Esophageal cancer （EC） is a highly prevalent malignant tumor in China. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway， as one of the key oncogenic pathways， can promote the cell cycle progression， proliferation， migration， and invasion， induce chemoresistance， and inhibit apoptosis and autophagy of EC cells. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， with the advantages of targeting multiple points with multiple components to delay cancer progression， can target the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway for EC treatment. This article preliminarily discusses the molecular mechanism and role of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in EC and elaborates on the specific targets and efficacy of TCM in treating EC through intervention in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the past five years. TCM materials and extracts inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in EC include Borneolum， spore powder of Ganoderma lucidum without spore coat， extract of Celastrus orbiculatus， root extract of Taraxacum， and Bruceae Fructus oil emulsion. TCM active ingredients exerting the effect include flavonoids， terpenoids， saponins， phenols， polysaccharides， alkaloids， and other compounds. TCM compound prescriptions with such effect include Qige San， Huqi San， Xuanfu Daizhetang， Tongyoutang and its decomposed prescriptions， Liujunzi Tang， and Xishenzhi Formula. In addition， TCM injections such as Compound Kushen Injection and Kang'ai injection also inhibit the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in EC. This paper summarizes the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in EC and the TCM interventions， aiming to provide reference for the research and clinical application of new drugs for EC.

Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

Over 40%of critically ill patients will develop coagulopathy.Once critically ill patients are complicated with coagulopathy,the incidence of bleeding and mortality can increase by more than 4 times.Early identification of coagulopathy and accurate evaluation of coagulation function are essential for correcting coagulopathy as soon as possible.Therefore,Chinese Society of Thrombosis,Hemostasis and Critical Care,Chinese Medicine Education Association,together with Chinese People's Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine updated the"Chinese expert consensus on standardized assessment of severe coagulopathy(2025 Edition)"on the basis of the"Consensus of Chinese experts on standardized evaluation of coagulation dysfunction in severe patients"formulated in 2022.This consensus includes four parts:classification and typing,etiology and mechanism,assessment methods,and diagnostic criteria of severe coagulopathy,with a total of 14 recommendations,aiming to provide corresponding guidance for clinical practice.

Objective:To translate the quality of life tool for patients with aplastic anaemia and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (QLQ-AA/PNH) into Chinese, and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:According to the scale translation principle, the Chinese version of QLQ-AA/PNH was formed through translation, back translation and cross-cultural adaptation. A cross-sectional survey method was used to conveniently select 58 patients with aplastic anemia who were treated in the hematology department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January 2018 to September 2023 for investigation, and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale.Results:The Chinese version of QLQ-AA/PNH retains 36 items, and 5 common factors (psychological status dimension, life burden dimension, physical condition dimension, illness anxiety dimension and other symptom dimension) were extracted through exploratory factor analysis. The cumulative variance contribution rate reached 71.33%, and the factor load of each entry was greater than 0.5 on corresponding common factors. The Cronbach α coefficient of the scale as a whole was 0.971, the broken half reliability coefficient was 0.985, the Cronbach α coefficient of each common factor was 0.637 to 0.954, and the broken half reliability coefficient was 0.637 to 0.930. Conclusions:The Chinese version of QLQ-AA/PNH has been proved to be valid and reliable. It is a valuable tool for evaluating the quality of life among patients with aplastic anaemia.

Over 40%of critically ill patients will develop coagulopathy.Once critically ill patients are complicated with coagulopathy,the incidence of bleeding and mortality can increase by more than 4 times.Early identification of coagulopathy and accurate evaluation of coagulation function are essential for correcting coagulopathy as soon as possible.Therefore,Chinese Society of Thrombosis,Hemostasis and Critical Care,Chinese Medicine Education Association,together with Chinese People's Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine updated the"Chinese expert consensus on standardized assessment of severe coagulopathy(2025 Edition)"on the basis of the"Consensus of Chinese experts on standardized evaluation of coagulation dysfunction in severe patients"formulated in 2022.This consensus includes four parts:classification and typing,etiology and mechanism,assessment methods,and diagnostic criteria of severe coagulopathy,with a total of 14 recommendations,aiming to provide corresponding guidance for clinical practice.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Aim To evaluate the role of the glucose transporter protein 1(GLUT1)-dependent glycolytic in the attenuation of oxygen-glucose deprivation-reoxygen-ation(OGD/R)injury in HK-2 cells by dexmedetomi-dine(Dex).Methods C57/BL6 mice were random-ly divided into three groups(n=6),namely,sham operation group(Sham group),renal ischemia reper-fusion group(I/R group)and Dex group(I/R+Dex group).Serum creatinine(Cr)and urea nitrogen(BUN)were measured,while the levels of key glyco-lytic enzymes HK2,PFKFB3 and GLUT1 were meas-ured.HK-2 cells were cultured and randomised into seven groups(n=6),which was treated with OGD/R,overexpression or interference with GLUT1,Dex and glycolysis inhibitor 2-DG.CCK-8 and LDH activi-ty were used to detect cellular damage.Glycolysis lev-els were detected by lactate and ECAR.The inflamma-tory level was reflected by qRT-PCR for IL-6 and TNF-α.qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to de-tect the levels of GLUT1,HK2,and PFKFB3.Results Dex significantly ameliorated kidney injury and HK-2 cell injury(P＜0.05).Dex inhibited the OGD/R-induced rise in lactate and extracellular acidification rate(ECAR),as evidenced by suppression of the ex-pression of GLUT1,HK2 and PFKFB3(P＜0.05).In vitro experiments showed that GLUT1 knockdown sig-nificantly improved OGD/R-induced cellular damage.Lactate,ECAR,glycolysis-related mRNAs and pro-teins were inhibited by GLUT1 knockdown(P＜0.05).Significantly,there were no significant differ-ences in above indexes after Dex treatment based on GLUT1 knockdown.Overexpression of GLUT1 abroga-ted the protective effects of Dex,while reversing the inhibitory effects of Dex on the expression of GLUT1,HK2,and PFKFB3(P＜0.05).Conclusions Dexmedetomidine attenuates OGD/R induced injury in HK-2 cells by inhibiting GLUT1-dependent glycolysis.

