Recent studies have shown a significant relationship between ambient particulate matter and cardiovascular diseases.Results of epidemiological and experimental studies in recent years were reviewed in the present paper.The biological mechanisms of the ambient particulate matter-induced cardiovascular impacts were also discussed.

Objective To investigate the changes of psychological state and family environment of the patients with neurosis (including depression and anxiety) in the process of treatment. Methods The Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA), self-rating depression scale(SDS), self-rating anxiety scale(SAS), family environment scale(FES), and family adaptability and cohesion scale(FACESⅡ-CV) were used to evaluate the changes of psychological state and family relationship in the process of treatment among patients with depression and anxiety hospitalized in general hospitals (n=45) and their family members (n=45). Results Before intervention, values of HAMD, HAMA, SDS and SAS in patients were higher than normal ones, and were in line with the corresponding diagnostic criteria. After psychological intervention and medication for 2 to 3 months, symptoms such as depression and anxiety were improved significantly, and values of the above scales were within normal ranges. Besides, there was also significant improvement in FES and FACESⅡ-CV after intervention among the patients. All the values of the family members were in the normal ranges before intervention, however, significantly positive changes were observed after intervention. Conclusion With the improvement in depression and anxiety after intervention among patients, the psychological pressure of family members is released, and family relationship is partially restored. The rehabilitation of patients plays an important role in the restoration of family function.

Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Olfaction Disorders ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of clinically isolated pathogens from geriatrics department of a hospital in 2013,so as to provide reference for clinical antimicrobial use.Methods Distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens isolated from patients in a geriatrics department between Janu-ary and December 2013 were analyzed statistically.Results Of 1 896 pathogenic strains,1 289(67.99%)were gram-negative bacteria,439 (26.00%)were gram-positive bacteria,and 114(6.01%)were fungi;the top 4 isolated pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Acinetobacter baumannii ,and Escherichia coli .Extended-spec-trumβ-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 53.26% and 31.10% of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively;Of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains,methicillin-resistant isolates (MRSA and MRSE)accounted for 22.47% and 80.00%,respectively,of Enterococ-cus strains,vancomycin-resistant isolates (VRE)was 3.10%,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacteriaceae were highly sensitive to imipenem,meropenem and ertapenem.Resistant rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to imipenem and meropenem was 79.48% and 80.35% respectively,Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the lowest resistant rate to amikacin (10.70%). Gram-positive bacteria were highly sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid.Conclusion The major pathogens isolated from the elderly patients are gram-negative bacteria,and antimicrobial resistance is serious,surveillance of antimicrobial resist-ance is important for rational use of antimicrobial agents and control of pathogen resistance.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the economics of caspofungin vs. voriconazole in initial empirical antifungal therapy of fe-brile neutropenia(FN). METHODS:Based on two international multiple center clinical trials about caspofungin vs. voriconazole in initial empirical antifungal therapy of FN,combined with domestic clinical experts'opinions about drug selection,a decision tree model was developed. TreeAge Pro 2011 software was used to analyze the cost and effectiveness of 10-day therapy of caspofungin or voriconazole as initial empirical antifungal therapy. RESULTS:The direct medical cost of caspofungin group was lower than that of voriconazole group(52826.71 yuan vs. 58246.70 yuan). The success rate and survival rate were higher than voriconazole group(33.95% vs. 25.63%、92.36% vs. 91.87%). Whether the success rate or the survival rate of patients as the effect indicators, cost-effectiveness ratio of caspofungin group was lower than that of voriconazole group. Moreover,incremental cost effectiveness ra-tio and sensitivity analysis confirmed this conclusion. CONCLUSIONS:Caspofungin has more advantages than voriconazole in cost and effectiveness as initial empirical antifungal therapy in patients with FN.

Objective To assess regional myocardial function by left ventricular radial myocardial motion velocity gradient(MVG) measured by omni-directional M-mode echocardiography(OME). Methods There were 32 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM), 20 patients with hypertension of left ventricular hypertrophy(HLVH),and 36 healthy volunteers in the study, LEJ-2 mode OME was used to measure and calculate MVG of 16 segment on left ventricular short axes. Results In the control group,MVG on left ventricular short axes were found to be decreased progressively from base plane to apical plane. Compared with the control group,the left ventricular MVG were reduced in HCM group and HLVH group( P <0. 05). Conclusions The left ventricular MVG can correspond directly to regional thickened myocardial motion,and can be used to evaluate left ventricular myocardial function in patients with thickened myocardium.

