.3%) located in thigh. These tumors had marked cytological and nuclear pleomorphism. Immunohistochemistry showed that Vimentin was strongly positive in all 16 MFH/UPS (100%), Muscle-specific actin was variously positive in 8 cases (50%) and 1 case focally expressed Desmin. Eleven cases (68.8%) variously expressed CD68 (KP1) and 7 cases (43.8%) expressed CD68 (PG-M1), which were much higher than leiomyosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and liposarcoma with significant difference. Moreover, Ki67 expression rates were from 10% to 100%, including 14 cases more than 50% and 11 cases more than 70%. However, only 2 cases (12.5%) showed P53 positive. Conclusion: MFH/UPS often show marked histological pleomorphism, and the diagnosis must be made by exclusion of other definitive sarcomas, especially myogenic and neurogenic sarcoma. Only Vimentin was always expressed in MFH/UPS, while some of the tumors were positive for myogenic antigen and CD68. It was suggested that MFH/UPS might arise from primary mesenchymal cells, and some cases exhibited fibroblastic and/or myofibroblastic features. In addition, histiocytic phenotypic marker did have more expression in MFH/UPS than in other sarcomas. MFH/UPS still had certain clinicopathological characteristics.

Equipment Design ; Facial Injuries ; therapy ; First Aid ; instrumentation

Objective To explore the clinical value of MRI in diagnosing and treating cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical manifestations of 54 patients diagnosed with CSP between January 2009 to January 2013 in Peking University Third Hospital.Based on the patients' MRI image and other clinical datas,we did transvaginal operation on patients with CSP1,and transvaginal combined with abdominal operations on patients with CSP2.The intraoperative blood loss,operation time,postoperative hospital stay,and the length of time required for of serum hCG dropping to normal of the patients were analyzed.Results The average age of the 54 patients was (34±5) years and the average duration of gestation was (56± 16) days,all patients' vital sign were stable,the hCG level was 23-142 962 U/L before treatment.Twelve patients were diagnosed with CSP1 by MRI,and 5 of them had focus of 1-2 cm in diameter,the 5 patients' serum hCG level was 436-1 159 U/L and 23-32 days after drug administration,their hCG level returned to normal; the other 7 patients had focus of 2.0-4.4 cm in diameter,and their hCG level was 2 218-63 446 U/L,lesion resection was done on the 7 patients by hysteroscope or under B-uhrasound monitor.Forty-two patients were diagnosed with CSP2,and their focus were 1.0-7.1 cm in diameter,and serum hCG level were 23-142 962 U/L.We did bilateral uterine artery occlusion by laparoscope or laparotomy during operation for 22 patients or bilateral uterine artery embolization (UAE) before operation for 20 patients,then we did lesion resections.The blood loss during operation of CSP1 or CSP 2 was 50.1,267.2 ml; operation time was 30,128 minutes; postoperative hospital stay was 4.6,6.7 days;their serum hCG returned to normal 13-30 days after the surgery.All the 54 patients' uterus were preserved,and the patients undergoing operations were all cured without the second operation.Conclusion MRI is an effective method to conduct clinical treatment in CSP.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells(Treg) in peripheral blood and intestinal endotoxin (ET) in liver injury of rat severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).MethodsSixty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into sham operation group(SO group) and severe acute pancreatitis group(SAP group).The rats in SAP group recevied the injection of Sodium Taurocholate(NaTc) into their far-end of bile-pancreatic duct and were sacrificed in 3-,6-and 12-hour,serum amylase(AMY) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) determined by full-automatic biochemistry instrument,limulus reagent method is used to determine ET content in plasma,the proportion of Treg among peripheral lymphocytes was determined by Flow Cytometry(FCM),HE stain is used to observe pathological changes in liver and pancreas,the protein of Foxp3 activity was evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining,and the relationships between these indicators were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis test.ResultsHistopathologic examination and the level of ALT revealed the occurrence of pancreatic inflammation and pathological changes of liver in SAP group.The percentage of Treg in SAP groups significantly increased at 3 h(2.26％ ±0.32％),6 h(2.36 ％ ±0.48％)and 12 h(2.80％ ±0.35％) comparing to the SO groups(P＜0.01) ; plasma ET levels compared with the SO group was statistically significant (P＜ 0,01 ),and 12 h (0.85 ± 0.11) compared to,3 h (0.74±0.11) and 6 h (0.78-±-0.07) was no significant difference (P＞0.05).The expression of Foxp3 protein on the livers were upregulated markedly.Pearson correlation analysis teat showed that quantities of Treg were positively proportional to the levels of ET(r=0.89,P＜0.01) after liver injury of SAP.ConclusionsSAP may lead to liver injury and the high plasma levels of ET and Treg in peripheral blood may play an important role in liver injury of SAP.