Objective To explore the pathogenesis and prognostic factors of liposarcoma in the head and neck region, and simultaneously analyze the efficacy of different treatment regimens. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients with primary untreated head and neck liposarcoma who were diagnosed and underwent surgical treatment at our hospital from January 2008 to January 2024. All patients were monitored during follow-up, and their prognoses were analyzed using SPSS software. Results A total of 30 patients were included in the study. Liposarcoma accounted for up to 60% of the cases in the orbit, while the remaining liposarcomas were primarily located in various interspaces of the neck. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma was the most common type, comprising 33%, while myxoid pleomorphic liposarcoma was the rarest at 4%. The tumor pathological type (P<0.001) and Ki67 (P=0.014) significantly affected the tumor control rate. However, an analysis of disease-specific survival rates revealed no significant differences across various factors (all P>0.05). Conclusion The prognosis of head and neck liposarcoma is better compared to that of liposarcomas in other parts of the body. However, myxoid pleomorphic liposarcoma, pleomorphic fat sarcoma, and high Ki67 levels are indicators of poor prognosis. Additionally, postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy does not significantly enhance disease-specific survival rates.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a globally life-threatening disease. Presently, few therapeutic medicines are available for treating IS, and rt-PA is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US. In fact, many agents showing excellent neuroprotection but no blood flow-improving activity in animals have not achieved ideal clinical efficacy, while thrombolytic drugs only improving blood flow without neuroprotection have limited their wider application. To address these challenges and meet the huge unmet clinical need, we have designed and identified a novel compound AAPB with dual effects of neuroprotection and cerebral blood flow improvement. AAPB significantly reduced cerebral infarction and neural function deficit in tMCAO rats, pMCAO rats, and IS rhesus monkeys, as well as displayed exceptional safety profiles and excellent pharmacokinetic properties in rats and dogs. AAPB has now entered phase I of clinical trials fighting IS in China.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological and molecular genetic characteristics of pan cytokeratin (CKpan)-positive EWSR1/FUS::CREB fusion malignant tumors in abdominopelvic cavity.Methods:Four cases of malignant tumor with CKpan-positive EWSR1/FUS::CREB fusion were selected from January 2019 to July 2024 in the Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Tianjin, China. Their clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical characteristics were examined. Their molecular genetic characteristics were analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and next-generation sequencing (NGS).Results:Among the 4 patients, there were 2 males and 2 females, aged 44, 44, 48 and 66 years, respectively. The tumor sites included 1 case located between the stomach and transverse colon, 1 case on the serous surface of the gastric wall, 1 case in the transverse mesocolon, and 1 case in transverse mesocolon and small mesentery. The clinical manifestations were mostly abdominal distension and abdominal pain. The maximum diameter of the tumor in the surgical resection specimen was 3.5-8.5 cm. The tumor′s cut surface was grayish-white and gray-yellow in color, with medium consistency. Microscopically, the tumor cells were mainly composed of epithelioid tumor cells, and 2 of the tumors showed that tumor cells arranged in a solid sheet or multinodular pattern, and the cytoplasm of the tumor cells was abundant, lightly stained, and the boundaries were unclear, accompanied by the formation of capsules or microcapsules, and lymphocyte and plasma cell sleeves were seen. In one case, the pseudopapillary arrangement was present, and the tumor cells were radially distributed around the fibrovascular axis. In another case, it was arranged in a pseudoacinar pattern, and the nest was surrounded by slender reticular fibers. Immunohistochemistry showed that tumor cells expressed CKpan (4/4) and WT1 (4/4, including 1 focal positive). Vimentin, CK8/18, D2-40 and S-100 were expressed in various intensities, while Calretinin was locally positive or negative. FISH showed that 2 cases had EWSR1 break-apart and 2 cases had FUS break-apart. NGS confirmed the presence of EWSR1::CREM fusion (1 case) and FUS::CREM fusion (2 cases), respectively. Except for 1 recently diagnosed case, 3 cases were followed up: 1 patient died due to tumor recurrence and metastasis (overall survival was 33 months), and 2 patients survived (1 case had recurrence 58 months after surgery, and 1 case had no recurrence or metastasis after surgery).Conclusions:CKpan-positive EWSR1/FUS::CREB fusion malignant tumor is a rare malignancy tumor with undetermined classification that tends to occur in the abdominopelvic cavity and often involves the gastrointestinal tract. Molecular testing such as FISH and NGS is helpful for a definitive diagnosis.