Objective To study the relation between changed atrial load and atrial septal motion.Methods Forty one patients with valve diseases,7 patients with congenital heart diseases, and 12 normal subjects were involved.Two dimensional image was obtained by transesophageal echocardiography.The thickness,wave time and velocity were showed during atrial septal motion by omni directional M mode echocardiography (OME).Results With increase of the volume load and pressure load in the atrium,the atrial septal thickness increased, and the velocity of atrial septal motion increased or reduced.Conclusions OME shows that the thickness and velocity of atrial septal motion relates with condition of atrial load.

Therapeutic alliance is one of the most popular topics in psychological counseling and psychotherapy research,but the concept of it is not unified.Despite of its various versions,most scholars regard it as an important relationship variable,emphasizing the agreement between therapist and patient as to the goals and tasks of treatment,and the affective bond established in the therapeutic dyad.Related research show that the characteristics of therapist and patient,and the interaction in this therapeutic dyad are the related factors on the formation and development of therapeutic alliance,which constitutes a major clinical variable in explaining and predicting the course and outcome of treatments.Future researches should further clarify the related factors of therapeutic alliance,expand the clinical applications of therapeutic alliance and strengthen the exploration of indigenization.

Objective To inhibit the expression level of SALI4 in AML cell line THP-1 and investigate its potential effects on pathogenesis of leukemia. Methods AML cell line THP-1 was transfected with plasmids that expressed small interfering RNA targeting SALL4. The samples were divided into 4 groups:(1) blank group: samples with not any treatments; (2) control group: cells with empty pRS vector alone;(3) test1 group:cells with SALL4-shRNA-pRS-1 plasmid transfection complex; (4) test2 group:cells with SALL4-shRNA-pRS-2 plasmid transfection complex. The expression levels of SALL4 mRNA and protein were measured by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR and WB. C-myc, Cyclin D1 and β-catenin were important components of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and their expression levels in SALL4 knockdown THP-1 cells were detected by real-time fluorescence PCR. Furthermore, THP-1 apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry after Annexin V-PI staining. Results Real time fluorescent quantitative PCR illustrated that the expression of SALL4 in testl group, test2 group, control group and blank group were ( 36. 0 ± 4. 3 ) %,(32. 0 ± 2. 4) %, ( 102. 0 ± 6.5 ) % and ( 100. 0 ± 2. 6 ) % respectively. There was statistical significance ( F = 226. 3, P < 0. 05 ). The expression of SALL4 in testl and test2 group respectively were significant lower than that in blank group (t = 19.7,19. 1, P<0. 05). The expression of SALL4 had no significant difference between blank group and control group (t = 1.1, P ＞0. 05). Western blot analysis revealed SALL4 protein in testl and test2 group were significantly decreased compared with those of control and blank group. All above data indicated the high efficiency of RNA interference targeting SALL4. Comparing with the blank group, the relative expression of C-myc, Cyclin D1 and β-catenin mRNA in test1, test2 and control group were(44.0 ±6.2)%,(44.0 ±5.1)% and (107.0±13.6)%;(22.0±4.5)%,(25.0±3.5)% and (48.0 ± 7. 6 ) %; ( 42.0 ± 3.5 ) %, ( 59. 0 ± 3.7 ) % and ( 79. 0 ± 5.6 ) %. The expression of C-myc,β-catenin and Cyclin D1 mRNA in testl and test2 group were significant lower than that in blank group (t = 10. 1,9. 5, 23. 3, 22. 9; 17.4, 12. 4; P < 0. 05). The percentage of apoptotic cells in group of test1,test2,control, blank were (57.2 ±9.1)%, (34.4 ±8.6)%, (14.4 ±3.6)% and (14.8 ±4.8)%respectively. There was statistical significance ( F = 42. 5, P < 0. 05 ). After the inhibition of SALL4, the percentages of apoptotic cell in testl and test2 group were significantly increased( t =9. 7, 4. 5 ;P <0. 05).Conclusion The inhibition of SALL4 in leukemia cell line THP-1 downregulates the expression of cell proliferation related genes such as C-myc, Cyclin D1,β-catenin and promoted apoptosis.